Aryl substituted carboxamide derivatives as calcium or sodium channel blockers

ABSTRACT

The present invention relates to aryl substituted carboxamide derivatives of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, which have blocking activities of T-type calcium channels or voltage gated sodium channels as the tetrodotoxin-sensitive (TTX-S) blocker such as Na V1.3  and Na V1.7 , and which are useful in the treatment or prevention of disorders and diseases in which T-type calcium channels or voltage gated sodium channels are involved. The invention also relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising these compounds and the use of these compounds and compositions in the prevention or treatment of such diseases in which T-type calcium channels or voltage gated sodium channels are involved.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to aryl substituted carboxamidederivatives which have blocking activities of T-type calcium channels orvoltage gated sodium channels as the tetrodotoxin-sensitive (TTX-S)blockers such as Na_(V1.3) and Na_(V1.7), and which are useful in thetreatment or prevention of disorders and diseases in which T-typecalcium channels or voltage gated sodium channels are involved. Theinvention also relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising thesecompounds and the use of these compounds and compositions in theprevention or treatment of such diseases in which T-type calciumchannels or voltage gated sodium channels are involved.

BACKGROUND ART

Plasma membrane calcium channels are members of a diverse superfamily ofvoltage gated channel proteins. Calcium channels are membrane-spanning,multi-subunit proteins that allow controlled entry of Ca²⁺ ions intocells from the extracellular fluid. Excitable cells throughout theanimal kingdom, and at least some bacterial, fungal and plant cells,possess one or more types of calcium channel. Nearly all “excitable”cells in animals, such as neurons of the central nervous system (CNS),peripheral nerve cells and muscle cells, including those of skeletalmuscles, cardiac muscles, and venous and arterial smooth muscles, havevoltage dependent calcium channels.

Multiple types of calcium channels have been identified in mammaliancells from various tissues, including skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle,lung, smooth muscle and brain. A major type of this family is the L-typecalcium channels, whose function is inhibited by the familiar classes ofcalcium channel blockers (dihydropyridines such as nifedipine,phenylalkylamines such as verapamil, and benzothiazepines such asdiltiazem). Additional classes of plasma membrane calcium channels arereferred to as T-type, N-type, P-type, Q-type and R-type.

The “T-type” (or “low voltage-activated”) calcium channels are so namedbecause their openings are of briefer duration (T=transient) than thelonger (L=long-lasting) openings of the L-type calcium channels. The L,N, P and Q-type channels activate at more positive potentials (highvoltage activated) and display diverse kinetics and voltage-dependentproperties.

T-type calcium channels have been implicated in pathologies related tovarious diseases and disorders, including epilepsy, essential tremor,pain, neuropathic pain, schizophrenia, Parkinson's disease, depression,anxiety, sleep disorders, sleep disturbances, insomnia, psychosis,cardiac arrhythmia, hypertension, cancer, diabetes, infertility andsexual dysfunction (J Neuroscience, 14, 5485 (1994); Drugs Future 30(6), 573-580 (2005); EMBO J, 24, 315-324 (2005); Drug Discovery Today,11, 5/6, 245-253 (2006); Neuropharmacology 53, 308-317 (2007) and J.Biol. Chem., 283 (15), 10162-10173 (2008)).

On the other hand, blockers of voltage gated sodium channels as theTTX-S channels also relates to a number of therapeutic applications.

The rat Na_(V1.3) channel and the human Na_(V1.3) channel have beencloned in 1988 and 1998/2000 respectively (FEBS Lett. 228 (1), 187-194,1988; J. Mol Neurosci, 10 (1), 67-70, 1998; Eur. J. Neurosci. 12 (12),4281-4289, 2000). The Na_(V1.3) channel was formerly known as brain typeIII sodium channel. Na_(V1.3) is present at relatively high levels inthe nervous system of rat embryos but is barely detectable in adultrats. Na_(V1.3) is up-regulated following axotomy in the Spinal NerveLigation (SNL), Chronic Constriction Injury (CCI), and diabeticneuropathy models (J Neurophysiol 82, 2776-2785, 1999. J. A. Black etal; Ann Neurol 52, 786-792, 2002. M J. Cranner et. al.; Pain 83,591-600, 1999. S. Dib-Hajj et al.; J Biol Chem. 279, 29341-29350, 2004.S. Hong et al.; Mol Brain Res 95, 153-161, 2001, C. H. Kim et al.) Theup-regulation of Na_(V1.3) channel contributes to rapidly reprintingsodium current in small dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons (JNeurophysiol 82, 2776-2785, 1999, J. A. Black et al.). Theseobservations suggest that Na_(V1.3) may make a key contribution toneuronal hyperexcitability.

In order to validate the contribution of Na_(V1.3) sodium channel in thepain states, specific antisense oligonucleotides (ASO) were used inanimal pain models. Na_(V1.3) sodium channel ASO treatment significantlyattenuated pain-related behaviors after CCI operation (J. Neurosci. 24,4832-4839, 2004, Hains, B. C. et al.). These finding suggest thatNa_(V1.3) sodium channel antagonist is useful to treat neuropathic painconditions.

The Na_(v1.7) channel appears to be the best ‘validated’ pain target.The most exciting findings with respect to Na_(v1.7) have come fromhuman genetic studies. Cox et al. (Nature 444, 894-898, 2006) discoveredSCN9A mutations that cause a loss of Na_(v1.7) function in threefamilies from Pakistan. Their observations link loss of Na_(v1.7)function with a congenital inability to experience pain, adding to theevidence indicating Na_(v1.7) channel as an essential participant inhuman nociception.

By contrast, Gain-of-function mutations have also been described thatlead to enhanced pain, for example. Primary Erythermalgia in one caseand Paroxysmal Extreme Pain Disorder in another. These gain-of-functionmutations in patients led to different types of gating changes inNa_(v1.7) sodium currents and, interestingly, different degrees ofeffectiveness of specific sodium channel blocking drugs. The implicationfrom these findings is that a selective Na_(v1.7) blocker may be aneffective treatment for pain in man.

A local anaesthetic lidocalne and a volatile anaesthetic halothane areknown to act on both TTX-R and TTX-S sodium channels with poorselectivity and low potency (IC₅₀ values range from 50 mM to 10 mM).These anaesthetics at high systemic concentrations could causedevastating side effects, e.g., paralysis and cardiac arrest. However,systemic administration of lidocaine at low concentrations is effectiveto treat chronic pain (Trends in Pharm. Sci 22, 27-31, 2001., Baker, M.D. et al.). In rats, application of a very low dose of TTX to the DRG ofthe injured segment of the L5 spinal nerve significantly reducesmechanical allodynic behavior (Brain Res 871, 98-103, 2000, Lyu, Y. S.et al.). This suggests that TTX-S subtypes of sodium channels play animportant role in maintaining allodynic behaviors in an animal model ofneuropathic pain.

The Na_(V1.5) channel is also a member of TTX-resistant sodium channels.The Na_(V1.5) channel is almost exclusively expressed in cardiac tissueand has been shown to underlie a variety of cardiac arrhythmias andconduction disorders.

In particular, the aryl substituted carboxamide derivatives of thepresent invention are selective for the TTX-S channels over theNa_(V1.5) channel, leading to improvements in the side-effect profile.

The aryl substituted carboxamide derivatives are therefore useful forthe treatment of a wide range of disorders, particularly pain, acutepain, chronic pain, neuropathic pain, inflammatory pain, visceral pain,nociceptive pain including post-surgical pain, and mixed pain typesinvolving the viscera, gastrointestinal tract, cranial structures,musculoskeletal system, spine, urogenital system, cardiovascular systemand CNS, including cancer pain, back and orofacial pain.

Other conditions that may be treated with the picolinamide derivativesof the present invention include multiple sclerosis, neurodegenerativedisorders, irritable bowel syndrome, osteoarthritis, rheumatoidarthritis, neuropathological disorders, functional bowel disorders,inflammatory bowel diseases, pain associated with dysmenorrhea, pelvicpain, cystitis, pancreatitis, migraine, cluster and tension headaches,diabetic neuropathy, peripheral neuropathic pain, sciatica, fibromyalgiaCrohn's disease, epilepsy or epileptic conditions, bipolar depression,tachyarrhythmias, mood disorder, bipolar disorder, psychiatric disorderssuch as anxiety and depression, myotonia, arrhythmia, movementdisorders, neuroendocrine disorders, ataxia, incontinence, visceralpain, trigeminal neuralgia, herpetic neuralgia, general neuralgia,postherpetic neuralgia, radicular pain, sciatica, back pain, head orneck pain, severe or intractable pain, breakthrough pain, postsurgicalpain, stroke, cancer pain, seizure disorder and causalgia.

WO2007120729, WO2009054982, WO2009054983, and WO2009054984 disclose aseries of heterocycle amide compounds which are blockers of T-typecalcium channels.

The compounds of the present invention, however, differ structurallyfrom known compounds in the above cited arts by the presence of uniquespacer between carbony group and terminal aryl group. Namely, disclosedcompounds of the prior arts are introducing only one carbon atom as aspacer between carbonyl group and heteroaryl, whereas the compounds ofthe present invention are characterized by introducing different uniquespacers between carbony group and terminal aryl group.

WO 2003037274 discloses pyrazole derivatives as sodium channel blockers.Then WO2002091830 disclosed pyridinyl fused bicyclic amides asfungicides.

The novel compounds with trifluoroethoxy or methoxy on the pyridine ringor pyrazine ring; and alkyl side chain; are useful for the treatment ofa condition or disorder in which voltage gated sodium channels areinvolved.

On the contrary, cyclopropane carboxamide besides trifluoroethoxy ormethoxy on the pyridine ring or pyrazine ring is important for thetreatment of a condition or disorder in which T-type calcium channelsare involved. The compounds have advantage over the compounds disclosedin WO2007120729, WO2009054982, WO2009054983, and WO2009054984 in termsof metabolism.

The above cited arts, however, have never disclosed the voltage gatedsodium channels. Therefore aryl substituted carboxamide derivatives ofthis invention provide the first knowledge of blocking not only theT-type calcium channels but also voltage gated sodium channels.

It is an objective of the invention to provide new T-type calciumchannel blockers or TTX-S blockers that are good drug candidates.Preferred compounds should bind potently to the TTX-S (Na_(V1.3) andNa_(V1.7)) channels whilst showing little affinity for other sodiumchannels, particularly the Na_(V1.5) channel. They should be wellabsorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, be metabolically stable andpossess favorable pharmacokinetic properties. For example, the compoundsof this invention have excellent metabolic properties comparing with thecompounds disclosed in WO 2007120729, WO 2009054982, WO 2009054983, andWO 2009054984. They should be non-toxic and demonstrate fewside-effects. Furthermore, the ideal drug candidate will exist in aphysical form that is stable, non-hygroscopic and easily formulated.

SUMMARY OF INVENTION

The present invention is directed to aryl substituted carboxamidederivatives which are blockers of T-type calcium channels or voltagegated sodium channels, and which are useful in the treatment orprevention of neurological and psychiatric disorders and diseases inwhich T-type calcium channels or voltage gated sodium channels areinvolved. The invention is also directed to pharmaceutical compositionscomprising these compounds and the use of these compounds andcompositions in the prevention or treatment of such diseases in whichT-type calcium channels or voltage gated sodium channels are involved.It is needless to say that T-type calcium channels or voltage gatedsodium channels does cover T-type calcium channels and voltage gatedsodium channels.

DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

The present invention provides a use of a compound of the followingformula (I) for the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of acondition or disorder in which T-type calcium channels or voltage gatedsodium channels are involved:

wherein:

R is hydrogen C₁₋₆ alkyl which may be substituted with one or moresubstituents independently selected from R⁷;

R¹ is independently selected from the group consisting of:

(1) hydrogen, (2) halogen, (3) hydroxyl, (4) —O_(n)—C₁₋₆alkyl, where thealkyl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituentsindependently selected from R⁷, (5) —O_(n)—C₃₋₆cycloalkyl, where thecycloalkyl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituentsindependently selected from R⁷, (6) C₂₋₄ alkenyl, where the alkenyl isunsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents independentlyselected from R⁷, (7) —O_(n)-phenyl or —O_(n)-naphthyl, where the phenylor napthyl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituentsindependently selected from R⁷, (8) —O_(n)-heterocyclic group, where theheterocyclic group is unsubstituted or substituted with one or moresubstituents independently selected from R⁷, (9) —(C═O)—NR⁹R¹⁰, (10)—NR⁹R¹⁰, (11) —S(O)₂—NR⁹R¹⁰, (12) —NR⁹—S(O)²R¹⁰, (13) —S(O)_(t)R¹⁰,where t is 0, 1 or 2, (14) —NR⁹(C═O)R¹⁰, (15) —CN, and (16) —NO₂;

wherein n is 0 or 1, when n is 0, a chemical bond is present in theplace of O_(n);

p is 1, 2, 3, or 4; when p is two or more than two, R¹ may be same ordifferent;

R² is selected from the group consisting of:

(1) hydrogen, (2) C₁₋₆alkyl, which is unsubstituted or substituted withone or more substituents independently selected from R⁷, (3)C₃₋₆cycloalkyl, which is unsubstituted or substituted with one or moresubstituents independently selected from R⁷, (4) C₂₋₆ alkenyl, which isunsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents independentlyselected from R⁷, (5) C₂₋₆alkynyl, which is unsubstituted or substitutedwith one or more substituents independently selected from R⁷, (6)phenyl, which is unsubstituted or substituted with one or moresubstituents independently selected from R⁷, (7) —(C═O)—NR⁹R¹⁰, and (8)—(C═O)—O—C₁₋₆; alkyl, which is unsubstituted or substituted with one ormore substituents independently selected from R⁷;

or R² form a 5 to 7 membered ring with R¹ which may contain nitrogenatom, oxygen atom, sulfur atom or double bond, wherein the 5 to 7membered ring is optionally substituted with 1 to 6 substituentsindependently selected from the group consisting of: (1) hydrogen, (2)hydroxyl, (3) halogen, (4) C₁₋₆ alkyl, which is unsubstituted orsubstituted with one or more substituents independently selected fromR⁷, (5) C₃₋₆cycloalkyl, which is unsubstituted or substituted with oneor more substituents independently selected from R⁷, (6) —O—C₁₋₆ alkyl,which is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituentsindependently selected from R⁷ and (7) —O—C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl, which isunsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents independentlyselected from R⁷;

X is a chemical bond, —C═C—, -cycloalkylene-,-cycloalkylene-C₁₋₄-alkylene-O-, oxygen atom, sulfur atom, or nitrogenatom; when X is —C═C—, -cycloalkylene-, -cycloalkylene-C₁₋₄-alkylene-O—,or nitrogen atom, said substituent X may have a substituentindependently selected from the definitions of R⁹ and R¹⁰;

W, Y and Z are independently selected from nitrogen atom and carbonatom, which are independently optionally substituted with R¹;

at least one of W, Y and Z is nitrogen and W, Y and Z are not carbon atthe same time;

R³, R⁴, R⁵ and R⁶ are independently selected from the group consistingof:

(1) hydrogen, (2) hydroxyl, (3) halogen, (4) C₁₋₆alkyl, which isunsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents independentlyselected from R⁷, (5) C₃₋₆cycloalkyl, which is unsubstituted orsubstituted with one or more substituents independently selected fromR⁷, (6) —O—C₁₋₆ alkyl, which is unsubstituted or substituted with one ormore substituents independently selected from R⁷, (7) —O—C₃₋₆cycloalkyl, which is unsubstituted or substituted with one or moresubstituents independently selected from R⁷, and (8) —NR⁷R⁸;

or R³ and R⁴ and the carbon atom to which they are attached form an oxogroup;

or R³ and R⁴ and the carbon atom to which they are attached form a C₃₋₆cycloalkyl ring, which is unsubstituted or substituted with R⁷;

or R⁵ and R⁶ and the carbon atom to which they are attached form an oxogroup;

or R⁵ and R⁶ and the carbon atom to which they are attached form aC₃₋₆cycloalkyl ring, which is unsubstituted or substituted with R⁷;

q is 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4; when q is one or more than one, R³ and R⁴ may besame or different;

r is 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4; when r is one or more than one, R⁵ and R⁶ may besame or different;

when (i) q is 1 and r is 0 or (ii) q is 0 and r is 1, X is not achemical bond;

R⁷ is selected from the group consisting of:

(1) hydrogen, (2) halogen, (3) hydroxyl, (4) —(C═O)_(m)—O_(l)—C₁₋₆alkyl, where the alkyl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or moresubstituents independently selected from R⁸, (5)—O_(l)—(C₁₋₃)perfluoroalkyl, (6) —(C═O)_(m)—O_(l)—C₃₋₆cycloalkyl, wherethe cycloalkyl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or moresubstituents independently selected from R⁸, (7) —(C═O)_(m)—C₂₋₄alkenyl,where the alkenyl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or moresubstituents independently selected from R⁸, (8) —(C═O)_(m)—O_(l)-phenylor —(C═O)_(m)—O_(l)-napthyl, where the phenyl or napthyl isunsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents independentlyselected from R⁸, (9) —(C═O)_(m)—O_(l)-heterocyclic group, where theheterocyclic group is unsubstituted or substituted with one or moresubstituents independently selected from R⁸, (10) —(C═O)_(m)—NR⁹R¹⁰,(11) —NR⁹R¹⁰, (12) —S(O)₂—NR⁹R¹⁰, (13) —S(O)_(t)—R⁹, where t is 0, 1 or2, (14) —CO₂H, (15) —CN, and (16) —NO₂;

wherein l is 0 or 1 and m is 0 or 1; when l is 0 or m is 0, a chemicalbond is present in the place of (C═O)_(m) or O_(l), and when l is 0 andm is 0, a chemical bond is present in the place of (C═O)_(m)—O_(l);

R⁸ is independently selected from the group consisting of:

(1) hydrogen, (2) hydroxyl, (3) halogen, (4) C₁₋₆ alkyl, (5)—C₃₋₆cycloalkyl, (6) -—O—C₁₋₆ alkyl, (7) —O(C═O)—C₁₋₆ alkyl (8) —NH—C₁₋₆alkyl, (9) phenyl, (10) heterocyclic group, and (11) —CN;

R⁹ and R¹⁰ are independently hydrogen or C₁₋₆ alkyl, which isunsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents independentlyselected from halogen, hydroxyl, and —O—C₁₋₆ alkyl; or R⁹ form a 4 to 7membered ring with R¹⁰ which may contain nitrogen atom, oxygen atom,sulfur atom or double bond, wherein the 4 to 7 membered ring isoptionally substituted with 1 to 6 substituents independently selectedfrom the group consisting of: (1) hydrogen, (2) hydroxyl, (3) halogen,(4) C₁₋₆ alkyl, which is unsubstituted or substituted with one or moresubstituents independently selected from R⁸, (5) C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl, whichis unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituentsindependently selected from R⁸, (6) —O—C₁₋₆ alkyl, which isunsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents independentlyselected from R⁸, and (7) —O—C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl, which is unsubstituted orsubstituted with one or more substituents independently selected fromR⁸;

Ar is aryl which is optionally substituted with 1 to 5 substituentsindependently selected from the group consisting of:

(1) halogen, (2) hydroxyl, (3) —O_(n)-phenyl or —O_(n)-napthyl, wherethe phenyl or napthyl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or moresubstituents independently selected from R⁷, (4) —O_(n)-heterocyclicgroup, where the heterocyclic group is unsubstituted or substituted withone or more substituents independently selected, from R⁷, (5)—O_(n)—C₁₋₆ alkyl, where the alkyl is unsubstituted or substituted withone or more substituents independently selected from R⁷, (6) —O_(p)—C₃₋₆cycloalkyl where the cycloalkyl is unsubstituted or substituted with oneor more substituents independently selected from R⁷, (7) —C₂₋₄ alkenyl,where the alkenyl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or moresubstituents independently selected from R⁷, (8) —(C═O)—NR⁹R¹⁰, (9)—NR⁹R¹⁰, (10) —S(O)₂NR⁹R¹⁰, (11) —NR⁹—S(O)₂R¹⁰, (12) —S(O)_(t)—R⁹, wheret is 0, 1 or 2, (13) —NR⁹(C═O)R¹⁰, (14) —CN, and (15) —NO₂;

wherein n is 0 or 1, when n is 0, a chemical bond is present in theplace of O_(n);

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

The present invention provides the compounds of the formula (II)

wherein

R is halogen, or C₁₋₆ alkyl, which is unsubstituted or substituted withone or more substituents independently selected from halogen, hydroxyl,and —O—C₁₋₆ alkyl;

v is 0, 1, 2, or 3; when v is two or more than two, R may be same ordifferent;

R¹ is —OCH₂CF₃ or —OCH₃;

R² is C₁₋₆ alkyl, which is unsubstituted or substituted with one or moresubstituents independently selected from halogen, hydroxyl, and —O—C₁₋₆alkyl;

R³ is independently selected from the group consisting of:

(1) halogen, (2) C₁₋₆ alkyl, which is unsubstituted or substituted withone or more substituents independently selected from R⁶, (3)C₃₋₆cycloalkyl, which is unsubstituted or substituted with one or moresubstituents independently selected from R⁶, (4) —O—C₁₋₆ alkyl, which isunsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents independentlyselected from R⁶, (5) —O—C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl, which is unsubstituted orsubstituted with one or more substituents independently selected fromR⁶, and (6) —NR⁷R⁸;

Preferable R³ is independently selected from the group consisting of:

(1) halogen, (2) C₁₋₆ alkyl, which is unsubstituted or substituted withone or more substituents independently selected from halogen;

w is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4; when w is two or more than two, R³ may be same ordifferent;

R⁴ and R⁵ are independently hydrogen, halogen, or C₁₋₆ alkyl which isunsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents independentlyselected from halogen, hydroxyl, and —O—C₁₋₆ alkyl;

Preferable R⁴ and R⁵ are independently hydrogen, halogen, or C₁₋₆ alkylwhich is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituentsindependently selected from halogen;

R⁶ is independently selected from the group consisting of:

(1) hydrogen, (2) hydroxyl, (3) halogen, (4) —O_(l)R⁷, (5) —CN, (6)—(C═O)—NR⁷R⁸, (7) —NR⁷R⁸, (8) —S(O)₂NR⁷R⁸, (9) —S(O)_(t)—R⁷, where t is0, 1 or 2, (10) —CN, and (11) —NO₂; wherein l is 0 or 1; when l is 0, achemical bond is present in the place of O_(l);

R⁷ and R⁸ are independently hydrogen, C₁₋₆ alkyl, or C₃₋₈ cycloalkyl,which are unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituentsindependently selected from halogen, hydroxyl, and —O—C₁₋₆ alkyl; or R⁷form a 4 to 7 membered ring with R⁸ which may contain nitrogen atom, oroxygen atom, wherein the 4 to 7 membered ring is optionally substitutedwith 1 to 6 substituents independently selected from the groupconsisting of: (1) hydrogen, (2) hydroxyl, (3) halogen, (4) C₁₋₆ alkyl,and (5) —O—C₁₋₆ alkyl;

p, q, and r are independently 0 or 1; when p is 0, both q and r are 1 orboth q and r are 0.

Y and Z are independently selected from nitrogen atom and carbon atom; Yand Z are not carbon atom at the same time;

when p is 0, Ar is selected from the group consisting of phenyl, indolyland quinolinyl; wherein Ar is optionally substituted with 1 to 5substituents independently selected from the group consisting of:

(1) halogen, (2) hydroxyl, (3) —O-phenyl or —O-napthyl, where the phenylor napthyl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituentsindependently selected from R⁶, (4) —O_(n)-heterocyclic group, where theheterocyclic group is unsubstituted or substituted with one or moresubstituents independently selected from R⁶, (5) —O_(n)—C₁₋₆ alkyl,where the alkyl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or moresubstituents independently selected from R⁶, (6) —O_(n)—C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl,where the cycloalkyl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or moresubstituents independently selected from R⁶, (7) —NR⁷R⁸, (8)—S(O)₂—NR⁷R⁸, (9) —S(O)_(t)R⁷, where t is 0, 1 or 2, (10) —NR⁷SO₂R⁸,(11) —(C═O)—NR⁷R⁸, (12) —NR⁷(C═O)R⁸, (13) —CN, and (14) —NO₂;

wherein preferable Ar is optionally substituted with 1 to 5 substituentsindependently selected from the group consisting of:

(1) halogen, (2) hydroxyl, (3) —O-phenyl, where the phenyl isunsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents independentlyselected from halogen, methyl, trifluoromethyl, and trifluoromethoxy,(4) —O_(n)-heterocyclic group, where the heterocyclic group isunsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents independentlyselected from halogen, methyl, trifluoromethyl, and trifluoromethoxy,(5) —O_(n)—C₁₋₆ alkyl, where the alkyl is unsubstituted or substitutedwith one or more substituents independently selected from halogen, (6)—O_(n)—C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl, where the cycloalkyl is unsubstituted orsubstituted with one or more substituents independently selected fromhalogen, and (7) —CN;

wherein n is 0 or 1, when n is 0, a chemical bond is present in theplace of O_(n);

when p is 1, Ar is aryl which is optionally substituted with 1 to 5substituents independently selected from the group consisting of:

(1) halogen, (2) hydroxyl, (3) —O_(n)-heterocyclic group, where theheterocyclic group is unsubstituted or substituted with one or moresubstituents independently selected from R⁶, (4) —O_(n)—C₁₋₆ alkyl,where the alkyl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or moresubstituents independently selected from R⁶, (5) —O_(n)—C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl,where the cycloalkyl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or moresubstituents independently selected from R⁶, (6) —NR⁷R⁸, (7)—S(O)₂—R⁷R⁸, (8) —S(O)_(t)—R⁷, where t is 0, 1 or 2, (9) —NR⁷SO₂R⁸, (10)—(C═O)—NR⁷R⁸, (11) —NR⁷(C═O)R⁸, (12) —CN, and (13) —NO₂;

when p is 1, preferable Ar is aryl which is optionally substituted with1 to 5 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of:

(1) halogen, (2) hydroxyl, (3) —O_(n)—C₁₋₆ alkyl, where the alkyl isunsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents independentlyselected from halogen, (4) —O_(n)—C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl, where the cycloalkylis unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituentsindependently selected from halogen, and (5) —CN;

wherein n is 0 or 1, when n is 0, a chemical bond is present in theplace of O_(n); or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

Suitable compounds of the invention are:

-   (R)-N-(1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)-2-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy)acetamide;-   (R)-3,5-dichloro-N-(1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)benzamide;-   (R)-N-(1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)quinoline-2-carboxamide;-   (1R,2R)-2-methyl-N-((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)-2-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)cyclopropanecarboxamide;-   (R)-4-tert-butyl-N-(1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)benzamide;-   (R)-N-(1-(6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)ethyl)-2-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy)acetamide;-   (R)-2-(p-tolyloxy)-N-(1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)acetamide;-   (R)-4-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-N-(1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)benzamide;-   (R)-N-(1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)-1H-indole-2-carboxamide;-   (R)-1-methyl-N-(1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)-1H-indole-2-carboxamide;-   (R)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)-N-(1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ehtyl)acetamide;-   (R)-2-(4-bromophenoxy)-N-(1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)acetamide;-   (R)-3-(3-fluorophenyl)-N-(1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)propanamide;-   (R)-3-methyl-N-(1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)benzofuran-2-carboxamide:-   (R)-5-tert-butyl-2-methyl-N-(1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)furan-3-carboxamide;-   (R)-N-(1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide;-   (R)-N-(1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide;-   (R)-5-phenyl-N-(1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)furan-3-carboxamide;-   (R)-3-fluoro-N-(1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)-5-trifluoromethyl)benzamide;-   (R)-3-fluoro-N-(1-5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide;-   (R)-4-fluoro-N-(1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide;-   (R)-2-methyl-N-(1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)-6-(trifluoromethyl)-2H-indazole-3-carboxamide;-   (R)-N-(1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)picolinamide;-   (R)-N-(1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)-1H-indole-3-carboxamide;-   (R)-1-methyl-N-(1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)1H-indole-3-carboxamide;-   (R)-3-(1H-indol-1-yl)-N-(1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)propanamide;-   (R)-1-methyl-N-(1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-indole-2-carboxamide;-   (R)-N-(1-(5-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)-5-fluoro-1H-indole-2-carboxamide;-   (R,E)-N-(1-(5-cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)3-(4-trifluoromethyl)phenyl)acrylamide-   (R,E)-N-(1-(5-benzyloxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)-3-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)acrylamide-   (R)-N-(1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)-2-(4-trifluoromethyl)phenyl)thiazole-4-carboxamide;-   (R)-3-(6-fluoro-1H-indol-1-yl)-N-(1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)propanamide;-   (R)-N-(1-(5-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)-3-(6-fluoro-1H-indol-1-yl)propanamide;-   (R)-N-(1-(5-(2-fluorobenzyloxy)pyridin-2-yl)-2-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy)acetamide;-   (R)-(5)-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-N-(1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)picolinamide;-   (R)-N-(1-(5-(pryidin-2-ylmethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)-2-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy)acetamide;-   N-((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-2-carboxamide;-   (R,E)-3-(1-indol-3-yl)-N-(1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)acrylamide-   (1R,2R)-N-((R)-1-(6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)ethyl)-2-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)cyclopropanecarboxamide;-   (R)-N-(1-(5-((1-methylcyclopropyl)methoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)-2-(4-trifluoromethyl)phenoxy)acetamide;-   trans-2-(7-fluoro-1H-indol-3-yl)-N-((R)-N-(1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecarboxamide;-   (R)-3-chloro-4-methyl-N-(1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)benzamide;-   (R)-4-tert-butyl-N-(1-(6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)ethyl)benzamide;-   (R)-3-chloro-N-(1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)benzamide;-   (R)-N-(1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)quinoxaline-2-carboxamide;-   (R)-4-methoxy-N-(1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)quinoline-2-carboxamide;-   (R)-5-isobutyl-N-(1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)isoxazole-3-carboxamide;-   (R)-3-(2-methylthiazol-4-yl)-N-(1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)benzamide;-   (R)-N-(1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)benzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxamide;-   (R)-3-(benzyloxy)-4-methoxy-N-(1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)benzamide;-   (R)-3-phenoxy-N-(1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)benzamide;-   (1S*,2S*)-2-(1H-indol-3-yl)-N-((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecarboxamide;-   (1R*,2R*)-2-(1H-indol-3-yl)-N-((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecarboxamide;-   (R)-5-chloro-1-methyl-N-(1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)-1H-indole-3-carboxamide;-   (R)-5-methoxy-1-methyl-N-(1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)-1H-indole-3-carboxamide;-   (R)-1,6-dimethyl-N-(1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)-1H-indole-3-carboxamide;-   (R)-6-fluoro-1-methyl-N-(1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)-1H-indole-3-carboxamide;-   (R)-5-methyl-N-(1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)-1H-indole-3-carboxamide;-   (R)-5-fluoro-N-(1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)-1H-indole-3-carboxamide;-   (R)-5-chloro-N-(1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)-1H-indole-3-carboxamide;-   (R)-6-chloro-N-(1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)-1H-indole-3-carboxamide;-   trans-2-(1H-indol-6-yl)-N-((R)-(1-(6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)ethyl)-cyclopropanecarboxamide;-   (R)-1,5-dimethyl-N-(1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)-1H-indole-2-carboxamide;-   (R)-5-fluoro-1-methyl-N-(1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)-1H-indole-2-carboxamide;-   (R)-5-chloro-1-methyl-N-(1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)-1H-indole-2-carboxamide;-   (R)-6-fluoro-1-methyl-N-(1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)-1H-indole-2-carboxamide;-   (R)-N-(1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)-4-trifluoromethoxy)benzamide;-   (R)-5-phenyl-N-(1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)-isoxazole-3-carboxamide;-   (R)-5-bromo-N-(1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)-1H-indole-2-carboxamide;-   (R)-6-chloro-1-methyl-N-(1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)-1H-indole-2-carboxamide;-   (R)-1-methyl-N-(1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)-5-(trifluoromethoxy)-1H-indole-2-carboxamide;-   (R)-N-(1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)-3-(trifluoromethoxy)benzamide;-   trans-2-(quinolin-7-yl)-N-((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecarboxamide;-   trans-2-(quinolin-7-yl)-N-((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyrazin-2-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecarboxamide;-   trans-2-(isoquinolin-3-yl)-N-((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecarboxamide;-   trans-2-(quinolin-3-yl)-N-((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyrazin-2-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecarboxamide;-   trans-2-((4-chlorophenoxy)methyl)-N-((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyrazin-2-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecarboxamide;-   trans-2-(2-fluoro-5-methoxyphenyl)-N-((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecarboxamide;-   trans-2-((1H-indol-1-yl)methyl)-N-((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecarboxamide;-   (R)-6-fluoro-1-methyl-N-(1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyrazin-2-yl)ethyl)-1H-indole-2-carboxamide;-   trans-2-(2,5-difluorophenyl)-N-((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecarboxamide;-   trans-N-((R)-1-(5-cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)-2-(2,5-difluorophenyl)cyclopropanecarboxamide;-   trans-2-(2,5-difluorophenyl)-N-((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyrazin-2-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecarboxamide;-   trans-N-((R)-1-(5-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)-2-(1H-indol-4-yl)cyclopropanecarboxamide;-   trans-2-(4-methoxy-3-methylphenyl)-N-((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecarboxamide;-   (1R*,2R*)-2-(1H-indol-6-yl)-N-((R)-N-(1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecarboxamide;-   trans-2-(quinolin-6-yl)-N-((R)-1-(6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecarboxamide;-   trans-2-(5-fluoro-1H-indol-2-yl)-N-((R)-1-(6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecarboxamide;-   trans-2-(quinolin-3-yl)-N-((R)-1-(6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecarboxamide;-   trans-2-(1H-indol-4-yl)-N-((R)-1-(6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecarboxamide;-   (1S*,2S*)-2-(8-chloroquinolin-2-yl)-N-((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyrazin-2-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecarboxamide;-   (R)-5-methoxy-N-(1-(6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)ethyl)-1H-indole-2-carboxamide;-   (R)-N-(1-(6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)ethyl)-4-(trifluoromethoxy)benzamide;-   (R)-3-phenoxy-N-(1-(6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)ethyl)benzamide;-   (R)-6-methoxy-N-(1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)quinoline-2-carboxamide;-   (1S*,2S*)-2-(1H-indol-2-yl)-N-((R)-1-(6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecarboxamide;-   (1R*,2R*)-2-(1H-indol-2-yl)-N-((R)-1-(6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecarboxamide;-   (1S*,2S*)-2-(1H-indol-2-yl)-N-((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyrazin-2-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecarboxamide;-   trans-2-(1-methyl-1H-indazol-6-yl)-N-((R)-1-(6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecarboxamide;-   (1R*,2R*)-2-(4-(benzyloxy)-N-((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecarboxamide;-   (R,E)-3-(quinolin-2-yl)-N-(1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)-acrylamide;-   (1S*,2S*)-N-((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)-2-(2,4,6-trifluorophenyl)cyclopropanecarboxamide;-   (1S*,2S*)-2-(3,5-difluorophenyl)-N-((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecarboxamide;-   (1S*,2S*)-2-(3-methoxyphenyl)-N-((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecarboxamide;-   (1S*,2S*)-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-N-((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecarboxamide;-   (1R*,2R*)-2-(2-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-N-((R)-1-(5-cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecarboxamide;-   (1R*,2R*)-N-((R)-1-(5-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)-2-(2-fluoro-4-methoxyphenyl)cyclopropanecarboxamide;-   (1S*,2S*)-N-((R)-1-(5-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)-2-(2,4,6-trifluorophenyl)cyclopropanecarboxamide;-   (1S*,2S*)-N-((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyrazin-2-yl)ethyl)-2-(2,4,6-trifluorophenyl)cyclopropanecarboxamide;-   (1R*,2R*)-N-((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyrazin-2-yl)ethyl)-2-(2,4,6-trifluorophenyl)cyclopropanecarboxamide;-   (1S*,2S*)-2-(1H-indol-4-yl)-N-((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyrazin-2-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecarboxamide;-   (1R*,2R*)-2-phenyl-N-((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecarboxamide;-   (1S*,2S*)-2-phenyl-N-((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyrazin-2-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecarboxamide;-   (1R*,2R*)-2-phenyl-N-((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyrazin-2-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecarboxamide;-   (1S*,2S*)-2-phenyl-N-((R)-1-(6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecarboxamide;-   (1R*,2R*)-2-phenyl-N-((R)-1-(6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecarboxamide;-   (1S*,2S*)-2-(1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-N-((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyrazin-2-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecarboxamide;-   (1S*,2S*)-2-(1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-N-((R)-1-(6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecarboxamide;-   (1R*,2R*)-2-(1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-N-((R)-1-(6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecarboxamide;-   (1S*,2S*)-2-(phenoxymethyl)-N-((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecarboxamide;-   (1S*,2S*)-2-((3-fluorophenxoy)methyl)-N-((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecarboxamide;-   (1S*,2S*)-2-((3-cyanophenoxy)methyl)-N-((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecarboxamide;-   (1S*,2S*)-2-((4-fluorophenoxyl)methyl)-N-((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecarboxamide;-   (1S*,2S*)-2-((4cyanophenoxy)methyl)-N-((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecarboxamide;-   (1R*,2R*)-2-(phenoxymethyl)-N-((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecarboxamide;-   (1R*,2R*)-2-((3-fluorophenoxy)methyl)-N-((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecarboxamide;-   (1R*,2R*)-2-((3cyanophenoxy)methyl)-N-((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecarboxamide;-   (1R*,2R*)-2-((4-fluorophenoxy)methyl)-N-((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecarboxamide;-   (1R*,2R*)-2-((4cyanophenoxy)methyl)-N-((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecarboxamide;-   (1S*,2S*)-2-(4-((3-methyloxetan-3-yl)methoxy)phenyl)-N-((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecarboxamide;-   (1S*,2S*)-N-((R)-1-(5-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)-2-(1H-indol-7-yl)cyclopropanecarboxamide;-   (1S*,2S*)-2-(phenoxymethyl)-N-((R)-1-(6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecarboxamide;-   (1R*,2R*)-2-(quinolin-2-yl)-N-((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecarboxamide;-   4-(benzyloxy)-3-methoxy-N-((6-(trifluoromethyl)-pyridin-3-yl)methyl)benzamide;-   2-(4-trifluoromethyl)phenoxy)-N-((6-trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl)methyl)acetamide;-   (R)-N-(1-(6-methyl-3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)-2-(4-trifluoromethyl)phenoxy)acetamide;-   (R)-5-fluoro-N-(1-(6-methyl-3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)-1H-indole-2-carboxamide;-   (S)-4-isopropyl-N-(1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)benzamide;-   (S)-2-(4-chlorophenoxy)-N-1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)acetamide;-   (S)-N-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-N-(1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)benzamide;-   (1S*,2S*)-2-(4-(benzyloxy)phenyl)-N-((S)-1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecarboxamide;-   (1R*,2R*)-2-(4benzyloxy)phenyl)-N-((S)-1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecarboxamide;-   (1S*,2S*)-2-(2-fluoro-4-methoxyphenyl)-N-((S)-1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecarboxamide;-   (1R*,2R*)-2-(2fluoro-4-methoxyphenyl)-N-((S)-1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecarboxamide;-   (1S*,2S*)-2-(2-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-N-((S)-1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecarboxamide;-   (1R*,2R*)-2-(2-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-N-((S)-1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecarboxamide;-   (1S*,2S*)-2-phenyl-N-((S)-1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecarboxamide;-   (1R*,2R*)-2-phenyl-N-((S)-1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecarboxamide;-   tert-butyl-   ((R)-1-oxo-1-(((R)-(1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)amino)-3-(2-trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)propan-2-yl)carbamate;-   tert-butyl-   ((R)-1-oxo-(((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2,-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)amino)-3-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)propan-2-yl)carbamate;-   (R)-N-(1-(5-(5-methoxypyridin-2-yl)ethyl)-3-phenoxybenzamide;-   (R)-2-hydroxy-4-phenyl-N-((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)-butanamide;-   tert-butyl-   ((S)-1-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-oxo-3-(((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)amino)propyl)carbamate;-   tert-butyl-   ((R)-1-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-oxo-3-(((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)amino)propyl)carbamate;-   tert-butyl-   ((R)-3-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-oxo-1-(((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)amino)propan-2-yl)carbamate;-   tert-butyl-   ((S)-3-(2-chlorophenyl)-1-oxo-1-(((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-    yl)ethyl)amino)propan-2-yl)carbamate;-   tert-butyl-   ((S)-3-(2-fluorophenyl)-1-oxo-1-(((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)amino)propan-2-yl    )carbamate;-   (R)-2-(2-chlorophenoxy)-N-1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)acetamide;-   (R)-2-(3-chlorophenoxy)-N-1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)acetamide;-   (R)-2-(2-chlorophenoxy)-2-methyl-N-1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)propanamide;-   (R)-2-(2,3-dichlorophenoxy)-N-1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)acetamide;-   (R)-2-(o-tolyloxy)-N-1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)acetamide;-   (R)-2-(m-tolyloxy)-N-1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)acetamide;-   (R)-2-(2,4-dimethylphenoxy)-N-1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)acetamide;-   (R)-2-(2-chloro-6-methylphenoxy)-N-1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)acetamide;-   (R)-2-(4-tert-butyl)phenoxy)-N-1-(5-methoxypyridin-2-yl)ethyl)acetamide;-   (R)-2-amino-N-((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)-3-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)propanamide;-   isobutyl-   ((R)-1-oxo-1-(((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)amino)-3-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)propan-2-yl)carbamate;-   ethyl-   ((R)-1-oxo-1-(((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)amino)-3-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)propan-2-yl)carbamate;-   N-((5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)methyl)-3-(trifluoromethoxy)benzamide;-   4-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-N-((5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)methyl)benzamide-   6-fluoro-1-methyl-N-((5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)methyl)-1H-indole-2-carboxamide;-   3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-N-((5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)methyl)benzamide;-   (R)-N-(1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)-2-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy)acetamide;-   (R)-N-(1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)-2-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy)acetamide;-   (R)-N-(1-(5-methoxypyridin-2-yl)ethyl)-2-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy)acetamide;-   (R)-3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-N-(1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)benzamide;-   (R)-N-(1-(5-methoxypyridin-2-yl)ethyl-2-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)thiazole-4-carboxamide;-   (R)-N-(1-(5-methoxypyridin-2-yl)ethyl-1-methyl-5-(trifluoromethoxy)-1H-indole2-carboxamide;-   (R)-2-(4-chlorophenoxy)-N-(1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyrazin-2-yl)ethyl)acetamide;-   (R)-5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-N-(1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)picolinamide;-   (R)-N-(1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)-3-(trifluoromethoxy)benzamide;-   (R)-4-fluoro-3-phenoxy-N-(1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)benzamide;-   4-(tert-butyl)-N-((6-methoxypyridin-3-yl)methyl)benzamide;-   N-((6-methoxypyridin-3-yl)methyl)-2-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy)acetamide;-   4-(tert-butyl)-N-((5-methoxypyridin-2-yl)methyl)benzamide;-   (S)-4-(tert-butyl)-N-(1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)benzamide;-   (S)-N-(1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)-3-(trifluoromethoxy)benzamide;-   (S)-N-(1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)-4-(trifluoromethoxy)benzamide;-   (S)-3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-N-(1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)benzamide;-   (R)-N-(1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyrazin-2-yl)ethyl)-4-(trifluoromethoxy)benzamide;-   (R)-4-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-N-(1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyrazin-2-yl)ethyl)benzamide;-   (R)-3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-N-(1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyrazin-2-yl)ethyl)benzamide;-   4-(tert-butyl)-N-((5-trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl)methyl)benzamide;-   3-trifluoromethoxy)-N-((5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl)methyl)benzamide;-   4-(trifluoromethoxy)-N-((5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl)methyl)benzamide;-   4-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-N-((5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl)methyl)benzamide;-   3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy))-N-((5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl)methyl)benzamide;-   4-(tert-butyl)-N-((6-(piperidin-1-yl)pyridin-3-yl)methyl)benzamide;-   N-((6-(piperidin-1-yl)pyridin-3-yl)methyl)-3-(trifluoromethoxy)benzamide;-   N-((6-(piperidin-1-yl)pyridin-3-yl)methyl)-4-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)benzamide;-   4-(tert-butyl)-N-((6-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)pyridin-3-yl)methyl)benzamide;-   N-((6-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)pyridin-3-yl)methyl)-3-(trifluoromethoxy)benzamide;-   N-((6-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)pyridin-3-yl)methyl)-4-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)benzamide;-   4-(tert-butyl)-N-((6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl)methyl)benzamide;-   3-trifluoromethoxy)-N-((6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl)methyl)benzamide;-   4-(tert-butyl)-N-((6-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)pyridin-2-yl)methyl)benzamide;-   N-((6-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)pyridin-2-yl)methyl)-3-(trifluoromethoxy)benzamide;-   N-((6-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)pyridin-2-yl)methyl)-4-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)benzamide;-   (R)-4-chloro-2-methoxy-N-(1-(5-(2,2,2-(trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)benzamide;-   (R)-4-(2-cyanopropan-2-yl)-N-(1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)benzamide;-   (R)-3-chloro-4-methoxy-N-(1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)benzamide;-   (R)-6-methoxy-1-methyl-N-(1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)-1H-indole-2-carboxamide;-   (R)-N-(1-(6-methyl-3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)-3-(trifluoromethoxy)benzamide;-   (R)-N-(1-(6-methyl-3-(2,2,2-(trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)-4-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)benzamide;-   (S)-2-(3-chlorophenoxy)-N-(1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)acetamide;-   2-(3-chlorophenoxy)-N-((5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)methyl)acetamide;-   (R)-2-(3-chlorophenoxy)-N-(1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyrazin-2-yl)ethyl)acetamide;-   (R)-4-ethyl-N-(1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)benzamide;-   (R)-3-fluoro-4-methyl-N-(1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)benzamide;-   (R)-5-chloro-2-methoxy-N-(1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)benzamide;-   (R)-N-(1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyrazin-2-yl)ethyl)quinoxaline-2-carboxamide;-   (R)-N-(1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)picolinamide;-   and salts thereof.

Also, the present invention provides the use of a compound of formula(I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, each as describedherein, for the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of acondition or disorder mediated by T-type calcium channels or voltagegated sodium channels; in particular, T-type calcium channels blockingactivity or voltage gated sodium channels blocking activity. In order touse the compounds of formula (I) and pharmaceutically acceptable saltsthereof in therapy, they will normally be formulated into apharmaceutical composition in accordance with standard pharmaceuticalpractice. The present invention also provides a pharmaceuticalcomposition, which comprises a compound of formula (I) or apharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a pharmaceuticallyacceptable carrier or excipient.

Preferably, the present invention also provides the use of a compound offormula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, each asdescribed herein, for the manufacture of a medicament for the treatmentof diseases selected from T-type calcium channels related diseases orvoltage gated sodium channels related diseases.

Also, the present invention provides the use of a compound of theformula (I) or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, each asdescribed herein, for the manufacture of a medicament for the treatmentof a condition or disorder in which voltage gated sodium channels areinvolved, as described in formula (I) herein wherein when Y is nitrogenatom, and at the same time (i) q is 1 and r is 0 or (ii) q is 0 and r is1, then X may be a chemical bond;

or as described in formula (I) herein wherein when Y is carbon atom, Zis nitrogen atom, W is nitrogen atom, and at the same time (i) q is 1and r is 0 or (ii) q is 0 and r is 1, then X may be a chemical bond;

the definition of the other descriptors is the same as described herein.

Also, the present invention provides a pharmaceutical compositioncomprising a compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptablesalt thereof, each as described herein, together with a pharmaceuticallyacceptable carrier for said compound.

Also, the present invention provides a pharmaceutical compositioncomprising a compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptablesalt thereof, each as described herein, together with a pharmaceuticallyacceptable carrier for said compound and another pharmacologicallyactive agent.

Also, the present invention provides a process for preparing apharmaceutical composition, the process comprising mixing a compound offormula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and apharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient.

Also, the present invention provides an intermediate in a process forpreparing a compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptablesalt thereof.

Further, the present invention provides a method of treatment of acondition or disorder mediated by T-type calcium channels blockingactivity or voltage gated sodium channels blocking activity, in amammalian subject, which comprises administering to a mammal in need ofsuch treatment a therapeutically effective amount of a compound offormula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, each asdescribed herein.

In a further aspect, the present invention provides a process forpreparing a pharmaceutical composition, the process comprising mixing acompound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereofand a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient.

Examples of conditions or disorders mediated by T-type calcium channelsblocking activity or voltage gated sodium channels blocking activityinclude, but are not limited to, T-type calcium channels relateddiseases or voltage gated sodium channels related diseases. Thecompounds of the present invention show the T-type calcium channelsblocking activity or voltage gated sodium channels blocking activity.The compounds of the present invention may show less toxicity, goodabsorption, distribution, good solubility, less protein binding affinityother than T-type calcium, channels or voltage gated sodium channels,less drug-drug interaction, good metabolic stability, reduced inhibitoryactivity at HERG channel and reduced QT prolongation.

As appreciated by those of skill in the art, “halogen” or “halo” as usedherein are intended to include fluoro, chloro, bromo and iodo.Similarly, C₁₋₆, as in C₁₋₆ alkyl is defined to identify the group ashaving 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 carbons in a linear or branched arrangement,such that C₁₋₈ alkyl specifically includes methyl, ethyl, n-propyl,iso-propyl, n-butyl, iso-butyl, tert-butyl, pentyl, and hexyl.Similarly, C₂₋₆alkenyl is defined to identify the group as having 2, 3,4, 5 or 6 carbons which incorporates at least one double bond, which maybe in a E- or a Z- arrangement. A group which is designated as beingindependently substituted with substituents may be independentlysubstituted with multiple numbers of such substituents.

The term “alkenyl”, as used herein, means a hydrocarbon, radical havingat least one double bond including, but not limited to, ethenyl,propenyl, 1-butenyl, 2-butenyl and the like.

The term “cycloalkyl”, as used herein, means a mono- or bicyclic ring,but not limited to, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl cyclohexyl,cycloheptyl norboranyl, and adamantyl groups and the like.

The term “aryl”, as used herein, means mono- or bi-carbocyclic or mono-or bi-heterocyclic ring which may contain 0-4 heteroatoms selected fromO, N and S, but not limited to, phenyl, furyl, thienyl, oxazolyl,tetrazolyl, thiadiazolyl, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrrolyl, thiophenyl,pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, isooxazolyl, isothiazolyl, triazolyl, furazanyl,naphthyl, tetrahydronaphthyl, indanyl benzofuranyl, isobenzofuranyl,benzothiophenyl, indolyl, isoindolyl, benzoxazolyl, benzothiazolyl,indazolyl, benzoimidazolyl, benzotriazolyl, imidazopyridinyl,pyrazolopyrimidinyl, quinolyl, isoquinolyl, cinnolinyl, naphthyridinyl,phthalazinyl, quinazolinyl, quinoxalinyl, triazolopyrimidinyl, and thesaid rings which are fully or partially saturated, such aspyridin-2-onyl, piperidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, tetrehydronaphthalenyl, andthe like.

The term “heterocyclic group” as used herein includes both unsaturatedand saturated heterocyclic moieties, wherein the unsaturated,heterocyclic moieties (i.e. “heteroaryl”) include benzoimidazolyl,benzimidazolonyl, benzofuranyl, benzofurazanyl, benzopyrazolyl,benzotriazolyl, benzothiophenyl, benzoxazolyl, carbazolyl, carbolinyl,cinnolinyl, furanyl, imidazolyl, indolinyl, indolyl, indolazinyl,indazolyl, isobenzofuranyl, isoindolyl, isoquinolyl, isothiazolyl,isoxazolyl, naphthpyridinyl, oxadiazolyl, oxazolyl, oxazoline,isoxazoline, oxetanyl, pyrazinyl, pyrazolyl, pyridazinyl,pyridopyridinyl, pyridazinyl, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrrolyl,quinazolinyl, quinolyl, quinoxalinyl, tetrazolyl, tetrazolopyridyl,thiadiazolyl, thiazolyl, thienyl, triazolyl, and N-oxides thereof, andwherein the saturated heterocyclic moieties include azetidinyl,1,4-dioxanyl, hexahydroazepinyl, piperazinyl, piperidinyl,pyridin-2-onyl, pyrrolidinyl, morpholinyl, tetrahydrofuranyl,thiomorpholinyl, and tetrahydrothienyl, and N-oxides thereof andS-oxides thereof.

The term “C₀”, as used herein, means direct bond.

The term “protecting group”, as used herein, means a hydroxy or aminoprotecting group which is selected from typical hydroxy or aminoprotecting groups described in Protective Groups in Organic Synthesisedited by T. W. Greene et al. (John Wiley & Sons, 1991);

The term “treating” and “treatment”, as used herein, refers to curative,palliative and prophylactic treatment, including reversing, alleviating,inhibiting the progress of, or preventing the disorder or condition towhich such term applies, or one or more symptoms of such disorder orcondition.

As used herein, the article “a” or “an” refers to both the singular andplural form of the object to which it refers unless indicated otherwise.

Included within the scope of the “compounds of the invention” are allsalts, solvates, hydrates, complexes, polymorphs, prodrugs, radiolabeledderivatives, stereoisomers and optical isomers of the compounds offormula (I).

The compounds of formula (I) can form acid addition salts thereof. Itwill be appreciated that for use in medicine the salts of the compoundsof formula (I) should be pharmaceutically acceptable. Suitablepharmaceutically acceptable salts will be apparent to those skilled inthe art and include those described in J. Pharm. Sci, 1977, 66, 1-19,such as acid addition salts formed with inorganic acids e.g.hydrochloric, hydrobromic, sulfuric, nitric or phosphoric acid; andorganic acids e.g. succinic, maleic, formic, acetic, trifluoroacetic,propionic, fumaric, citric, tartaric, benzoic, p-toluenesulfonic,methanesulfonic or naphthalenesulfonic acid. Certain of the compounds offormula (I) may form acid addition sails with one or more equivalents ofthe acid. The present invention includes within its scope all possiblestoichiometric and non-stoichiometric forms. In addition, certaincompounds containing an acidic function such as a carboxy can beisolated in the form of their inorganic salt in which the counter ioncan be selected from sodium, potassium, lithium, calcium, magnesium andthe like, as well as from organic bases.

The compounds of formula (I) and salts thereof may be prepared incrystalline or non-crystalline form, and, if crystalline, may optionallybe hydrated or solvated. This invention includes within its scopestoichiometric hydrates or solvates as well as compounds containingvariable amounts of water and/or solvent.

Salts and solvates having non-pharmaceutically acceptable counter-ionsor associated solvents are within the scope of the present invention,for example, for use as intermediates in the preparation of othercompounds of formula (I) and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts.

The compounds of formula (I) may have polymorphs in crystalline form,which are within the scope of the present invention.

Additionally, the compounds of formula (I) may be administered asprodrugs. As used herein, a “prodrug” of a compound of formula (I) is afunctional derivative of the compound which, upon administration to apatient, eventually liberates the compound of formula (I) in vivo.Administration of a compound of formula (I) as a prodrug may enable theskilled artisan to do one or more of the following: (a) modify the onsetof action of the compound in vivo; (b) modify the duration of action ofthe compound in vivo; (c) modify the transportation or distribution ofthe compound in vivo; (d) modify the solubility of the compound in vivo;and (e) overcome a side effect or other difficulty encountered with thecompound. Typical functional derivatives used to prepare prodrugsinclude modifications of the compound that are chemically orenzymatically cleaved in vivo. Such modifications, which include thepreparation of phosphates, amides, esters, thioesters, carbonates, andcarbamates, are well known to those skilled in the art.

In certain of the compounds of formula (I), there may be some chiralcarbon atoms. In such cases, compounds of formula (I) exist asstereoisomers. The invention extends to all optical isomers such assteieoisomeric forms of the compounds of formula (I) includingenantiomers, diastereoisomers and mixtures thereof, such as racemates.The different stereoisomeric forms may be separated or resolved one fromthe other by conventional methods or any given isomer may be obtained byconventional stereoselective or asymmetric syntheses.

Certain of the compounds herein can exist in various tautomeric formsand it is to be understood that the invention encompasses ail suchtautomeric forms.

The invention also includes isotopically-labeled compounds, which areidentical to those described herein, but for the fact that one or moreatoms are replaced by an atom having an atomic mass or mass numberdifferent from the atomic mass or mass number usually found in nature.Examples of isotopes that can be incorporated into compounds of theinvention include isotopes of hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen,phosphorous, fluorine, iodine, and chlorine, such as ³H, ¹¹C, ¹⁴C ¹⁸F,¹²³I and ¹²⁵I. Compounds of the invention that contain theaforementioned isotopes and/or other isotopes of other atoms are withinthe scope of the present invention. Isotopically-labeled compounds ofthe present invention, for example those into which radioactive isotopessuch as ³H, ¹⁴C are incorporated, are useful in drug and/or substratetissue distribution assays. Tritiated, i.e., ³H, and carbon-14, i.e.,¹⁴C, isotopes are particularly preferred for their ease of preparationand detectability. ¹¹C and ¹⁸F isotopes are particularly useful in PET(positron emission tomography), and ¹²⁵I isotopes are particularlyuseful in SPECT (single photon emission computerized tomography), alluseful in brain imaging. Further, substitution with heavier isotopessuch as deuterium, i.e., ²H, can afford certain therapeutic advantagesresulting from greater metabolic stability, for example increased invivo half-life or reduced dosage requirements and, hence, may bepreferred in some circumstances. Isotopically labeled compounds of theinvention can generally be prepared by carrying out the proceduresdisclosed in the Schemes and/or in the Examples below, then substitutinga readily available isotopically labeled reagent for a non-isotopicallylabeled reagent.

The potencies and efficacies of the compounds of this invention forT-type calcium channels or voltage gated sodium channels can bedetermined by methodology well known in the art, including the “Ca²⁺influx Assay”, “Electrophysiology assay for T-type Ca²⁺”, “FRET Assayfor Navs” and “Electrophysiology assay for Navs” as described herein.Compounds of formula (I) have demonstrated blocking activity at theT-type calcium channels, using the assays described herein.

The intrinsic T-type calcium channels blocking activity or voltage gatedsodium channels blocking activity of a compound which may be used in thepresent invention may be determined by these assays. In particular, thecompounds of the following examples had activity in blocking the T-typecalcium channel or voltage gated sodium channels in the aforementionedassays, generally with an IC₅₀ of less than about 10 microM, preferablyless than about 1 microM, more preferably less than about 0.3 microM.Some of the compounds within the present invention had activity inblocking the T-type calcium channels or voltage gated sodium channels inthe aforementioned assays with an IC₅₀ of less than about 1 microM. Sucha result is indicative of the intrinsic activity of the compounds in useas blockers of T-type calcium channels activity or voltage gated sodiumchannels activity.

With respect to other compounds disclosed in the art, the presentcompounds exhibit unexpected properties, such as with respect toduration of action and/or metabolism, such as increased metabolicstability, enhanced oral bioavailability or absorption, and/or decreaseddrug-drug interactions.

T-type calcium channels have been implicated in a wide range ofbiological functions. This has suggested a potential role for thesereceptors in a variety of disease processes in humans or other species.The compounds of the present invention have utility in treating,preventing, ameliorating, controlling or reducing the risk of a varietyof neurological and psychiatric disorders associated with calciumchannels, including one or more of the following conditions or diseases:movement disorders, including akinesias and akinetic-rigid syndromes(including Parkinson's disease, drug-induced parkinsonism,postencephalitic parkinsonism, progressive supranuclear palsy, multiplesystem atrophy, corticobasal degeneration, parkinsonism-ALS dementiacomplex and basal ganglia calcification), chronic fatigue syndrome,fatigue, including Parkinson's fatigue, multiple sclerosis fatigue,fatigue caused by a sleep disorder or a circadian rhythm disorder,medication-induced parkinsonism (such as neurolepticinducedparkinsonism, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, neuroleptic-induced acutedystonia, neuroleptic-induced acute akathisia, neuroleptic-inducedtardive dyskinesia and medication induced postural tremor), Gilles de laTourette's syndrome, seizure disorders, epilepsy, and dyskinesias[including tremor (such as rest tremor, essential tremor, posturaltremor and intention tremor), chorea (such as Sydenham's chorea,Huntington's disease, benign hereditary chorea, neuroacanthocytosis,symptomatic chorea, drug-induced chorea and hemiballism), myoclonus(including generalised myoclonus and focal myoclonus), tics (includingsimple tics, complex tics and symptomatic tics), restless leg syndromeand dystonia (including generalised dystonia such as iodiopathicdystonia, drug-induced dystonia, symptomatic dystonia and paroxymaldystonia, and focal dystonia such as blepharospasm, oromandibulardystonia, spasmodic dysphonia, spasmodic torticollis, axial dystonia,dystonic writer's cramp and hemiplegic dystonia); heart disease,abnormal heart rhythms and arrythmias, myocardial infarction, congestiveheart failure, coronary heart disease, sudden death, stroke, sexual andreproductive dysfunction, such as impaired fertility, infertility,diseases or disorders where abnormal oscillatory activity occurs in thebrain, including depression, migraine, neuropathic pain, Parkinson'sdisease, psychosis and schizophrenia, as well as diseases or disorderswhere there is abnormal coupling of activity, particularly through thethalamus; enhancing cognitive function; enhancing memory; increasingmemory retention; increasing trained performance; increasing immuneresponse; increasing immune function; hot flashes; night sweats;extending life span; schizophrenia; muscle-related disorders that arecontrolled by the excitation/relaxation rhythms imposed by the neuralsystem such as cardiac rhythm and other disorders of the cardiovascularsystem; conditions related to proliferation of cells such asvasodilation or vasorestriction and blood pressure; cancer; cardiacarrhythmia; hypertension; congestive heart failure; conditions of thegenital/urinary system; disorders of sexual function and fertility;adequacy of renal function; responsivity to anesthetics; sleepdisorders, sleep disturbances, including enhancing sleep quality,improving sleep quality, increasing sleep efficiency, augmenting sleepmaintenance; increasing the value which is calculated from the time thata subject sleeps divided by the time that a subject is attempting tosleep; improving sleep initiation; decreasing sleep latency or onset(the time it takes to fall asleep); decreasing difficulties in fallingasleep; increasing sleep continuity; decreasing the number of awakeningsduring sleep; decreasing intermittent wakings during sleep; decreasingnocturnal arousals; decreasing the time spent awake following theinitial onset of sleep; increasing the total amount of sleep; reducingthe fragmentation of sleep; altering the timing, frequency or durationof REM sleep bouts; altering the timing, frequency or duration of slowwave (i.e. stages 3 or 4) sleep bouts; increasing the amount andpercentage of stage 2 sleep; promoting slow wave sleep; enhancingEEG-delta activity during sleep; increasing the amount of Delta sleepearly in the sleep cycle, increasing REM sleep late in the sleep cycle;decreasing nocturnal arousals, especially early morning awakenings;increasing daytime alertness; reducing daytime drowsiness; treating orreducing excessive daytime sleepiness; increasing satisfaction with theintensity of sleep; increasing sleep maintenance; idiopathic insomnia;sleep problems; insomnia, hypersomnia, idiopathic hypersomnia,repeatability hypersomnia, intrinsic hypersomnia, narcolepsy,interrupted sleep, sleep apnea, obstructive sleep apnea, wakefulness,nocturnal myoclonus, REM sleep interruptions, jet-lag, shift workers'sleep disturbances, dyssomnias, night terror, insomnias associated withdepression, emotional/mood disorders, Alzheimer's disease or cognitiveimpairment, as well as sleep walking and enuresis, and sleep disorderswhich accompany aging; Alzheimer's sundowning; conditions associatedwith circadian rhythmicity as well as mental and physical disordersassociated with travel across time zones and with rotating shift-workschedules, conditions due to drugs which cause reductions in REM sleepas a side effect; fibromyalgia; syndromes which are manifested bynon-restorative sleep and muscle pain or sleep apnea which is associatedwith respiratory disturbances during sleep; conditions which result froma diminished quality of sleep; mood disorders, such as depression ormore particularly depressive disorders, for example, single episodic orrecurrent major depressive disorders and dysthymic disorders, or bipolardisorders, for example, bipolar I disorder, bipolar II disorder andcyclothymic disorder, mood disorders due to a general medical condition,and substance-induced mood disorders; anxiety disorders including acutestress disorder, agoraphobia, generalized anxiety disorder,obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic attack, panic disorder,post-traumatic stress disorder, separation anxiety disorder, socialphobia, specific phobia, substance-induced anxiety disorder and anxietydue to a general medical condition; acute neurological and psychiatricdisorders such as cerebral deficits subsequent to cardiac bypass surgeryand grafting, stroke, ischemic stroke, cerebral ischemia, spinal cordtrauma, head trauma, perinatal hypoxia, cardiac arrest, hypoglycemicneuronal damage; Huntington's Chorea; amyotrophic lateral sclerosis;multiple sclerosis; ocular damage; retinopathy; cognitive disorders;idiopathic and drug-induced Parkinson's disease; muscular spasms anddisorders associated with muscular spasticity including tremors,epilepsy, convulsions; cognitive disorders including dementia(associated with Alzheimer's disease, ischemia, trauma, vascularproblems or stroke, HIV disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington'sdisease, Pick's disease, Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease, perinatal hypoxia,other general medical conditions or substance abuse); delirium, amnesticdisorders or age related cognitive decline; schizophrenia or psychosisincluding schizophrenia (paranoid, disorganized, catatonic orundifferentiated), schizophreniform disorder, schizoaffective disorder,delusional disorder, brief psychotic disorder, shared psychoticdisorder, psychotic disorder due to a general medical condition andsubstance-induced psychotic disorder; substance-related disorders andaddictive behaviors (including substance-induced delirium, persistingdementia, persisting amnestic disorder, psychotic disorder or anxietydisorder; tolerance, dependence or withdrawal from substances includingalcohol, amphetamines, cannabis, cocaine, hallucinogens, inhalants,nicotine, opioids, phencyclidine, sedatives, hypnotics or anxiolytics);attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD); conduct disorder;migraine (including migraine headache); urinary incontinence; overactivebladder (DAB); urge urinary incontinence (UUI); lower urinary tractsymptoms (LUTS); substance tolerance, substance withdrawal (including,substances such as opiates, nicotine, tobacco products, alcohol,benzodiazepines, cocaine, sedatives, hypnotics, etc.); psychosis;schizophrenia; anxiety (including generalized anxiety disorder, panicdisorder, and obsessive compulsive disorder); mood disorders (includingdepression, mania, bipolar disorders); trigeminal neuralgia; hearingloss; tinnitus; neuronal damage including ocular damage; retinopathy;macular degeneration of the eye; emesis; brain edema; pain, includingacute pain, chronic pain, severe pain, intractable pain, inflammatorypain, chronic inflammatory pain, diabetic neuropathy, chronicneuropathic pain, post-traumatic pain, bone and joint pain(osteoarthritis), repetitive motion pain, dental pain, cancer pain,myofascial pain (muscular injury, fibromyalgia), perioperative pain(general surgery, gynecological), chronic pain, neuropathic pain,post-traumatic pain, trigeminal neuralgia, migraine and migraineheadache.

Thus, in an embodiment the present invention provides methods for:treating, controlling, ameliorating or reducing the risk of epilepsy,including absence epilepsy; treating or controlling Parkinson's disease;treating essential tremor; treating or controlling pain, includingneuropathic pain; enhancing the quality of sleep; augmenting sleepmaintenance; increasing REM sleep; increasing slow wave sleep;decreasing fragmentation of sleep patterns; treating insomnia; enhancingcognition; increasing memory retention; treating or controllingdepression; treating or controlling psychosis; or treating, controlling,ameliorating or reducing the risk of schizophrenia, in a mammalianpatient in need thereof which comprises administering to the patient atherapeutically effective amount of the compound of the presentinvention. The subject compounds are further useful in a method for theprevention, treatment, control, amelioration, or reduction of risk ofthe diseases, disorders and conditions noted herein.

In a similar fashion to T-type calcium channels, tetrodotoxin-sensitive(TTX-S) voltage gated sodium channels such as Na_(V1.3) and Na_(V1.7)have been also implicated in a wide range of biological functions. Thishas suggested a potential role for these receptors in a variety ofdisease processes in humans or other species. The compounds of thepresent invention have utility in treating, preventing, ameliorating,controlling or reducing the risk of a variety of neurological andpsychiatric disorders associated with TTX-S sodium channels, includingone or more of the following conditions or diseases: pain, acute pain,chronic pain, neuropathic pain, inflammatory pain, visceral pain,nociceptive pain, multiple sclerosis, neurodegenerative disorder,irritable bowel syndrome, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis,neuropathological disorders, functional bowel disorders, inflammatorybowel diseases, pain associated with dysmenorrhea, pelvic pain,cystitis, pancreatitis, migraine, cluster and tension headaches,diabetic neuropathy, peripheral neuropathic pain, sciatica, fibromyalgiaCrohn's disease, epilepsy or epileptic conditions, bipolar depression,tachyarrhythmias, mood disorder, bipolar disorder, psychiatric disorderssuch as anxiety and depression, myotonia, arrhythmia, movementdisorders, neuroendocrine disorders, ataxia, incontinence, visceralpain, trigeminal neuralgia, herpetic neuralgia, general neuralgia,postherpetic neuralgia, radicular pain, sciatica, back pain, head orneck pain, severe or intractable pain, breakthrough pain, postsurgicalpain, stroke, cancer pain, seizure disorder and causalgia.

The dosage of active ingredient in the compositions of this inventionmay be varied, however, it is necessary that the amount of the activeingredient be such that a suitable dosage form is obtained. The activeingredient may be administered to patients (animals and human) in needof such treatment in dosages that will provide optimal pharmaceuticalefficacy.

The selected dosage depends upon the desired therapeutic effect, on theroute of administration, and on the duration of the treatment. The dosewill vary from patient to patient depending upon the nature and severityof disease, the patient's weight, special diets then being followed by apatient, concurrent medication, and other factors which those skilled inthe art will recognize.

Generally, dosage levels of between 0.0001 to 20 mg/kg of body weightdaily are administered to the patient, e.g., humans and elderly humans,to obtain effective blockage of T-type calcium channel. The dosage rangewill generally be about 0.5 mg to 1.0 g per patient per day which may beadministered in single or multiple doses.

In one embodiment, the dosage range will be about 0.5 mg to 500 mg perpatient per day; in another embodiment about 0.5 mg to 200 mg perpatient per day; in another embodiment about 1 mg to 100 mg per patientper day; and in another embodiment about 5 mg to 50 mg per patient perday; in yet another embodiment about 1 mg to 30 mg per patient per day.Pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention may be provided ina solid dosage formulation such as comprising about 0.5 mg to 500 mgactive ingredient, or comprising about 1 mg to 250 mg active ingredient.The pharmaceutical composition may be provided in a solid dosageformulation comprising about 1 mg, 5 mg, 10 mg, 25 mg, 50 mg, 100 mg,200 mg or 250 mg active ingredient. For oral administration, thecompositions may be provided in the form of tablets containing 1.0 to1000 milligrams of the active ingredient, such as 1, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25,50, 75, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 400, 500, 600, 750, 800, 900, and 1000milligrams of the active ingredient for the symptomatic adjustment ofthe dosage to the patient to be treated. The compounds may beadministered on a regimen of 1 to 4 times per day, such as once or twiceper day.

The compounds of the present invention may be used in combination withone or more other drugs in the treatment, prevention, control,amelioration, or reduction of risk of diseases or conditions for whichcompounds of the present invention or the other drugs may have utility,where the combination of the drugs together are safer or more effectivethan either drug alone. Such other drug(s) may be administered, by aroute and in an amount commonly used therefore, contemporaneously orsequentially with a compound of the present invention. When a compoundof the present invention is used contemporaneously with one or moreother drugs, a pharmaceutical composition in unit dosage form containingsuch other drugs and the compound of the present invention isenvisioned. However, the combination therapy may also include therapiesin which the compound of the present invention and one or more otherdrugs are administered on different overlapping schedules. It is alsocontemplated that when used in combination with one or more other activeingredients, the compounds of the present invention and the other activeingredients may be used in lower doses than when each is used singly.

Accordingly, the pharmaceutical compositions of the present inventioninclude those that contain one or more other active ingredients, inaddition to a compound of the present invention. The above combinationsinclude combinations of a compound of the present invention not onlywith one other active compound, but also with two or more other activecompounds.

Likewise, compounds of the present invention may be used in combinationwith other drugs that are used in the prevention, treatment, control,amelioration, or reduction of risk of the diseases or conditions forwhich compounds of the present invention are useful. Such other drugsmay be administered, by a route and in an amount commonly usedtherefore, contemporaneously or sequentially with a compound of thepresent invention. When a compound of the present invention is usedcontemporaneously with one or more other drugs, a pharmaceuticalcomposition containing such other drugs in addition to the compound ofthe present invention is envisioned. Accordingly, the pharmaceuticalcompositions of the present invention include those that also containone or more other active ingredients, in addition to a compound of thepresent invention.

The weight ratio of the compound of the compound of the presentinvention to the second active ingredient may be varied and will dependupon the effective dose of each ingredient. Generally, an effective doseof each will be used. Thus, for example, when a compound of the presentinvention is combined with another agent, the weight ratio of thecompound of the present invention to the other agent will generallyrange from about 1000:1 to about 1:1.000, including about 200:1 to about1:200. Combinations of a compound of the present invention, and otheractive ingredients will generally also be within the aforementionedrange, but in each case, an effective dose of each active ingredientshould be used. In such combinations the compound of the presentinvention and other active agents may be administered separately or inconjunction. In addition, the administration of one element may be priorto, concurrent to, or subsequent to the administration of otheragent(s).

A T-type calcium channels blocker or voltage gated sodium channelsblocker may be usefully combined with same or another pharmacologicallyactive compound, or with two or more same or other pharmacologicallyactive compounds, particularly in the treatment of inflammatory, painand urological diseases or disorders. For example, a T-type calciumchannels blocker or a voltage gated sodium channels blocker,particularly a compound of formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptablesalt or solvate thereof, as defined above, may be administeredsimultaneously, sequentially or separately in combination with one ormore agents selected from:

-   -   an opioid analgesic, e.g. morphine, heroin, hydromorphone,        oxymorphone, levorphanol, levallorphan, methadone, meperidine,        fentanyl, cocaine, codeine, dihydrocodeine, oxycodone,        hydrocodone, propoxyphene, nalmefene, nalorphine, naloxone,        naltrexone, buprenorphine, butorphanol, nalbuphine or        pentazocine;    -   a nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug (NSAID), e.g. aspirin,        diclofenac, diflusinal, etodolac, fenbufen, fenoprofen,        flufenisal, flurbiprofen, ibuprofen, indomethacin, ketoprofen,        ketorolac, meclofenamic acid, mefenamic acid, meloxicam,        nabumetone, naproxen, nimesulide, nitroflurbiprofen, olsalazine,        oxaprozin, phenylbutazone, piroxicam, sulfasalazine, sulindac,        tolmetin or zomepirac;    -   a barbiturate sedative, e.g. amobarbital, aprobarbital,        butabarbital, butabital, mephobarbital, metharbital,        methohexital, pentobarbital, phenobartital, secobarbital,        talbutal, theamylal or thiopental;    -   a benzodiazepine having a sedative action, e.g.        chlordiazepoxide, clorazepate, diazepam, flurazepam, lorazepam,        oxazepam, temazepam or triazolam;    -   an H1 antagonist having a sedative action, e.g. diphenhydramine,        pyrilamine, promethazine, chlorpheniramine or chlorcyclizine;    -   a sedative such as glutethimide, meprobamate, methaqualone or        dichloralphenazone;    -   a skeletal muscle relaxant, e.g. baclofen, carisoprodol,        chlorzoxazone, cyclobenzaprine, methocarbamol or orphrenadine;    -   an NMDA receptor antagonist, e.g. dextromethorphan

-   ((+)-3-hydroxy-N-methylmorphinan) or its metabolite dextrorphan

-   ((+)-3-hydroxy-N-methylmorphinan), ketamine, memantine,    pyrroloquinoline quinine,

-   cis-4-(phosphonomethyl)-2-piperidinecarboxylic acid, budipine,    EN-3231 (MorphiDex(registered trademark), a combination formulation    of morphine and dextromethorphan), topiramate, neramexane or    perzinfotel including an NR²B antagonist, e.g. ifenprodil,    traxoprodil or

-   (−)-(R)-6-{2-[4-(3-fluorophenyl)-4-hydroxy-1-piperidinyl]-1-hydroxyethyl-3,4-dihydro-2(1H)-quinolinone;    -   an alpha-adrenergic, e.g. doxazosin, tamsulosin, clonidine,        guanfacine, dexmetatomidine, modafinil, or

-   4-amino-6,7-dimethoxy-2-(5-methane-sulfonamido-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinol-2-yl)-5-(2-pyridyl)quinazoline;    -   a tricyclic antidepressant, e.g. despiramine, imipramine,        amitriptyline or nortriptyline;    -   an anticonvulsant, e.g. carbamazepine, lamotrigine, topiratmate        or valproate;    -   a tachykinin (NK) antagonist, particularly an NK-3, NK-2 or NK-1        antagonist, e.g.        alphaR,9R)-7-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzyl)-8,9,10,11-tetrahydro-9-methyl-5-(4-methylphenyl)-7H-[1,4]diazocino[2,1-g][1,7]-naphthyridine-6-13-dione        (TAK-637),        5-[[(2R,3S)-2-[(1R)-1-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy-3-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-morpholinyl]-methyl]-1,2-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazol-3-one        (MK-869), aprepitant, lanepitant, dapitant or

-   3-[[2-methoxy-5-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-methylamino]-2-phenylpiperidine    (2S,3S);    -   a muscarinic antagonist, e.g oxybutynin, tolterodine,        propiverine, tropsium chloride, darifenacin, solifenacin,        temiverine and ipratropium;    -   a COX-2 selective inhibitor, e.g. celecoxib, rofecoxib,        parecoxib, valdecoxib, deracoxib, etoricoxib, or lumiracoxib:    -   a coal-tar analgesic, in particular paracetamol;    -   a neuroleptic such as droperidol, chlorpromazine, haloperidol,        perphenazine, thioridazine, mesoridazine, trifluoperazine,        fluphenazine, clozapine, olanzapine, risperidone, ziprasidone,        quetiapine, sertindole, aripiprazole, sonepiprazole,        blonanserin, iloperidone, perospirone, raclopride, zotepine,        bifeprunox, asenapine, lurasidone, amisulpride, balaperidone,        palindore, eplivanserin, osanetant, rimonabant, meclinertant,        Miraxion(registered trademark) or sarizotan;    -   a vanilloid receptor agonist (e.g. resinferatoxin) or antagonist        (e.g. capsazepine);    -   a beta-adrenergic such as propranolol;    -   a local anaesthetic such as mexiletine;    -   a corticosteroid such as dexamethasone;    -   a 5-HT receptor agonist or antagonist, particularly a 5-HT1B/1D        agonist such as eletriptan, sumatriptan, naratriptan,        zolmitriptan or rizatriptan;    -   a 5-HT2A receptor antagonist such as

-   R(+)-alpha-(2,3-dimethoxy-phenyl)-1-[2-(4-fluorophenylethyl)]-4-piperidinemethanol    (MDL-100907);    -   a cholinergic (nicotinic) analgesic, such as ispronicline        (TC-1734),

-   (E)-N-methyl-4-(3-pyridinyl)-3-buten-1-amine (RJR-2403),

-   (R)-5-(2-azetidinylmethoxy)-2-chloropyridine (ABT-594) or nicotine;    -   Tramadol(registered trademark);    -   a PDEV inhibitor, such as

-   5-[2-ethoxy-5-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl-sulphonyl)phenyl]-1-methyl-3-n-propyl-1,6-dihydro-7H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-7-one    (sildenafil),

-   (6R,12aR)-2,3,6,7,12,12a-hexahydro-2-methyl-6-(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)-pyrazin[2′,1′:6,1]-pyrido[3,4-b]indole-1,4-dione    (1C-351 or tadalafil),

-   2-[2-ethoxy-5-(4-ethyl-piperazin-1-yl-1-sulphonyl)-phenyl]-5-methyl-7-propyl-3H-imidazo[5,1-f][1,2,4]triazin-4-one    (vardenafil),

-   5-(5-acetyl-2-butyoxy-3-pyridinyl)-3-ethyl-2-(1-ethyl-3-azetidinyl)-2,6-dihydro-7H-pyrazolol[4,3-d]pyrimidin-7-one,

-   5-(5-acetyl-2-propoxy-3-pyridinyl)-3-ethyl-2-(1-isopropyl-3-azetidinyl)-2,6-dihydro-7H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-7-one,

-   5-[2-ethoxy-5-(4-ethylpiperazin-1-ylsulphonyl)pyridin-3-yl]-3-ethyl-2-[2-methoxyethyl]-2,6-dihydro-7H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-7-one,

-   4-[(3-chloro-4-methoxybenzyl)amino]-2-[(2S)-2-(hydroxymethyl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]-N-(pyrimidin-2-ylmethyl)pyrimidine-5-carboxamide,

-   3-(1-methyl-7-oxo-3-propyl-6,7-dihydro-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl)-N-[2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl]-4-propoxybenzenesulfonamide;    -   an alpha-2-delta ligand such as gabapentin, pregabalin,        3-methylgabapentin, (1alpha,3 alpha, 5        alpha)(3-amino-methyl-bicyclo[3.2.0]hept-3-yl)-acetic acid,        (3S,5R)-3 aminomethyl-5 methyl-heptanoic acid, (3S,5R)-3 amino-5        methyl-heptanoic acid, (3S,5R)-3-amino-5 methyl-octanoic acid,        (2S,4S)-4-(3-chlorophenoxy)proline,        (2S,4S)-4-(3-fluorobenzyl)-proline,

-   [(1R,5R,6S)-6-(aminomethyl)bicyclo[3.2.0]hept-6-yl]acetic acid,

-   3-(1-aminomethyl-cyclohexylmethyl)-4H-[1,2,4]oxadiazol-5-one,    C-[1-(1H-tetrazol-5-ylmethyl)-cycloheptyl]-methylamine,

-   (3S,4S)-(1-aminomethyl-3,4-dimethyl-cyclopentyl)-acetic acid,    (3S,5R)-3aminomethyl-5 methyl-octanoic acid    (3S,5R)-3amino-5methyl-nonanoic acid,

-   (3S,5R)-3amino-5 methyl-octanoic acid,    (3R,4R,5R)-3-amino-4,5-dimethyl-heptanoic acid and    (3R,4R,5R)-3-amino-4,5-dimethyl-octanoic acid;    -   a cannabinoid;    -   metabotropic glutamate subtype 1 receptor (mGluR1) antagonist;    -   a serotonin reuptake inhibitor such as sertraline, sertraline        metabolite demethylsertraline, fluoxetine, norfluoxetine        (fluoxetine desmethyl metabolite), fluvoxamine, paroxetine,        citalopram, citalopram metabolite desmethylcitalopram,        escitalopram, d,l-fenfluramine, femoxetine, ifoxetine,        cyanodothiepin, litoxetine, dapoxetine, nefazodone, cericlamine        and trazodone;    -   a noradrenaline (norepinephrine) reuptake inhibitor, such as        maprotiline, lofepramine, mirtazepine, oxaprotiline, fezolamine,        tomoxetine, mianserin, buproprion, buproprion metabolite        hydroxybuproprion, nomifensine and viloxazine (VivalanR),        especially a selective noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor such as        reboxetine, in particular (S,S)-reboxetine;    -   a dual serotonin-noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor, such as        venlafaxine, venlafaxine metabolite O-desmethylvenlafaxine,        clomipramine, clomipramine metabolite desmethylclomipramine,        duloxetine, milnacipran and imipramine;    -   an inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) inhibitor such as        S-[2-[(1-iminoethyl)amino]ethyl]-L-homocysteine,        S-[2-[(1-iminoethyl)-amino]ethyl]-4,4-dioxo-L-cysteine,        S-[2-[(1-iminoethyl)amino]ethyl]-2-methyl-L-cysteine,        (2S,5Z)-2-amino-2-methyl-7-[(1-iminoethyl)amino]-5-heptenoic        acid,        2-[[(1R,3S)-3-amino-4-hydroxy-1-(5-thiazolyl)-butyl]thiol]-5-chloro-3-pyridinecarbonitrile;        2-[[(1R,3S)-3-amino-4-hydroxy-1-(5-thiazolyl)butyl]thiol]-4-chlorobenzonitrile,        (2S,4R)-2-amino-4-[[2-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]thio]-5-thiazolebutanol,        2-[[(1R,3S)-3-amino-4-hydroxyl-1-(5-thiazolyl)butyl]thio]-6-(trifluoromethyl)-3pyridinecarbonitrile,        2-[[(1R,3S)-3-amino-4-hydroxy-1-(5-thiazolyl)butyl]thiol]-5-chlorobenzonitrile,        N-[4-[2-(3-chlorobenzylamino)ethyl]phenyl]thiophene-2-carboxamidine,        or guanidinoethyldisulfide;    -   an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor such as donepezil;    -   a prostaglandin E2 subtype 4 (EP4) antagonist such as        N-[({2-[4-(2-ethyl-4,6-dimethyl-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridin-1-yl)phenyl]ethyl}amino)-carbonyl]-4-methylbenzesulfonamide        or        4-[(1S)-1-({[5-chloro-2-(3-fluorophenoxy)pyridin-3-yl]carbonyl}amino)ethyl]benzoic        acid;    -   a leukotriene B4 antagonist; such as

-   1-(3-biphenyl-4-ylmethyl-4-hydroxy-chroman-7-yl)-cyclopentanecarboxylic    acid (CP-105696),    5-[2-(2-Carboxyethyl)-3-[6-(4-methoxyphenyl)-5E-hexenyl]oxyphenoxy]-valeric    acid (ONO-4057) or DPC-11870,    -   a 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor, such as zileuton,        6-[(3-fluoro-5-[4-methoxy-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-])phenoxy-methyl]-1-methyl-2-quinolone        (ZD-2138), or 2,3,5-trimethyl-6-(3-pyridylmethyl),        1,4-benzoquinone (CV-6504);    -   a sodium channel blocker, such as lidocaine;    -   a calcium channel blocker, such as ziconotide, zonisamide,        mibefrazil;    -   a 5-HT3 antagonist, such as ondansetron;

and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates thereof.

Such combinations offer significant advantages, including synergisticactivity, in therapy.

A pharmaceutical composition of the invention, which may be prepared byadmixture, suitably at ambient temperature and atmospheric pressure, isusually adapted for oral, parenteral or rectal administration and, assuch, may be in the form of tablets, capsules, oral liquid preparations,powders, granules, lozenges, reconstitutable powders, injectable orinfusible solutions or suspensions or suppositories. Orally administratecompositions are generally preferred. Tablets and capsules for oraladministration may be in unit dose form, and may contain conventionalexclpients, such as binding agents (e.g. pregelatinised maize starch,polyvinylpyrrolidone or hydroxypropyl methylcellulose); fillers (e.g.lactose, microcrystalline cellulose or calcium hydrogen phosphate);tabletting lubricants (e.g. magnesium stearate, talc or silica);disintegrants (e.g. potato starch or sodium starch glycollate); andacceptable wetting agents (e.g. sodium lauryl sulphate). The tablets maybe coated according to methods well known in normal pharmaceuticalpractice.

Oral liquid preparations may be in the form of, for example, aqueous oroily suspension, solutions, emulsions, syrups or elixirs, or may be inthe form of a dry product for reconstitution with water or othersuitable vehicle before use. Such liquid preparations may containconventional additives such as suspending agents (e.g. sorbitol syrup,cellulose derivatives or hydrogenated edible fats), emulsifying agents(e.g. lecithin or acacia), non-aqueous vehicles (which may includeedible oils e.g. almond oil, oily esters, ethyl alcohol or fractionatedvegetable oils), preservatives (e.g. methyl or propyl-p-hydroxybenzoatesor sorbic acid), and, if desired, conventional, flavourings orcolorants, buffer salts and sweetening agents as appropriate.Preparations for oral administration may be suitably formulated to givecontrolled release of the active compound or pharmaceutically acceptablesalt thereof.

For parenteral administration, fluid unit dosage forms are preparedutilising a compound of formula (I) or pharmaceutically acceptable saltthereof and a sterile vehicle. Formulations for injection may bepresented in unit dosage form e.g. in ampoules or in multi-dose,utilising a compound, of formula (I) or pharmaceutically acceptable saltthereof and a sterile vehicle, optionally with an added preservative.The compositions may take such forms as suspensions, solutions oremulsions in oily or aqueous vehicles, and may contain formulatoryagents such as suspending, stabilising and/or dispersing agents.Alternatively, the active ingredient may be in powder form forconstitution with a suitable vehicle, e.g. sterile pyrogen-free water,before use. The compound, depending on the vehicle and concentrationused, can be either suspended or dissolved in the vehicle. In preparingsolutions, the compound can be dissolved for injection and filtersterilised before filling into a suitable vial or ampoule and sealing.Advantageously, adjuvants such as a local anaesthetic, preservatives andbuffering agents are dissolved in the vehicle. To enhance the stability,the composition can be frozen after filling into the vial and the waterremoved under vacuum. Parenteral suspensions are prepared insubstantially the same manner, except that the compound is suspended inthe vehicle instead of being dissolved, and sterilisation cannot beaccomplished by filtration. The compound can be sterilised by exposureto ethylene oxide before suspension in a sterile vehicle.Advantageously, a surfactant or wetting agent is included in thecomposition to facilitate uniform distribution of the compound.

Lotions may be formulated with an aqueous or oily base and will ingeneral also contain one or more emulsifying agents, stabilising agents,dispersing agents, suspending agents, thickening agents, or colouringagents. Drops may be formulated with an aqueous or non-aqueous base alsocomprising one or more dispersing agents, stabilising agents,solubilising agents or suspending agents. They may also contain apreservative.

The compounds of formula (I) or pharmaceutically acceptable saltsthereof may also be formulated in rectal compositions such assuppositories or retention enemas, e.g. containing conventionalsuppository bases such as cocoa butter or other glycerides.

The compounds of formula (I) or pharmaceutically acceptable salts mayalso be formulated as depot preparations. Such long acting formulationsmay be administered by implantation (for example subcutaneously orintramuscularly) or by intramuscular injection. Thus, for example, thecompounds of formula (I) or pharmaceutically acceptable salts may beformulated with suitable polymeric or hydrophobic materials (for exampleas an emulsion in an acceptable oil) or ion exchange resins, or assparingly soluble derivatives, for example, as a sparingly soluble salt.

For intranasal administration, the compounds formula (I) orpharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof may be formulated as solutionsfor administration via a suitable metered or unitary dose device oralternatively as a powder mix with a suitable carrier for administrationusing a suitable delivery device. Thus compounds of formula (I) orpharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof may be formulated for oral,buccal, parenteral, topical (including ophthalmic and nasal), depot orrectal administration or in a form suitable for administration byinhalation or insufflation (either through the mouth or nose). Thecompounds of formula (I) and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereofmay be formulated for topical administration in the form of ointments,creams, gels, lotions, pessaries, aerosols or drops (e.g. eye, ear ornose drops). Ointments and creams may, for example, be formulated withan aqueous or oily base with the addition of suitable thickening and/orgelling agents. Ointments for administration to the eye may bemanufactured in a sterile manner using sterilized components.

General Synthesis

Throughout the instant application, the following abbreviations are usedwith the following meanings:

-   DIBAL-H Diisoburylaluminium hydride-   DMF N,N-dimethylformamide-   DMSO Dimethyl sulfoxide-   EDC 1-Ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide Hydrochloride-   HOBT 1-Hydroxybenztriazole-   HBTU O-(Benzotriazol-1-yl)-N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyluronium    Hexafluorophosphate-   HPLC High pressure liquid chromatography-   TEMPO 2,2,6,6-Tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy-   tR Retention time-   MHz Megahertz-   NMR Nuclear Magnetic Resonance-   TEA Trifluoroacetic acid-   THF Tetrahydrofuran-   TLC Thin layer chromatography

The term of “base” is likewise no particular restriction on the natureof the bases used, and any base commonly used in reactions of this typemay equally be used here. Examples of such bases include: alkali metalhydroxides, such as lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassiumhydroxide, and barium hydroxide; alkali metal hydrides, such as lithiumhydride, sodium hydride, and potassium hydride; alkali metal alkoxides,such as sodium methoxide, sodium ethoxide, and potassium t-butoxide;alkali metal carbonates, such as lithium carbonate, sodium carbonate,potassium carbonate, and cesium carbonate; alkali metalhydrogencarbonates, such as lithium hydrogencarbonate, sodiumhydrogenearbonate, and potassium hydrogenearbonate; amines, such asN-methylmorpholine, triethylamine, tripropylamine, tributylamine,diisopropylethylamine, N-methylpiperidine, pyridine,4-pyrrolidinopyridine, picoline, 2,6-di(t-butyl)-4-methylpyridine,quinoline, N,N-dimethylaniline, N,N-diethylaniline,1,5-diazabicyclo[4.3.0]non-5-ene (DBN), 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane(DABCO), 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU), lutidine, andcolidine; alkali metal amides, such as lithium amide, sodium amide,potassium amide, lithium diisopropyl amide, potassium diisopropyl amide,sodium diisopropyl amide, lithium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide and potassiumbis(trimethylsilyl)amide. Of these, triethylamine,diisopropylethylamine, DBU, DBN, DABCO, pyridine, lutidine, colidine,sodium carbonate, sodium hydrogencarbonate, sodium hydroxide, potassiumcarbonate, potassium hydrogencarbonate, potassium hydroxide, bariumhydroxide, and cesium carbonate are preferred.

The reactions are normally and preferably effected in the presence ofinert solvent. There is no particular restriction on the nature of thesolvent to be employed, provided that it has no adverse effect on thereaction or the reagents involved and that it can dissolve reagents, atleast to some extent. Examples of suitable solvents include, but notlimited to: halogenated hydrocarbons, such as dichloromethane,chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, and dichloroethane; ethers, such asdiethyl ether, diisopropyl ether, THF, and dioxane; aromatichydrocarbons, such as benzene, toluene and nitrobenzene; amides, suchas, DMF, N,N-dimethylacetamide, and hexamethylphosphoric triamide;amines, such as N-methylmorpholine, triethylamine, tripropylamine,tributylamine, diisopropylethylamine, N-methylpiperidine, pyridine,4-pyrrolidinopyridine, N,N-dimethylaniline, and N,N-diethylaniline;alcohols, such as methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, and butanol;nitriles, such as acetonitrile and benzonitrile; sulfoxides, such asdimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and sulfolane; ketones, such as acetone anddiethylketone. Of these solvents, including but not limited to DMF,DMSO, THF, diethylether, diisopropylether, dimethoxyethane,acetonitrile, dichloromethane, dichloroethane and chloroform arepreferred.

EXAMPLES

The invention is illustrated in the following non-limiting examples inwhich, unless stated otherwise: all reagents are commercially available,all operations were carried out at room, or ambient temperature, thatis, in the range of about 18-25° C.; evaporation of solvent was carriedout using a rotary evaporator under reduced pressure with a bathtemperature of up to about 60° C.; reactions were monitored by thinlayer chromatography (tlc) and reaction times are given for illustrationonly; the structure and purity of all isolated compounds were assured byat least one of the following techniques: tlc (Merck silica gel 60 F₂₅₄precoated TLC plates or Merck NH₂ F₂₅₄ precoated HPTLC plates), massspectrometry or nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Yields are given forillustrative purposes only. Flash column chromatography was carried outusing Merck silica gel 60 (230-400 mesh ASTM) or Fuji SilysiaChromatorex(registered trademark) DU3050 (Amino Type, 30-50 micrometer)or Biotage silica (32-63 micrometer, KP-Sil) or Biotage amino boundedsilica (35-75 micrometer, KP-NH) or Hi-Flash Column™ (40 micrometer,Silica gel). Low-resolution mass spectral data (ESI) were obtained bythe following apparatus and conditions: Apparatus; Waters Alliance HPLCsystem on ZQ or ZMD mass spectrometer and UV detector. NMR data wasdetermined at 270 MHz (JEOL JNM-LA 270 spectrometer) or 300 MHz (JEOLJNM-LA300) using deuterated chloroform (99.8% D) or dimethylsulfoxide(99.9% D) as solvent unless indicated otherwise, relative totetramethylsilane (TMS) as internal standard in parts per million (ppm);conventional abbreviations used are: s=singlet, d=doublet, t=triplet,q=quartet, m=multiplet, br=broad, etc. Chemical symbols have their usualmeanings:

-   μm (micrometers)), μL (microliter(s)), μg (microgram(s)), M (mol(s)    per liter), L(liter(s)), mL (milliliters)), g (gram(s)), mg    (milligram(s)), mol (moles), mmol (millimoles).

Purification Methods:

Achiral Reversed-Phase HPLC:

Apparatus: Waters MS-trigger Autopurification™ System (2525 Binary pumpmodule, 2767 Sample manager, 2996 PDA detector and ZQ2000 massspectrometer)

Column: XBridge™ Prep C185 μm, 19×50 mm

Column temperature: ambient (room temperature)

Flow rate: 20 mL/min

Mobile phase A: Methanol or Acetonitrile/0.05% (v/v) formic acid aqueoussolution

Mobile phase B: Methanol or Acetonitrile/0.05% (v/v) ammonia aqueoussolution

Elution: Optimized gradient program with selected mobile phases

Run time: 7 min

MPLC:

Apparatus: Biotage SP System

Column: Hi-Rash™ Column Silica gel 40 μm, 60 Å

Column Temperature: room temperature

Solvents:

-   -   Less polar solvent: hexane    -   High polar solvent: ethyl acetate

Chiral Noraml Phase HPLC:

Apparatus: Shimadzu Preparative-HPLC system

Column: DAICEL Chiralpak AD-H, 20×250 mm

-   -   DAICEL Crtiralpak AS-H, 20×250 mm    -   DAICEL Chiralcel OJ-H, 20×250 mm    -   DAICEL Chiralcel OD-H, 20×250 mm

Column temperature: 40° C.

Solvents:

-   -   A1: n-Hexane    -   B1: Ethanol or 2-propanol

Elution: Optimized isocratic condition with the selected column andmobile phases

Purity Evaluation Method:

Method A:

Apparatus: Waters Acquity Ultra Performance LC on TUV Detector and ZQmass spectrometer

Column: XTerra MS C18 3.5 μm, 2.1×30 mm

Column Temperature: 45° C.

Solvents:

-   -   A1: acetonitrile    -   B1: 5 mM ammonium acetate aqueous solution

TABLE 1 Time (min) A1 (%) B1 (%) 0  4 96  2 96 4 4 96 4 run time 4.0 minflow 0.5 mL/min

Method B:

Achiral Reversed-Phase-UPLC:

Apparatus: Waters ACQUITY Ultra Performance LC (UPLC™ ) with TUVDetector and ZQ2000 mass spectrometer

Column: Waters ACQUITY UPLC™ BEH C18, 2.1×100 mm, 1.7 μm

Column temperature: 60° C.

Flow rate: 0.7 mL/min

Solvents:

-   -   A1: 10 mM ammonium acetate aqueous solution    -   B1: Acetonitrile

TABLE 2 Eluting program: Time (min) A1 (%) B1 (%) 0 95 5 0.1 95 5 1.8 595 2.3 95 5 Run time: 3 min

All of the aryl substituted carboxamide derivatives of the formula (I)can be prepared by the procedures described in the general methodspresented below or by the specific methods described in the Examplessection and the Preparations section, or by routine modificationsthereof. The present invention also encompasses any one or more of theseprocesses for preparing the aryl substituted carboxamide derivatives offormula (I), in addition to any novel intermediates used therein.

In the following general methods, Ar, W, X, Y, Z, R¹, R², R³, R⁴, R⁵,R⁶, p, q and r are as previously defined for aryl substitutedcarboxamide derivatives of the formula (I) unless otherwise stated.

In Step A, a compound of formula (I) can be prepared from a compound offormula (III) by amidation with a compound of formula (II) with using asuitable condensation agent such as EDC, preferably under the presenceof a base such as a combination of trimethylamine and HOBT, in asuitable solvent such as dichloromethane at a temperature of from 5 to40° C. for 5-20 hours.

In order to obtain some other compounds of formula (I), the appropriateconversion reaction of the substituents will be used.

For example, alkyl substituted derivatives can be prepared from acompound of the corresponding halide by coupling reaction with asuitable boronic acid using a suitable catalyst such as tetra klstriphenylphosphine palladium under the presence of a base such aspotassium phosphate and a suitable solvent such as dioxane at atemperature of from 5 to 90° C. for 12-24 hours; cyclopropanederivatives can be prepared from a compound of the corresponding alpha,beta-unsaturated, amide by cyclization reaction with a suitable alkyldiiodide using a suitable reagent such as diethylzinc in a suitablesolvent such as dichloromethane at a temperature of from 5 to 90° C. for12-24 hours or by cyclization reaction with a suitable trialkylsulfoxonium halide such as trimethylsulfoxonium iodide and suitable basesuch as sodium hydride in a suitable solvent such as DMSO at atemperature of from 5 to 90° C. for 1-24 hours; hydroxyl derivatives canbe prepared from a compound of the corresponding benzyloxy derivative byhydrogenation with a suitable palladium catalyst such as hydroxylpalladium in a suitable solvent such as ethanol under hydrogen; etherderivatives can be prepared from a compound of the correspondinghydroxyl derivative by alkylation with alkyl alcohol under the presenceof a condensation reagent such as di-ter-butyl azodicarboxylate andtriphenyl phosphine and base such as N-N-diisopropylethylamine and asuitable solvent such as tetrahydrofuran or with alkyl halide under thepresence of a base such as potassium carbonate and a suitable solventsuch as dimethylforamide; N-alkylated derivatives can be prepared from acompound of the corresponding NH-amide derivative by alkylation with asuitable alkyl halide using a base such as sodium, hydride in a suitablesolvent such as dimethylformiamide;

All starting materials in the following general syntheses may becommercially available or obtained by conventional methods known tothose skilled in the art, otherwise noted in the intermediate synthesispart.

Intermediate Synthesis Part

Amine Intermediate-1(R)-1-(5-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethanamine 2 HCL Salt Step-1:5-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-2-methylpyridine

To a solution of 6-methylpyridin-3-ol (5.0 g, 46 mmol) in DMF (45 mL)were added cesium carbonate (16.5 g, 53 mmol) and(bromomethyl)cyclopropane (7.1 g, 53 mmol) at room temperature. Afterbeing stirred at room temperature for 18 hours, the mixture was pouredinto H₂O, and the aqueous phase was extracted with ethyl acetate(twice). The combined organic layers were dried over magnesium sulfateand concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by columnchromatography on silica gel eluting with hexane/ethyl acetate (3:1(v/v)) to give 3.9 g (52% yield) of the title compound as a yellow oil:

¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.20 (1H, d, J=2.9 Hz), 7.04-7.14 (2H, m),3.82 (2H, d, J=6.6 Hz), 2.49 (3H, s), 1.21-1.34 (1H, m), 0.67 (2H, q,J=7.3 Hz), 0.37 (2H, q, J=5.9 Hz), LCMS (Method A) m/z: M+1 obs 164.3 ,tR=2.07 min.

Step-2: (5-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)methanol

To a solution of 5-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-2-methylpyridine (3.9 g, 24mmol) in dichloromethane (50 mL) was added 3-chlorobenzoperoxoic acid(7.6 g, 32 mmol) at room temperature. After being stirred at roomtemperature for 1 hour, the mixture was poured into saturated aqueoussodium bicarbonate solution. The organic phase was extracted withdichloromethane (twice). The combined organic layers were dried overmagnesium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was dissolvedin acetic anhydride (50 mL) and the mixture was stirred at 100° C. for 2hours. Half of the solvent was removed under the reduced pressure. Theresidue was dissolved into methanol (50 mL). Potassium carbonate (20 g,143 mmol) was added to the mixture carefully. The mixture was stirred atroom temperature for 1 hour. The mixture was poured into H₂O, and theaqueous phase was extracted with ethyl acetate (twice). The combinedorganic layers were dried over magnesium sulfate and concentrated invacuo. The residue was purified by column chromatography on silica geleluting with hexane/ethyl acetate (1:1 (v/v)) to give 4.5 g(quantitative yield) of the title compound as a brown oil:

¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.25 (1H, d, J=2.9 Hz), 7.21 (1H, dd, J=8.8,2.9 Hz), 7.17 (1H, d, J=8.8 Hz), 4.70 (2H, s), 3.85 (2H, d, J=7.4 Hz),1.28 (1H, m), 0.75-0.63 (2H, m), 0.40-0.28 (2H, m), LCMS (Method A) m/z:M+1 obs 180.3, tR=2.09 min.

Step-3(R,E)-N-((5-cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)methylene)-2-methylpropane-2-sulfinamide

To a solution of (5-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)methanol (4.5 g, 25mmol) in dichloromethane (50 ml), was added a 15% potassium bromideaqueous solution (20 mL) followed by a saturated bicarbonate solution(20 ml). The biphasic mixture was cooled in an ice bath and TEMPO (200mg, 1.3 mmol) was added. After stirring for 10 min, 5% sodiumhypochlorite (30 ml) was dropwised. The reaction mixture was stirred for10 min. The solution was poured into a separator funnel and the organiclayer was dried over magnesium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo. Theresidue was dissolved in dichloromethane (50 mL). Copper(II) sulfate(10.1 g, 63 mmol) followed by (R)-(+)-2-methyl-2-propanesulfinamide (3.1g, 25 mmol) were added to the mixture respectively and the mixture wasstirred for 18 hours at room temperature. The reaction mixture wasfiltrated off and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo. The residuewas purified by column chromatography on silica gel eluting withhexane/ethyl acetate (1:1 (v/v)) to give 6.2 g (87% yield) of the titlecompound as a flaky solid:

¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.63 (1H, S), 8.42 (1H, d, J=2.2 Hz), 7.96(1H, d, J=8.8 Hz), 7.34-7.28 (1H, m), 3.92 (2H, d, J=6.6 Hz), 1.27 (10H,m), 0.67-0.73 (2H, m), 0.39-0.42 (2H, m), LCMS (Method A) m/z: M+1 obs281.2, tR=2.98 min.

Step-4(R)-N-((R)-1-(5-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)-2-methylpropane-2-sulfinamide

A solution of(R,E)-N-((5-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)methylene)-2-methylpropane-2-sulfinamide(6.2 g, 22 mmol) was dissolved into dichloromethane (110 ml). Methylmagnesium bromide (44 ml, 44 mmol, 1.0M in THF) was added to the mixtureat −78° C. dropwise. The mixture was stirred for 1 h at −78° C. Themixture was poured into saturated ammonium chloride aqueous solution,and the aqueous phase was extracted with ethyl acetate (twice). Thecombined organic layers were dried over magnesium sulfate, andconcentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by column chromatographyon silica gel editing with hexane/ethyl acetate (1:1 (v/v)) to give 3.2g (49% yield) of the title compound as a white solid:

¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.24 (1H, d, J=2.2 Hz), 7.15-7.23 (2H, m),4.51-4.57 (2H, m), 3.83 (2H; d, J=6.6 Hz), 1.49 (3H, d, J=6.6 Hz), 1.25(10H, m), 0.59-0.75 (2H, m) 0.34-0.44 (2H, m), LCMS (Method A) m/z: M+1obs 297.3, tR=2.81 min.

Step-5: (R)-1-(5-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethanamine 2 HCl salt

(R)-N-((R)-1-(5-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)-2-methylpropane-2-sulfinamide(3.2 g, 10.9 mmol) was dissolved in 10N HCl/MeOH (50 mL). The mixturewas stirred at room temperature for 3 hours. The mixture wasconcentrated by N₂-flow to give the white precipitate. The solid wascollected by filtration and washed with diisopropyl ether to give 3.2 g(49% yield) of the title compound as a white solid:

¹H-NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 8.67 (3H, brs), 8.41 (1H, d, J=2.2 Hz),7.70-7.55 (2H, m), 4.56 (1H, m), 4.01 (2H, d, J=7.3 Hz), 1.57 (3H, d,J=6.6 Hz), 1.33 (1H, m), 0.70-0.60 (2H, m), 0.45-0.35 (2H, m), LCMS(Method A) m/z: M+1 obs 193.3, tR=1.90 min.

Amine Intermediate-2 (R)-1-(5-(benzyloxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethanamine 2HCLSalt Step-1(R,E)-N-((5-(benzyloxy)pyridin-2-yl)methylene)-2-methylpropane-2-sulfinamide

Prepared as in Step 3 of Amine intermediate-1 from(5-(benzyloxy)pyridin-2-yl)methanol.

¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.64 (1H, s), 8.49 (1H, d, J=2.94 Hz), 7.97(1H, d, J=8.1 Hz), 7.31-7.45 (6H, m), 5.19 (2H, s), 1.27 (9H, s), LCMS(Method A) m/z: M+1 obs 317.2, tR=3.15 min.

Step-2(R)-N-((R)-1-(5-(benzyloxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)-2-methylpropane-2-sulfinamide

Prepared as in Step-4 of Amine intermediate-1 from(R,E)-N-((5-(benzyloxy)pyridin-2-yl)methylene)-2-methylpropane-2-sulfinamide.

¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.31 (1H, d, J=2.2 Hz), 7.50-7.30 (5H, m),7.23 (2H, d, J=2.2 Hz), 5.09 (2H, s), 4.57 (2H, m), 1.49 (3H, d, J=6.6Hz), 1.25 (9H, s), LCMS (Method A) m/z: M+1 obs 333.2, tR=2.97 min.

Step-3: (R)-1-(5-(benzyloxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethanamine 2HCl Salt

Prepared as in Step-5 of Amine intermediate-1 from(R)-N-((R)-1-(5-(benzyloxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)-2-methylpropane-2-sulfinamide.

¹H-NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 7.50 (2H, brs), 8.38 (1H, d, J=2.9 Hz),7.65-6.25 (7H, m), 6.01 (2H, brs), 5.22 (2H, s), 4.45 (1H, m), 1.46 (3H,d, J=6.8 Hz), LCMS (Method A) m/z: M+1 obs 229.3, tR=2.24 min.

Amine Intermediate-3 (R)-1-(5-(2-fluorobenzyloxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethanamine2HCl Salt Step-1: 5-(2-fluorobenzyloxy)picolinonitrile

To a mixture of 2-bromo-5-(2-fluorobenzyloxy)pyridine (1.5 g, 5.3 mmol)and zinc cyanide (0.81 g, 6.9 mmol) in DMF (20 mL) was addedTetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) (0.61 g, 0.53 mmol) at roomtemperature. After being stirred at 60° C. for 4 hours, sat. sodiumbicarbonate aqueous solution was added to the mixture. The mixture wasfiltered off through a pad of Celite. The filtrate was extracted withethyl acetate, dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo. Theresidue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel eluting withhexane/ethyl acetate (2:1 (v/v)) to give 0.69 g (57% yield) of the titlecompound as a light yellow solid:

¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.45 (1H, d, J=2.9 Hz), 7.65 (1H, d, J=8.7Hz), 7.50-7.28 (3H, m), 7.24-7.05 (2H, m), 5.24 (2H, s), LCMS (Method A)m/z: M+1 obs 229.3, tR=2.94 min.

Step-2(R,E)-N-((5-(2-fluorobenzyloxy)pyridin-2-yl)methylene)-2-methylpropane-2-sulfinamide

To a solution of Reactant 5-(2-fluorobenzyloxy)picolinonitrile (690 mg,3.0 mmol) in dichloromethane (20 mL) was added DIBAL-H (3.7 mL, 3.6mmol, 0.99 M) at −78° C. After being stirred at −78° C. for 4 hours,methanol (2 mL) was added to the mixture. 1N hydrochloric acid (0.5 mL)was added to the mixture at room temperature. The mixture was stirred atroom temperature for 1 hour. Sat. sodium bicarbonate aqueous solutionwas added to the mixture until the pH was neutrized. The organic layerwas extracted with dichloromethane, dried over sodium sulfate andconcentrated in vacuo. The residue was dissolved in dichloromethane (20mL). Copper(II) sulfate (1.2 g, 7.6 mmol) followed by(R)-(+)-2-methyl-2-propanesulfinamide (370 mg, 3.0 mmol) were added tothe mixture respectively and the mixture was stirred for overnight atroom temperature. The reaction mixture was filtrated off through a padof Celite and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo. The residue waspurified by column chromatography on silica gel eluting withhexane/ethyl acetate (2:1 (v/v)) to give 360 mg (36% yield) of the titlecompound as a colorless oil:

¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.64 (1H, s), 8.49 (1H, d, J=2.9 Hz), 7.98(1H, d, J=8.8 Hz), 7.49 (1H, td, J=7.3, 1.5 Hz), 7.40-7.30 (2H, m),7.23-7.05 (2H, m), 5.26 (2H, s), 1.27 (9H, s), LCMS (Method A) m/z: M+1obs 335.3, tR=3.14 min.

Step-3(R)-N-((R)-1-(5-(2-fluorobenzyloxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl-2-methylpropane-2-sulfinamide

Prepared as in Step-4 of Amine intermediate-1 from(R,E)-N-((5-(2-fluorobenzyloxy)pyridin-2-yl)methylene)-2-methylpropane-2-sulfinamide

¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.32 (1H, d, J=1.4 Hz), 7.48 (1H, t, J=7.3Hz), 7.40-7.05 (5H, m), 5.16 (2H, s), 4.60-4.50 (2H, m), 1.49 (3H, d,J=5.9 Hz), 1.25 (9H, s), LCMS (Method A) m/z: M+1 obs 351.3, tR=2.97min.

Step-4: (R)-1-(5-(2-fluorobenzyloxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethanamine 2HCl Salt

Prepared as in Step-5 of Amine intermediate-1 from(R)-N-((R)-1-(5-(2-fluorobenzyloxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)-2-methylpropane-2-sulfinamide

¹H-NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 8.97 (2H, brs), 8.40 (1H, m), 7.87 (1H, d,J=8.8 Hz), 7.64 (1H, d, J=8.8 Hz), 7.55-7.35 (2H, m), 7.30-7.08 (2H, m),5.24 (2H, s), 4.78 (1H, m), 1.76 (3H, d, J=6.6 Hz), LCMS (Method A) m/z:M+1 obs 247.3, tR=2.34 min.

Amine Intermediate-4(R)-1-(6-methyl-5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethanamine Step-1:2,6-dimethyl-3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridine

Prepared as in Step-1 of Amine intermediate-1 from2,6-dimethylpyridin-3-ol and 2,2,2-trifluoroethyltrifluoromethanesulfonate.

To a suspension of 2,6-dimethylpyridin-3-ol (5.0 g, 41 mmol) and cesiumcarbonate (15 g, 47 mmol) in DMF (50 mL) was added 2,2,2-trifluoroethyltrifluoromethanesulfonate (11 mL, 47 mmol) dropwise. The reactionmixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour. After being stirredat room temperature for 18 hours, the mixture was poured into H₂O, andthe aqueous phase was extracted with ethyl acetate (twice). The combinedorganic layers were dried over magnesium sulfate and concentrated invacuo to give 8.3 g (quantitative yield) of the title compound as abrown oil:

¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.01 (1H, d, J=8.0 Hz), 6.95 (1H, d, J=8.0Hz), 4.33 (2H, q, J=8.0 Hz), 2.48 (8H, s), LCMS (Method A) m/z: M+1 obs206.2, tR=2.58 min.

Step-2: (6-methyl-5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)methanol

Prepared as in Step-2 of Amine intermediate-1 from2,6-dimethyl-3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridine as a minor product.

¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.12 (1H, d, J=8.0 Hz), 7.08 (1H, d, J=8.0Hz), 4.68 (2H, s), 4.37 (2H, q, J=8.0 Hz), 2.52 (3H, s), 2.05 (1H, brs)(minor product).

Step-3(R,E)-2-methyl-N-((6-methyl-5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)methylene)propane-2-sulfinamide

Prepared as in Step-3 of Amine intermediate-1 from(6-methyl-5-(2,2,2-(trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)methanol.

¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.63 (1H, s), 7.89 (1H, d, J=8.1 Hz), 7.16(1H, d, J=8.1 Hz), 4.44 (2H, q, J=8.1 Hz), 2.58 (3H, s), 1.27 (9H, s),LCMS (Method A) m/z: M+1 obs 323.2, tR=3.00 min.

Step-4(R)-2-methyl-N-((R)-1-(6-methyl-5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)propane-2-sulfinamide

Prepared as in Step-4 of Amine intermediate-1 from(R,E)-2-methyl-N-((6-methyl-5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)methylene)propane-2-sulfinamide.

¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.11 (1H, d, J=8.0 Hz), 7.05 (1H, d, J=8.0Hz), 4.79 (1H, d, J=5.1 Hz), 4.55 (1H, m), 4.33 (2H, q, J=8.1 Hz), 2.42(3H, s), 1.48 (3H, d, J=6.6 Hz), 1.25 9H, s).

Step-5: (R)-1-(6-methyl-5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethanamine2 HCl salt

Prepared as in Step-5 of Amine intermediate-1 from(R)-2-methyl-N-((R)-1-(6-methyl-5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)propane-2-sulfinamide.

LCMS (Method A) m/z: M+1 obs 235.3, tR=2.24 min.

Amine Intermediate-5(R)-1-(6-methyl-3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl )ethanamineStep-1: (6-methyl-3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)methanol

Prepared as in Step-2 of Amine intermediate-1 from2,6-dimethyl-3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridine as a major product.

¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.03-7.09 (2H, m), 4.74 (2H, d, J=4.4 Hz),4.36 (2H, q, J=8.1 Hz), 2.52 (3H, s), 1.64 (1H, brs), LCMS (Method A)m/z: M+1 obs 222.3, tR=2.17 min.

Step-2(R,E)-2-methyl-N-((6-methyl-3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)methylene)propane-2-sulfinamide

Prepared as in Step-3 of Amine intermediate-1 from(6-methyl-3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)methanol.

¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.95 (1H, s), 7.28 (2H, s), 4.44 (2H, m), 2.60(3H, s), 1.27 (9H, s), LCMS (Method A) m/z: M+1 obs 323.2, tR=2.84 min.

Step-3(R)-2-methyl-N-((R)-1-(6-methyl-3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)propane-2-sulfinamide

Prepared as in Step-4 of Amine intermediate-1 from(R,E)-2-methyl-N-((6-methyl-3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)methylene)propane-2-sulfinamide.

¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.04 (1H, d, J=8.1 Hz), 6.99 (1H, d, J=8.1Hz), 5.21 (1H, d, J=7.3 Hz), 4.86 (1H, m), 4.38 (2H, q, J=8.0 Hz), 2.48(3H, S), 1.41 (3H, d, J=6.6 Hz), 1.26 (9H, s)

Step-4: (R)-1-(6-methyl-3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethanamine2HCl salt

Prepared as in Step-5 of Amine intermediate-1 from(R)-2-methyl-N-((R)-1-(6-methyl-3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)propane-2-sulfinamide.

¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃-DMSO-d₆) δ 8.43 (3H, brs), 7.60 (1H, d, J=8.8Hz), 7.32 (1H, d, J=8.1 Hz), 4.91 (2H, q, J=8.8 Hz), 4.54 (1H, m), 2.48(3H, s), 1.41 (3H, d, J=6.6 Hz).

Amine Intermediate-6 (R)-1-(6-(2-fluorobenzyloxy)pyridin-3-yl)ethanamineStep-1(R,E)-N-((6-(2-fluorobenzyloxy)pyridin-3-yl)methylene)-2-methylpropane-2-sulfinamide

To a suspension of sodium hydride (640 mg, 16 mmol, 60%) in DMF (20 mL)was added (2-fluorophenyl)methanol (1.9 g, 15 mmol) at 0° C. After beingstirred at room temperature for 30 min, 6-chloronicotinonitrile (2.6 g,19 mmol) was added to the mixture. The mixture was stirred at roomtemperature for 14 hours. The mixture was poured into saturated ammoniumchloride aqueous solution, and the aqueous phase was extracted withethyl acetate (twice). The combined organic layers were dried overmagnesium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified bycolumn chromatography on silica gel eluting with hexane/ethyl acetate(19:1 (v/v)) to give the intermediate. The intermediate was dissolvedinto dichloromethane (30mL). DIBAL-H (6.3 mL, 6.4 mmol. 0.99 M) wasadded to the mixture at −78° C. After being stirred at −78° C. for 4hours, methanol (2 mL) was added to the mixture. 1N hydrochloric acid(0.5 mL) was added to the mixture at room temperature. The mixture wasstirred at room temperature for 1 hour. Sat. sodium bicarbonate aqueoussolution was added to the mixture until the pH was neutrized. Theorganic layer was extracted with dichloromethane, dried over sodiumsulfate and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was dissolved indichloromethane (20 mL). Copper(II) sulfate (2.3 g, 14 mmol) followed by(R)-(+)-2-methyl-2-propanesulfinamide (700 mg, 5.8 mmol) were added tothe mixture respectively and the mixture was stirred for 18 hours atroom temperature. The reaction mixture was filtrated off through a padof Celite and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo. The residue waspurified by column chromatography on silica gel eluting withhexane/ethyl acetate (4:1 (v/v)) to give 155 mg (3% yield) of the titlecompound as a white solid:

¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.55-8.62 (2H, m), 8.14 (1H, dd, J=8.0 Hz),7.30-7.53 (2H, m), 7.07-7.18 (1H, m), 6.89 (1H, d, J=8.8 Hz), 5.53 (2H,s), 1.26 (9H, s).

Step-2(R)-N-((R)-1-(6-(2-fluorobenzyloxy)pyridin-3-yl)ethyl)-2-methylpropane-2-sulfinamide

Prepared as in Step-4 of Amine intermediate-1 from(R,E)-N-((6-(2-fluorobenzyloxy)pyridin-3-yl)methylene)-2-methylpropane-2-sulfinamide.

¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.51-7.58 (2H, m), 7.29-7.33 (1H, m),7.06-7.18 (2H, m), 6.80 (1H, d, 8.0 Hz), 5.44 (2H, S), 4.55-4.59 (2H,m), 1.54 (3H, d, J=6.6 Hz), 1.20 (9H, s).

Step-3: (R)-1-(6-(2-(fluorobenzyloxy)pyridin-3-yl)ethanamine 2HCl salt

Prepared as in Step-5 of Amine intermediate-1 from(R)-N-((R)-1-(6-(2-fluorobenzyloxy)pyridin-3-yl)ethyl)-2-methylpropane-2-sulfinamide.

1H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃-DMSO-d₆) δ 8.60 (2H, brs), 8.31 (1H, d, J=3.0Hz), 7.96 (1H, dd, J=2.2 Hz), 7.51-7.61 (1H, m), 7.38-7.45 (1H, m),7.20-7.27 (2H, m), 6.76 (1H, d, J=8.0 Hz), 6.49 (2H, m), 5.41 (2H, s),4.40-4.44 (1H, m), 1.53 (3H, d, J=7.3 Hz), LCMS (Method A) m/z: M+1 obs247.3, tR=2.44 min.

Amine intermediate-7(R)-1-(5-((1-methylcyclopropyl)methoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethanamine 2 HClsalt Step-1: 2-methyl-5-((1-methylcyclopropyl)methoxy)pyridine

To a solution of 6-methylpyridin-3-ol (0.5 g, 4.6 mmol) in toluene (6mL) was added (1-methylcyclopropyl)methanol (0.59 g, 6.9 mmol) andstirred under nitrogen atmosphere. The solution was addedcyanomethylenetri-n-butylphosphorane (CMBP, 2.5 ml, 9.53 mmol) andstirred at 100° C. for 3 hours. The reaction mixture was evaporated. Theresidue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel eluting withhexane/ethyl acetate (2:1 (v/v)) to give 820 mg (quantitative yield) ofthe title compound as a brown oil:

¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.18 (1H, d, J=2.9 Hz), 7.03-7.13 (2H, m),3.74 (2H, s), 2.48 (3H, S) 1.24 (3H, s), 0.31-0.56 (4H, m), LCMS (MethodA) m/z: M+1 obs 178.3, tR=2.54 min.

Step-2: (5-((1-methylcyclopropyl)methoxy)pyridin-2-yl)methanol

Prepared as in Step-2 of Amine intermediate-1 from2-methyl-5-((1-methylcyclopropyl)methoxy)pyridine.

1H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.24 (1H, d, J=1.4 Hz), 7.16-7.27 (2H, m),4.70 (2H, s), 3.78 (2H, s), 2.83 (1H, brs), 1.25 (3H, s), 0.45-0.58 (4H,m), LCMS (Method A) m/z: M+1 obs 194.32, tR=2.37 min.

Step-3(R,E)-2-methyl-N-((5-((1-methylcyclopropyl)methoxy)pyridin-2-yl)methylene)propane-2-sulfinamide

Prepared as in Step-3 of Amine intermediate-1 from(5-((1-methylcyclopropyl)methoxy)pyridin-2-yl)methanol.

1H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.64 (1H, s), 8.42 (1H, d, J=2.9 Hz), 7.96(1H, d, J=8.8 Hz), 7.24 (1H, d, J=2.9 Hz), 3.85 (2H, s), 1.28 (9H, s),1.24 (3H, s), 0.51-0.59 (4H, m), LCMS (Method A) m/z: M+1 obs 295.3,tR=3.14 min.

Step-4(R)-2-methyl-N-((R)-1-(5-((1-methylcyclopropyl)methoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)propane-2-sulfinamide

Prepared as in Step-4 of Amine intermediate-1 from(R,E)-2-methyl-N-((5-((1-methylcyclopropyl)methoxy)pyridin-2-yl)methylene)propane-2-sulfinamide.

¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.23 (1H, d, J=2.2 Hz), 7.13-7.22 (2H, m),4.52-4.56 (2H, m), 3.75 (2H, s), 1.49 (3H, d, J=6.6 Hz), 1.25 (9H, s),1.23 (3H, s) 0.44-0.56 (4H, m), LCMS (Method A) m/z: M+1 obs 311.3,tR=2.95 min.

Step-5: (R)-1-(5-((1-methylcyclopropyl)methoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethanamine 2HCl salt

Prepared as in Step-5 of Amine intermediate-1 from(R)-2-methyl-N-((R)-1-(5-((1-methylcyclopropyl)methoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)propane-2-sulfinamide.

¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃-DMSO-d₆) δ 8.52 (2H, brs), 8.34 (1H, s), 7.52(2H, s), 5.80 (2H, brs), 4.48 (1H, m), 3.88 (2H, s), 1.49 (3H, d, J=6.6Hz), 1.19 (3H, s), 0.41-0.56 (4H, m), LCMS (Method A) m/z: M+1 obs207.3, tR=2.07 min.

Amine Intermediate-83-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinolin-8-amine Step-1:3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)quinoline

Prepared as in Step-1 of Amine intermediate-4 from quniolin-3-ol.

¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.77 (1H, d, J=2.9 Hz), 8.08 (1H, d, J=8.0Hz), 7.75 (1H, d, J=8.1 Hz), 7.67-7.50 (2 H, m), 7.45 (1H, d, J=2.9 Hz),4.50 (2H, q, J=8.0 Hz), LCMS (Method A) m/z: M+1 obs 228.3, tR=2.90 min.

Step-2: 3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinoline

A mixture of 3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)quinoline (1.13 g, 5.0 mmol) andplatinum (IV) oxide (50 mg) in TFA (8 mL) was stirred at roomtemperature for 12 hours under hydrogen atmosphere (1 atm). Then themixture was filtered off through a pad of Celite, and the filtrate wasconcentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by column chromatographyon silica gel eluting with hexane/ethyl acetate (1.0:1-7:1) to give 495mg (43% yield) of the title compound as a colorless oil:

¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.12 (1H, d, J=2.9 Hz), 6.96 (1H, d, J=2.9Hz), 4.36 (2H, q, J=8.1 Hz), 2.87 (2H, t, J=6.6 Hz), 2.77 (2H, t, J=6.6Hz), 1.93-1.75 (4H, m), LCMS (Method A) m/z: M+1 obs 232.3, tR=2.84 min.

Step-3: 3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinoline 1-oxide

A mixture of 3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinoline (495mg, 2.1 mmol) and 3-chloroperbenzoic acid (ca 75%, 739 mg, 3.2 mmol) indichloromethane (10 mL) was stirred at room temperature for 1.5 hour.Then, the mixture was poured into saturated sodium bicarbonate aqueoussolution (50 mL), and the aqueous phase was extracted withdichloromethane. The organic layer was dried over magnesium sulfate andconcentrated in vacuo to give 740 mg of the crude title compound. Thiswas used for the next step without further purification:

LCMS (Method A) m/z: M+1 obs 248.3, tR=2.52 min.

Step-4: 3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinolin-8-ol

A mixture of 3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinoline1-oxide (530 mg, 2.1 mmol) and acetic anhydride (3 mL) was stirred at100° C. for 2 hours. After cooling to room temperature, acetic anhydridewas removed in vacuo. To the residue, methanol (5 mL) and potassiumcarbonate (1.77 g, 13 mmol) were added, and the mixture was stirred atroom temperature for 20 hours. Then, methanol was evaporated in vacuo.To the residue was added ethyl acetate, and the mixture was filteredthrough a pad of Celite. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo. Theresidue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel eluting withhexane/ethyl acetate. (1:1-1:2) to give 193 mg (36% yield) of the titlecompound as a white solid:

¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.17 (1H, d, J=2.9 Hz), 7.00 (1H, d, J=2.9Hz), 4.69 (1H, brt, J=5.9 Hz), 4.38 (2H, q, J=8.1 Hz), 3.64 (1H, s),2.85-2.75 (2H, m), 2.31-2.20 (1H, m), 2.05-1.94 (1H, m), 1.88-1.75 (2H,m), LCMS (Method A) m/z: M+1 obs 248.2, tR=2.52 min.

Step-5: 3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-6,7-dihydroquinolin-8(5H)-one

A mixture of 3-(2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinolin-8-ol(193 mg, 0.78 mmol) and manganese (IV) oxide (543 mg, 6.3 mmol) indichloromethane (10 mL) was stirred at room temperature for 3 hours.Then, the mixture was filtered through a pad of Celite, and the filtratewas concentrated in vacuo. The residual solid was washed with diethylether to give 155 mg (81% yield) of the title compound as a pale yellowsolid:

¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.44 (1H, d, J=2.9 Hz), 7.11 (1H, d, J=2.9Hz), 4.48 (2H, q, J=8.1 Hz), 3.03 (2H, t, J=5.9 Hz), 2.79 (2H, t, J=5.9Hz), 2.20 (2H, quintet, J=5.9 Hz), LCMS (Method A) m/z: M+1 obs 246.3,tR=2.48 min.

Step-6: 3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-6,7-dihydroquinolin-8(5H)-one oxime

A mixture of 3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-6,7-dihydroquinolin-8(5H)-one(155 mg, 0.63 mmol), hydroxylamine hydrochloride (88 mg, 1.3 mmol), andsodium acetate (104 mg, 1.3 mmol) in ethanol-water (3:1, 4 mL) wasrefluxed with stirring for 2 hours. After cooling to room temperature,the mixture was poured into water, and the aqueous layer was extractedwith dichloromethane (twice). The combined organic layers were driedover Magnesium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo to give 167 mg of thecrude title compound as a brown solid. This was used for the next stepwithout purification:

¹H-NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ 8.25 (1H, d, J=2.9 Hz), 7.37 (1H, d, J=2.9Hz), 4.88 (2H, q, J=8.8 Hz), 2.79-2.68 (2H, m), 1.95-1.75 (4H, m) (asignal due to OH was not observed), LCMS (Method A) m/z: M+1 obs 261.3,tR=2.62 min.

Step-7: 3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinolin-8-amine

A mixture of 3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-6,7-dihydroquinolin-8(5H)-oneoxime (167 mg) and 10% palladium on carbon (100 mg) in methanol (7 ml)was stirred at room temperature for 24 h under hydrogen atmosphere (4atm). Then, the mixture was filtered through a pad of Celite, and thefiltrate was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by columnchromatography on NH-gel eluting with hexane/ethyl acetate (1:1-0:1) togive 68 mg (43% yield) of the title compound as a pale brown oil:

¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 8.18 (1H, s), 7.96 (1H, s), 4.37 (2H, q,J=8.1 Hz), 4.03-3.95 (1H, m), 2.90-2.68 (2H, m), 2.24-2.13 (1H, m),2.03-1.90 (1H, m), 1.85-1.66 (2H, m) (a signals due to NH2 were notobserved), LCMS (Method A) m/z: M+1 obs 247.3, tR=2.14 min.

Amine Intermediate-9(R)-1-(3-fluoro-5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethanamine 2 HClsalt Step-1: 3-fluoro-5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)picolinonitrile

60% sodium hydride (0.219 g, 5.71 mmol) was added to a solution of2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (0.257 ml, 3.57 mmol) in

N,N,N′,N′,N″,N″-hexamethylphosphoric triamide (6 ml) at 0° C. andstirred for 1 hour. Then 3,5-difluoropicolinonitrile (1.0 g, 7.1 mmol)in N,N,N′,N′,N″,N″-hexamethylphosphoric triamide (4 mL) was added to thereaction mixture and stirred at room temperature for 20 hours. Then2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (0.257 ml, 3.57 mmol) and 60% sodium hydride(0.22 g, 5.7 mmol) were added to the reaction mixture and stirred atroom temperature for 3 hours. After reaction, the mixture was pouredinto water, and the aqueous phase was extracted with ethyl acetate. Theorganic layer was dried over magnesium sulfate and concentrated invacuo. The residue was purified by column chromatography on silica geleluting with hexane/ethyl acetate (6:1-4:1) to give 398 mg (25% yield)of the title compound as a oily solution:

¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.31 (1H, d, J=2.6 Hz), 7.15 (1H, dd, J=9.5,2.6 Hz), 4.50 (2H, q, J=7.7 Hz).

Step-2(R,E)-N-((3-fluoro-5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)methylene)-2-methylpropane-2-sulfinamide

Prepared as in Step-2 of Amine intermediate-3 from3-fluoro-5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy )picolinonitrile.

¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.83 (1H, S) 8.39 (1H, d, J=2.2 Hz), 7.11 (1H,dd, J=2.2 Hz), 4.89 (2H, q, J=7.4 Hz), 1.30 (9H, s), LCMS (Method A)m/z: M+1 obs 327.2, tR=2.94 min.

Step-3(R)-N-((R)-1-(3-fluoro-5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)-2-methylpropane-2-sulfinamide

Prepared as in Step-4 of Amine intermediate-1 from(R,E)-N-((3-fluoro-5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)methylene)-2-methylpropane-2-sulfinamide.

¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.14 (1H, s), 7.02 (1H, dd, J=1.5, 2.2 Hz),4.70-4.88 (2H, m), 4.38 (2H, q, J=6.6 Hz), 1.45 (3H, d, J=6.6 Hz), 1.25(9H, s), LCMS (Method A) m/z: M+1 obs 343.2, tR=2.92 min.

Step-4:(R)-1-(3-fluoro)-5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethanamine 2HClsalt

Prepared as in Step-5 of Amine intermediate-1 from(R)-N-((R)-1-(3-fluoro-5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)-2-methylpropane-2-sulfinamide.

LCMS (Method A) m/z: M+1 obs 222.3, tR=2.00 min.

Amine Intermediate-10(R)-1-(3-methyl-5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethanaminedihydrochloride Step-1:3-methyl-5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)picolinonitrile

Prepared as in Step-1 of Amine intermediate-4-from commerciallyavailable 5-hydroxy-3-methylpicolinonitrile:

¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.28 (1H, d, J=2.9 Hz), 7.18 (1H, d, J=2.9Hz), 4.46 (2H, q, J=7.4 Hz), 2.58 (3H, s), LCMS (Method A) m/z: M+1 obs217.3, tR=2.79 min.

Step-2(R,E)-2-methyl-N-((3-methyl-5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)ethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)methylene)propane-2-sulfinamide

Prepared as in Step-2 of Amine intermediate-3 from3-methyl-5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)picolinonitrile.

LCMS (Method A) m/z: M+1 obs 323.3, tR=3.02 min.

Step-3(R)-2-methyl-N-(R)-1-(3-methyl-5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)propane-2-sulfinamide

Prepared as in Step-4 of Amine intermediate-1 from(R,E)-2-methyl-N-((3-methyl-5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-2-yl)methylene)propane-2-sulfinamide:

¹H-NMR (270 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.13 (1H, d, J==3.3 Hz), 7.05 (1H, d, J=3.3Hz), 4.88 (1H, d, J=7.2 Hz), 4.89 (1H, quintet, J=6.5 Hz), 4.38 (2H, q,J=7.9 Hz), 2.38 (3H, s), 1.39 (3H, d, J=6.6 Hz), 1.25 (9H, s), LCMS(Method A) m/z: M+1 obs 339.3, tR=2.95 min.

Step-4: (R)-1-(3-methyl-5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethanaminedihydrochloride

Prepared as in Step-5 of Amine intermediate-1 from(R)-2-methyl-N-(R)-1-(3-methyl-5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)propane-2-sulfinamide:

LCMS (Method A) m/z: M+1 obs 235.3, tR=2.20 min.

Amine intermediate-11(S)-1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethanamine dihydrochloride

The title compound was prepared according to the silimar procedure for(R)-isomer using (S)-(−)-2-methyl-2-propanesulfinamide:

[α]_(D) ²² −16.7° (c=1.61, MeOH).

Carboxylic Acid Intermediate-11-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxylic acid Step-1:methyl 1-methyl -6-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxylate

To an acetonitrile (5 ml) solution of methyl6-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxylate (300 mg, 1.2 mmol) wereadded potassium carbonate (1.0 g, 7.4 mmol) and iodomethane (350 mg, 2.5mmol) at room temperature respectively. The mixture was stirred at roomtemperature for 4 hours. The solid was removed by filtration and washedwith acetonitrile. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo. After beingfiltered off, the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure, theresidue was applied to a silica gel chromatography column and elutedwith a hexane/ethyl acetate=4/1 to furnish 239 mg (75% yield, majorproduct) of the title as a white solid:

¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.36 (1H, d, J=8.0 Hz), 7.79 (1H, s), 7.55(1H, d, J=8.0 Hz), 4.24 (3H, s), 4.06 (3H, s), LCMS (Method A) m/z: M+1obs 259.1; tR=3.15 min.

Step-2: 1-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxylic acid

To a tetrahydrofuran (2 mL) of methyl1-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxylate (50 mg, 0.19mmol) was added 2N sodium hydroxide (0.2 ml, 4.0 mmol) at roomtemperature. The mixture was refluxed at 90° C. with stirring for 3hours. After being cooled to room temperature, 2N hydrochloric acid wasadded to the mixture until pH became 4.0. The organic layer wasextracted with ethyl acetate, washed with brine, and dried overmagnesium sulfate. After the filtration to separate solvent andmagnesium sulfate, the solvent was removed under reduced pressure togive 47 mg (quantitative yield) of the title as a white solid that wasused in the next step without further purification.

LCMS (Method A) m/z: M+1 obs 245.0; tR=2.57 min.

Carboxylic Acid Intermediate-22-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl-2H-indazole-3-carboxylic acid Step-1: methyl2-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)-2H-indazole-3-carboxylate

Prepared as in Step 1 of Carboxylic acid intermediate-1 as a minorproduct.

¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.13 (1H, d, J=8.8 Hz), 8.10 (1H, S), 7.45(1H, d, J=8.8 Hz), 4.56 (3H, s), 4.06 (3H, s), LCMS (Method A) m/z. M+1obs 259.1, tR=2.99 min.

Step-2: 2-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)-2H-indazole-3-carboxylic acid

Prepared as in Step 2 of Carboxylic acid intermediate-1 from methyl2-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)-2H-indazole-3-carboxylate.

LCMS (Method A) m/z: M+1 obs 245.0, tR=2.52 min.

Carboxylic Acid Intermediate-3

1-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid Step-1: ethyl1-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-indole-2-carboxylate

A mixture of ethyl 6-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-indole-2-carboxylate (100 mg,0.39 mmol), iodomethane (36 microL, 0.58 mmol), and potassium carbonate(1.34 mg, 0.97 mmol) in DMF was stirred at room temperature for 7 hours.Then, the mixture was poured into water, and the aqueous layer wasextracted, with dichloromethane (three times). The combined organiclayers were dried over magnesium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo. Theresidue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel eluting withhexane/ethyl acetate (20:1-10:1) to give 95.3 mg (90% yield) of thetitle compound as a white solid:

¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.98 (1H, s), 7.56 (1H, d, J=8.8 Hz), 7.47(1H, d, J=8.8 Hz), 7.37 (1H, s), 4.40 (2H, q, J=7.4 Hz), 4.11 (3H, s),1.43 (3H, t, J=7.4 Hz), LCMS (Method A) m/z: M+1 obs 272.1, tR=3.45 min.

Step-2: 1-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid

A mixture of ethyl 1-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-indole-2-carboxylate(90 mg, 0.33 mmol) and 2 mol/L aqueous sodium hydroxide solution (0.42mL, 0.83 mmol) in methanol (2 mL) was stirred at room temperature for 2hours. Then, 2 mol/L hydrochloric acid was added, and the formedprecipitate was collected by filtration to give 75.6 mg (94% yield) ofthe title compound as a white solid:

¹H-NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 13.23 (1H, br), 8.12 (1H, s), 7.80 (1H, d,J=8.8 Hz), 7.60 (1H, d, J=8.8 Hz), 7.39 (1H, S), 4.08 (3H, s), LCMS(Method A) m/z: M−1 obs 242.1, tR=2.88 min.

Carboxylic Acid Intermediate-41-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-indole-3-carboxylic acid Step-1:2,2,2-trifluoro-1-[6-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-indol-3-yl]ethanone

To a solution of 6-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-indole (460 mg, 2.5 mmol) intetrahydrofuran (5 mL) was added trifluoroacetic anhydride (0.52 mL, 3.7mmol) at 0° C., and the resulting mixture was stirred at the sametemperature for 1 hour and at room temperature for 1 hour. Then, themixture was poured into water, and the formed precipitate was collectedby filtration to give 583 mg (83% yield) of the title compound as a palebrown solid:

¹H-NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 13.04 (1H, br), 8.72 (1H, s), 8.37 (1H, d,J=8.8 Hz), 7.93 (1H, s), 7.66 (1H, d, J=8.1 Hz), LCMS (Method A) m/z:M−1 obs 280.0, tR=3.20 min.

Step-2:2,2,2-trifluoro-1-(1-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-indol-3-yl)ethanone

To a mixture of2,2,2-trifluoro-1-[6-trifluoromethyl)-1H-indol-3-yl]ethanone (200 mg,0.71 mmol) and potassium carbonate (246 mg, 1.8 mmol) in DMF (2 mL) wasadded iodomethane (0.067 mL, 1.1 mmol) at room temperature. Afterstirring at the same temperature for 2 hours, the mixture was pouredinto water, and the aqueous phase was extracted with EtOAc (ethylacetate)-hexane (2:1, twice). The combined organic layers were driedover magnesium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo. The residue waspurified by column chromatography on silica gel eluting withhexane/ethyl acetate (4:1 (v/v)) to give 195 mg (93% yield) of the titlecompound as a pale brown solid:

¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.51 (1H, d, J=8.0 Hz), 8.04 (1H, s), 7.70(1H, s), 7.64 (1H, d, J=8.1 Hz), 3.99 (3H, s), LCMS (Method A) m/z: M+1obs 296.0, tR=3.32 min.

Step-3: 1-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-indole-3-carboxylic acid

A mixture of2,2,2-trifluoro-1-(1-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-indol-3-yl)ethanone(195 mg, 0.66 mmol) and 20% aqueous sodium hydroxide solution (5 mL) wasrefluxed with stirring for 10 hours. After cooling to room temperature,the mixture was poured into 1 M hydrochloric acid, and the aqueous phasewas extracted with ethyl acetate (twice). The combined organic layerswere dried over magnesium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo. Theresidual solid was washed with 2-propanol to give 107 mg (67% yield) ofthe title compound as a pale orange solid:

¹H-NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 12.25 (1H, S), 8.26 (1H, S), 8.18 (1H, d,J=8.8 Hz), 7.98 (1H, s), 7.50 (1H, d, J=8.6 Hz), 3.94 (3H, s), LCMS(Method A) m/z: M−1 obs 242.1, tR=2.84 min.

Carboxylic Acid Intermediate-5 5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)picolinic acidStep-1: ethyl 5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)picolinate

Prepared as in Step-1 of Amine intermediate-4 from ethyl5-hydroxypicolinate (EP1748048):

¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.47 (1H, d, J=2.9 Hz), 8.15 (1H, d, J=8.8Hz), 7.32 (1H, dd, J=2.9 & 8.8 Hz), 4.52-5.52 (4H, m), 1.44 (3H, t,J=7.2 Hz), LCMS (Method A) m/z: M+1 obs 250.3, tR=2.72 min.

Step-2: 5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)picolinic acid

A mixture of ethyl 5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)picolinate (253 mg, 1.0mmol) and 2 mol/L aqueous sodium hydroxide solution (1.0 mL, 2.0 mmol)in methanol (5 mL) was stirred at room temperature for 4 h. Then,methanol was removed in vacuo. To the residue were added water (2 mL)and 2 mol/L hydrochloric acid (pH˜4). The formed precipitate wascollected by filtration to give 118 mg (52% yield) of the title compoundas a gray solid:

¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.49 (1H, d, J=2.9 Hz), 8.06 (1H, d, J=8.8Hz), 7.66 (1H, dd, J=2.9 & 8.8 Hz), 4.99 (2H, q, J=8.8 Hz) (a signal dueto COOH was not observed), LCMS (Method A) m/z: M+1 obs 222.3, tR=1.59min.

Carboxylic Acid Intermediate-6trans-2-(1-methyl-1H-indol-3-yl)cyclopropanecarboxylic acid Step-1:ethyl trans-2-(1-methyl-1H-indol-3-yl)cyclopropanecarboxylate

To a suspension of sodium hydride (ca 60%, 21 mg, 0.52 mmol) in DMSO (1mL) was added trimethylsulfoxonium iodide (115 mg, 0.52 mmol), and themixture was stirred at room temperature for 20 minutes. Then, ethyl(E)-3-(1-methyl-1H-indol-3-yl)acrylate (Synlett, (9), 1319-1322 (2006))(100 mg, 0.44 mmol) was added to the mixture, and the mixture wasstirred at room temperature for 1 hour and at 60° C. for 20 hours. Aftercooling to room temperature, the mixture was poured into water (30 mL),and the aqueous phase was extracted with ethyl acetate (twice). Thecombined organic layers were dried over Magnesium sulfate andconcentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by column chromatographyon silica gel eluting with hexane/ethyl acetate (7:1) to give 23 mg (21%yield) of the title compound as a pale yellow oil:

¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.65 (1H, d, J=8.0 Hz), 7.30-7.19 (2H, m),7.16-7.07 (1H, m), 6.79 (1H, s), 4.20 (2H, q, J=8.0 Hz), 3.71 (3H, S),2.65-2.55 (1H, m), 1.91-1.82 (1H, m), 1.61-1.51 (1H, m), 1.30 (3H, t,J=8.0 Hz), 1.35-1.25 (1H, m), LCMS (Method A) m/z: M+1 obs 244.4,tR=3.22 min.

Step-2: trans-2-(1-methyl-1H-indol-3-yl)cyclopropanecarboxylic acid

A mixture of ethyltrans-2-(1-methyl-1H-indol-3-yl)cyclopropanecarboxylate (20 mg, 0.082mmol) and 2 mol/L aqueous sodium hydroxide solution (0.20 mL, 0.40 mmol)in methanol (3 mL) was stirred at 60° C. for 3 hours. After cooling toroom temperature, 2 mol/L hydrochloric acid (0.20 mL, 0.40 mmol) wasadded, and the solvent was removed in vacuo. To the residue was addedTHF (2 mL) and filtered off. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo togive 25 mg of the title compound as a pale yellow oil. This was used forthe next step without purification:

¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.68 (1H, d, J=8.8 Hz), 7.31-7.20 (2H, m),7.18-7.09 (1H, m), 6.82 (1H, s), 3.73 (3H, s), 2.75-2.64 (1H, m),1.90-1.80 (1H, m), 1.69-1.60 (1H, m), 1.45-1.35 (1H, m), LCMS (Method A)m/z: M+1 obs 216.4, tR=2.72 min.

Carboxylic Acid Intermediate-7trans-2-(7-fluoro-1H-indol-3-yl)cyclopropanecarboxylic acid Step-1:ethyl (E)-3-(7-fluoro-1-tosyl-1H-indol-3-yl)acrylate

To a suspension of sodium hydride (ca 60%, 240 mg, 6.3 mmol) in THF (10mL) was added dropwise a solution of triethyl phosphonoacetate (1.33 g,5.9 mmol) in THF (5 mL) at 0° C. After stirring at room temperature for0.5 hour, a solution of 7-fluoro-1-tosyl-1H-indole-3-carbaldehyde (J.Med. Chem., 48 (19), 6023-6034 (2005)) (1.10 g, 3.48 mmol) in THF (5 mL)was added to the mixture at 0° C. The resulting mixture was stirred at0° C. for 0.5 hour and at room temperature for 19 hours. The mixture waspoured into water, extracted with dichloromethane, dried over sodiumsulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The residual solid waswashed with ethyl acetate to give 864 mg (65% yield) of the titlecompound as a white solid:

¹H-NMR (270 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.03 (1H, s), 7.85-7.75 (3H, m), 7.57 (1H, d,J=7.6 Hz), 7.31-7.15 (3H, m), 6.99 (1H, dd, J=8.2 & 12.2 Hz), 6.50 (1H,d, J=16.1 Hz), 4.27 (2H, q, J=7.2 Hz), 2.37 (3H, s), 1.33 (3H, t, J=7.2Hz).

Step-2: ethyltrans-2-(7-fluoro-1-tosyl-1H-indol-3-yl)cyclopropanecarboxylate

Prepared as in Step-1 of Carboxylic acid intermediate-6 from ethyl(E)-3-(7-fluoro-1-tosyl-1H-indol-3-yl)acrylate:

¹H-NMR (720 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.78 (2H, d, J=7.6 Hz), 7.45 (1H, s), 7.34(1H, d, J=6.9 Hz), 7.28-7.22 (2H, m), 7.13 (1H, dt, J=4.3 & 7.9 Hz),6.94 (1H, dd, J=7.9 & 12.2 Hz), 4.19 (2H, q, J=7.3 Hz), 2.51-2.42 (1H,m), 2.36 (3H, s), 1.92-1.84 (1H, m), 1.61-1.52 (1H, m), 1.30 (3H, t,J=7.3 Hz), 1.33-1.20 (1H, m).

Step-3: trans-2-(7-fluoro-1H-indol-3-yl)cyclopropanecarboxylic acid

Prepared as in Step-2 of Carboxylic acid intermediate-6 from ethyltrans-2-(7-fluoro-1-tosyl-1H-indol-3-yl)cyclopropanecarboxylate:

¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.16 (1H, brs), 7.44 (1H, d, J=8.0 Hz),7.1-6.8 (3H, m), 2.71-2.59 (1H, m), 1.95-1.85 (1H, m), 1.70-1.60 (1H,m), 1.48-1.35 (1H, m) (a signal due to COOH was not observed), LCMS(Method A) m/z: M+1 obs 220.3, tR=2.57 min.

Carboxylic Acid Intermediate-8trans-2-(5-fluoro-1H-indol-3-yl)cyclopropanecarboxylic acid Step-1:ethyl(E)-3-(5-fluoro-1-tosyl-1H-indol-3-yl)acrylate

Prepared as in Step-1 of Carboxylic acid intermediate-7 from5-fluoro-1-tosyl-1H-indole-3-carbaldehyde (J. Med. Chem., 41 (25),4995-5001 (1998)):

¹H-NMR (270 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 7.95 (1H, dd, J=4.6 & 9.2 Hz), 7.88 (1H, s),7.79-7.68 (3H, m), 7.44 (1H, dd, J=2.6 & 8.6 Hz), 7.29-7.24 (2H, m),7.11 (1H, dt, J=2.6 & 8.6 Hz), 6.43 (1H, d, J=16.5 Hz), 4.27 (2H, q,J=7.2 Hz), 2.37 (3H, s), 1.35 (3H, t, J=7.2 Hz), LCMS (Method A) m/z:M+1 obs 388.2, tR=3.52 min.

Step-2: ethyltrans-2-(5-fluoro-1-tosyl-1H-indol-3-yl)cyclopropanecarboxylate

Prepared as in Step-1 of Carboxylic acid intermediate-6 fromethyl(E)-3-(5-fluoro-1-tosyl-1H-indol-3-yl)acrylate:

¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 7.93-7.86 (1H, m), 7.71 (2H, d, J=9.5 Hz),7.30-7.17 (4H, m), 7.09-7.00 (1H, m), 4.20 (2H, q, J=7.3 Hz), 2.46-2.35(1H, m), 2.35 (3H, s), 1.88-1.80 (1H, m), 1.63-1.55 (1H, m), 1.31 (3H,t, J=7.3 Hz), 1.30-1.20 (1H, m), LCMS (Method A) m/z: M+1 obs 402.3,tR=3.54 min.

Step-3: trans-2-(5-fluoro-1H-indol-3-yl)cyclopropanecarboxylic acid

Prepared as in Step-2 of Carboxylic acid intermediate-6 from ethyltrans-2-(5-fluoro-1-tosyl-1H-indol-3-yl)cyclopropanecarboxylate:

¹H-NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ 11.00 (1H, brs), 7.36-7.22 (3H, m),6.98-6.88 (1H, m), 2.43-2.33 (1H, m), 1.75-1.67 (1H, m), 1.42-1.28 (2H,m) (a signal due to COOH was not observed), LCMS (Method A) m/z: M+1 obs220.3, tR=2.59 min.

Carboxylic Acid Intermediate-9trans-2-(1H-indol-6-yl)cyclopropanecarboxylic acid Step-1:ethyl(E)-3-(1-tosyl-1H-indol-6-yl)acrylate

Prepared as in Step-1 of Carboxylic acid intermediate 7 from1-tosyl-1H-indole-6-carbaldehyde.

¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 8.13 (1H, S), 7.90-7.75 (3H, m), 7.62 (1H, d,J=3.7 Hz), 7.52 (1H, d, J=8.8 Hz), 7.43 (1H, d, J=8.8 Hz), 7.24 (2H, d,J=8.1 Hz), 6.66 (1H, d, J=3.7 Hz), 6.49 (1H d, J=16.1 Hz), 4.29 (2H, q,J=7.3 Hz), 2.35 (3H, s), 1.37 (3H, t, J=7.3 Hz), LCMS (Method A) m/z:M+1 obs 370.2, tR=3.44 min.

Step-2: ethyl trans-2-(1-tosyl-1H-indol-6-yl)cyclopropanecarboxylate

Prepared as in Step-1 of Carboxylic acid intermediate-6 fromethyl(E)-3-(1-tosyl-1H-indol-6-yl)acrylate.

¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 7.76 (2H, d, J=8.1 Hz), 7.76 (1H, s), 7.53(1H, d, J=3.7 Hz), 7.43 (1H, d, J=8.1 Hz), 7.25 (2H, d, J=8.1 Hz), 6.97(1H, dd, J=8.1, 1.5 Hz), 6.62 (1H, d, J=3.7 Hz), 4.21 (2H, q, 7.3 Hz),2.67 (1H, m), 2.37 (3H, s), 1.95 (1H, m), 1.67 (1H, m), 1.39 (1H, m),1.32 (3H, t, J=7.3 Hz), LCMS (Method A) m/z: M+1 obs 384, tR=3.44 min.

Step-3: trans-2-(1H-indol-6-yl)cyclopropanecarboxylic acid

Prepared as in Step-2 of Carboxylic acid intermediate-6 from ethyltrans-2-(1-tosyl-1H-indol-6-yl) cyclopropanecarboxylate.

¹H-NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ 11.00 (1H, s), 7.44 (1H, d, J=8.0 Hz), 7.29(1H, t, J=2.2 Hz), 7.18 (1H, s), 6.79 (1H, d, J=8.1 Hz), 6.37 (1H, m),2.50 (1H, m), 1.78 (1H, m), 1.48-1.30 (2H, m), LCMS (Method A) m/z: M−1obs 200.3, tR=2.52 min.

Carboxylic Acid Intermediate-10trans-2-(5-cyano-1H-indol-3-yl)cyclopropanecarboxylic acid Step-1:ethyl(E)-3-(5-cyano-1-tosyl-1H-indol-3-yl)acrylate

Prepared as in Step-1 of Carboxylic acid intermediate 7 from3-formyl-1-tosyl-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile.

¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 8.14 (1H, s), 8.11 (1H, d, J=8.8 Hz), 7.94(1H, s), 7.81 (2H, d, J=8.1 Hz), 7.74 (1H, d, J=16.1 Hz), 7.63 (1H, dd,J=8.8, 1.5 Hz), 7.30 (2H, d, J=8.0 Hz), 6.49 (1H, d, J=16.1 Hz), 4.29(2H, q, J=6.6 Hz), 2.39 (3H, s), 1.36 (3H, t, J=6.6 Hz), LCMS (Method A)m/z: M+1 obs 395.2, tR=3.40 min.

Step-2: trans-2-(5-cyano-1H-indol-3-yl)cyclopropanecarboxylic acid

Prepared as in Step-1 of Carboxylic acid intermediate 6 and in Step-2 ofCarboxylic acid intermediate 6 fromethyl(E)-3-(5-cyano-1-tosyl-1H-indol-3-yl)acrylate. LCMS (Method A) m/z:M+1 obs 227.3, tR=2.39 min.

Carboxylic Acid Intermediate-11trans-2-(1H-indol-7-yl)cyclopropanecarboxylic acid Step-1:1-tosyl-1H-indole-7-carbaldehyde

To a suspension of sodium hydride (240 mg, 5.9 mmol) in THF (10 mL) wasadded 1H-indole-7-carbaldehyde (570 mg, 3.9 mmol) at room temperature.After being stirred at room temperature for 20 min,4-methylbenzene-1-sulfonyl chloride (1.1 g, 5.9 mmol) was added to themixture. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour. Themixture was poured into saturated ammonium chloride aqueous solution,and the aqueous phase was extracted with ethyl acetate (twice). Thecombined organic layers were dried over magnesium sulfate andconcentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by column chromatographyon silica gel eluting with hexane/ethyl acetate (4:1 (v/v)) to give 1.0g (89% yield) of the title compound as a white solid:

¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 10.73 (1H, s), 7.82 (1H, d, J=8.8 Hz),7.75-7.65 (2H, m), 7.47 (2H, d, J=8.8 Hz), 7.38 (1H, t, J=8.3 Hz), 7.17(2H, d, J=8.8 Hz), 6.79 (1H, d, J=3.7 Hz), 2.34 (3H, s), LCMS (Method A)m/z: M+1 obs 300.2, tR=3.15 min.

Step-2: ethyl(E)-3-(1-tosyl-1H-indol-7-yl)acrylate

Prepared as in Step-1 of Carboxylic acid intermediate 7 from1-tosyl-1H-indole-7-carbaldehyde.

¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 8.64 (1H, d, J=15.4 Hz), 7.84 (1H, d, J=3.7Hz), 7.65-7.55 (3H, m), 7.34 (1H, d, J=7.3 Hz), 7.26-7.10 (3H, m), 6.72(1H, d, J=4.4 Hz), 6.10 (1H, d, J=15.4 Hz), 4.32 (2H, q, J=7.3 Hz), 2.34(3H, s), 1.41 (3H, t, J=7.3 Hz), LCMS (Method A) m/z: M+1 obs 370.3,tR=3.40 min.

Step-3: ethyl trans-2-(1- tosyl-1H-indol-7-yl)cyclopropanecarboxylate

Prepared as in Step-1 of Carboxylic acid intermediate-6 from (E)-ethyl3-(1-tosyl-1H-indol-7-yl)acrylate.

¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 7.75 (1H, d, J=3.7 Hz), 7.54 (2H, d, J=8.1Hz), 7.38 (1H, d, J=8.9 Hz), 7.21-7.10 (3H, m), 6.91 (1H, d, J=8.0 Hz),6.67 (1H, d, J=3.7 Hz), 4.29-4.19(2H, m), 3.17 (1H, m), 2.34 (3H, s),1.92 (1H, m), 1.48 (1H, m), 1.33 (3H, t, J=6.6 Hz), 1.24 (1H, m), LCMS(Method A) m/z: M+1 obs 384.2, tR=3.42 min.

Step-4: trans-2-(1H-indol-7-yl)cyclopropanecarboxylic acid

Prepared as in Step-2 of Carboxylic acid intermediate 6 from ethyltrans-2-(1-tosyl-1H-indol-7-yl)cyclopropanecarboxylate.

¹H-NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ 11.31 (1H, s), 7.39 (1H, d, J=8.1 Hz), 7.33(1H, t, J=1.5 Hz), 6.91 (1H, t, J=7.3 Hz), 6.68 (1H, d, J=7.3 Hz), 6.44(1H, t, J=1.5 Hz), 2.79 (1H, m), 1.88 (1H, m), 1.51 (1H, m), 1.34 (1H,m), LCMS (Method A) m/z: M−1 obs 200.3, tR=2.62 min.

Carboxylic Acid Intermediate-12trans-2-(1H-indol-2-yl)cyclopropanecarboxylic acid Step-1:ethyl(E)-3-(1-tosyl-1H-indol-2-yl)acrylate

Prepared as in Step-1 of Carboxylic acid intermediate-7 from 1-tosyl-1H-indole-2-carbaldehyde (Heterocycles, 76 (2), 1155-1170; 2008).

¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 8.37 (1H, d, J=16.1 Hz), 8.22 (1H, d, J=8.4Hz), 7.62 (2H, d, J=8.4 Hz), 7.48 (1H, d, J=8.1 Hz), 7.36 (1H, dt,J=7.3, 1.1 Hz), 7.26 (1H, m), 7.16 (2H, d, J=8.1 Hz), 6.96 (1H, s), 6.36(1H, d, J=16.1 Hz), 4.30 (2H, q, J=7.3 Hz), 2.32 (3H, s), 1.37(3H, t,J=7.3 Hz).

Step-2: ethyl trans-2-(1-tosyl-1H-indol-2-yl)cyclopropanecarboxylate

Prepared as in Step-1 of Carboxylic acid intermediate-6 fromethyl(E)-3-(1-tosyl-1H-indol-2-yl)acrylate:

¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3): δ 8.20 (1H, d, J=8.1 Hz), 7.73 (2H, d, J=8.1Hz), 7.42-7.19 (5H, m), 6.28 (1H, s), 4.28-4.11 (2H, m), 2.93 (1H, m),2.34 (3H, s), 1.82 (1H, m), 1.62 (1H, m), 1.35-1.22 (4H, m).

Step-3: trans-2-(1H-indol-2-yl)cyclopropanecarboxylic acid

Prepared as in Step-2 of Carboxylic acid intermediate-6 from ethyltrans-2-(1-tosyl-1H-indol-2-yl)cyclopropanecarboxylate:

¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 8.04 (1H, s), 7.49 (1H, d, J=7.3 Hz), 7.23(1H, d, J=8.8 Hz), 7.10 (2H, m); 6.14 (1H, S), 2.60 (1H, m), 1.92 (1H,m), 1.62 (1H, m), 1.41 (1H, m), LCMS (Method A) m/z: M+1 obs 202.3,tR=2.59 min.

Carboxylic Acid Intermediate-13trans-2-(5-fluoro-1H-indol-2yl)cyclopropanecarboxylic acid Step-1:5-fluoro-N-methoxy-N-methyl-1H-indole-2-carboxamide

N,O-dimethylhydroxylamine hydrochloride (1.089 g, 11.16 mmol) andtriethylamine (3.92 ml, 27.9 mmol) were added to a solution of5-fluoro-1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid (2.0 g, 11.16 mmol) indichloromethane (30 mL) and stirred at room temperature for 5 min. Then1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride (2.140 g,11.16 mmol) was added and stirred for 20 hours. After reaction, solventwas removed. The residue was suspended in minimum volume of acetone andthe insoluble white solid was removed by filtration. After vacuo, themixture was poured into saturated sodium bicarbonate aqueous solution,and the aqueous phase was extracted with ethyl acetate. The organiclayer was dried over magnesium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo. Theresidue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel eluting withhexane/ethyl acetate (2:1) to give 690 mg (28% yield) of the titlecompound as a white crystal:

¹H-NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ 11.6 (1H, s), 7.44 (1H, m), 7.38 (1H, d,J=2.6 Hz), 7.12 (1H, d, J=1.5 Hz), 7.06 (1H, dt, J=9.5, 2.6 Hz), 3.78(3H, s), 3.32 (3H, s).

Step-2: 5-fluoro-1H-indole-2-carbaldehyde

Lithium aluminium hydride (0.094 g, 2.488 mmol) was added to a solutionof 5-fluoro-N-methoxy-N-methyl-1H-indole-2-carboxamide (0.691 g, 3.11mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (10 ml) at 0° C. and stirred for 1 hour. Thereaction mixture was cooled to 0° C. and 25% ammonia solution was addeddropwise to the reaction mixture until lithium aluminium hydride colorturn gray to white. Then dichloromethane and cerite was added to thereaction mixture and stirred for 30 min. The mixture was filteredthrough a pad of Celite and concentrated in vacuo to give 523 mg of thecrude title compound. This was used for the next step without furtherpurification:

¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 9.85 (1H, s), 9.13 (1H, brs), 7.42-7.36 (2H,m), 7.24 (1H, d, J=1.1 Hz), 7.16 (1H, dt, J=9.2, 2.6 Hz).

Step-3: 5-fluoro-1-tosyl-1H-indole-2-carbaldehyde

p-Toluenesulfonyl chloride (2.445 g, 12.82 mmol),N,N-dimethyl-4-aminopyridine (0.1% g, 1.603 mmol) and triethylamine(2.253 ml, 16.03 mmol) were added to a solution of5-fluoro-1H-indole-2-carbaldehyde (0.523 g, 3.21 mmol) indichloromethane (10 ml) and stirred at room temperature for 20 hours.After reaction, the mixture was poured into saturated sodium bicarbonateaqueous solution, and the aqueous phase was extracted with ethylacetate. The organic layer was dried over magnesium sulfate andconcentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by column chromatographyon silica gel eluting with hexane/ethyl acetate (10:1) to give 823 mg(81% yield) of the title compound as a white crystal:

¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 10.5 (1H, s), 8.20 (1H, dd, J=10.0, 4.2 Hz),7.62 (2H, d, J=8.4 Hz), 7.40 (1H, s), 7.29-7.19 (4H, m), 2.34 (3H, s).

Step-4: ethyl(E)-3-(5-fluoro-1-tosyl-1H-indol-2-yl)acrylate

Prepared as in Step-1 of Carboxylic acid intermediate-7 from5-fluoro-1-tosyl-1H-indole-2-carbaldehyde.

¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 8.33 (1H, d, J=16.1 Hz), 8.17 (1H, dd, J=9.2,4.4 Hz), 7.59 (2H, d, J=8.4 Hz), 7.19-7.05 (4H, m), 6.90 (1H, S), 6.35(1H, d, J=16.1 Hz), 4.30 (2H, q, J=7.3 Hz), 2.33 (3H, s), 1.37 (3H, t,J=7.3 Hz).

Step-5: ethyltrans-2-(5-fluoro-1-tosyl-1H-indol-2-yl)cyclopropanecarboxylate

Prepared as in Step-1 of Carboxylic acid intermediate-6 from ethyl(E)-3-(5-fluoro-1-tosyl-1H-indol-2-yl)acrylate.

¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 8.14 (1H, dd, J=8.8, 4.4 Hz), 7.69 (2H, d,J=8.1 Hz), 7.21 (2H, d, J=8.1 Hz), 7.07-6.98 (2H, m), 6.23 (1H, s), 4.23(2H, m), 2.91 (1H, m), 2.35 (3H, s), 1.82 (1H, m), 1.62 (1H, m), 1.32(3H, t, J=7.3 Hz), 1.28 (1H, m).

Step-6: trans-2-(5-fluoro-1H-indol -2-yl)cyclopropanecarboxylic acid

Prepared as in Step-2 of Carboxylic acid intermediate-6 from ethyltrans-2-(5-fluoro-1-tosyl-1H-indol-2-yl)cyclopropanecarboxylate.

¹H-NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 11.1 (1H, s), 7.21 (1H, dd, J=8.8, 4.8 Hz),7.10 (1H, dd, J=10.3, 2.6 Hz), 6.81 (1H, dt, J=8.8, 2.6 Hz), 6.18 (1H,d, J=1.8 Hz), 2.48 (1H, m), 1.87 (1H, m), 1.42 (2H, m), LCMS (Method A)m/z: M+1 obs 220.3, tR=2.64 min.

Carboxylic Acid Intermediate-14trans-2-(4-fluoro-1H-indol-3-yl)cyclopropanecarboxylic acid Step-1:ethyl(E)-3-(4-fluoro-1-tosyl-1H-indol-3-yl)acrylate

Prepared as in Step-1 of Carboxylic acid intermediate-7 from4-fluoro-1-tosyl-1H-indole-3-carbaldehyde.

¹H-NMR (270 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 7.88-7.72 (5H, m), 7.32-7.20 (3H, m), 6.95(1H, dd, J=8.2 & 10.9 Hz), 6.48 (1H, d, J=16.1 Hz), 4.24 (2H, q, J=7.2Hz), 2.35 (3H, s), 1.32 (3H, t, J=7.2 Hz).

Step-2: ethyltrans-2-(4-fluoro-1-tosyl-1H-indol-3-yl)cyclopropanecarboxylate

Prepared as in Step-1 of Carboxylic acid intermediate-6 from ethyl(E)-3-(4-fluoro-1-tosyl-1H-indol-3-yl)acrylate.

¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 7.77-7.70 (3H, m), 7.6-7.3 (4H, m), 6.95-6.86(1H, m), 4.18 (2H, q, J=7.3 Hz), 2.72-2.62 (1H, m), 2.36 (3H, s),1.87-1.79 (1H, m), 1.65-1.55 (1H, m), 1.35-1.25 (1H, m), 1.29 (3H, t,J=7.3 Hz).

Step-3: trans-2-(4-fluoro-1H-indol-3-yl)cyclopropanecarboxylic acid

Prepared as in Step-2 of Carboxylic acid intermediate-6 from ethyltrans-2-(4-fluoro-1-tosyl-1H-indol-3-yl)cyclopropanecarboxylate

LCMS (Method A) m/z: M−1 obs 218.3, tR=2.52 min.

Carboxylic Acid Intermediate-15trans-2-(quinolin-2-yl)cyclopropanecarboxylic acid Step-1: ethyltrans-2-(quinolin-2-yl)cyclopropanecarboxylate

Prepared as in Step-1 of Carboxylic acid intermediate-6 from (E)-ethyl3-(quinolin-2-yl)acrylate.

¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 8.04 (1H, d, J=8.8 Hz), 7.93 (1H, d, J=8.1Hz), 7.75 (1H, d, J=8.1 Hz), 7.65 (1H, t, J=8.1 Hz), 7.46 (1H, t, J=8.1Hz), 7.33 (1H, d, J=8.8 Hz), 4.18 (2H, d, J=7.3 Hz), 2.80-2.73 (1H, m),2.47-2.40 (1H, m), 1.82-1.75 (1H, m), 1.71-1.64 (1H, m), 1.29 (3H, t,J=7.3 Hz), LCMS (Method A) m/z: M+1 obs 242.2, tR=3.09 min.

Step-2: trans-2-(quinolin-2-yl)cyclopropanecarboxylic acid

Prepared as in Step-2 of Carboxylic acid intermediate-6 from ethyltrans-2-(quinolin-2-yl)cyclopropanecarboxylate.

¹H-NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ 8.27 (1H, d, J=8.8 Hz), 7.94 (1H, d, J=8.0Hz), 7.87 (1H, d, J=8.0 Hz), 7.70 (1H, t, J=8.0 Hz), 7.58 (1H, d, J=8.8Hz), 7.52 (1H, t, J=8.0 Hz), 2.75 (1H, br), 2.20 (1H, br), 1.68-1.48(2H, m) (a signal due to COOH was not observed), LCMS (Method A) m/z:M−1 obs 212.2, tR=2.27 min.

Carboxylic Acid Intermediate-16trans-2-(1H-indazol-3-yl)cyclopropanecarboxylic acid Step-1:methyl(E)-3-(1-tosyl-1H-indazol-3-yl)acrylate

Prepared as in Step-1 of Carboxylic acid intermediate-11 from methyl(E)-3-(1H-indazol-3-yl)acrylate.

¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 8.25 (1H, d, J=8.8 Hz), 7.93-7.84 (4H, m),7.60 (1H, t, J=7.7 Hz), 7.41 (1H, t, J=7.7 Hz), 7.30-7.24 (2H, m), 6.87(1H, d, J=16.8 Hz), 3.84 (3H, s), 2.37 (3H, s), LCMS (Method A) m/z: M+1obs 357.2, tR=3.32 min.

Step-2: methyl trans-2-(1-tosyl-1H-indazol-3-yl)cyclopropanecarboxylate

Prepared as in Step 1 of Carboxylic acid intermediate-6 from methyl(E)-3-(1-tosyl-1H-indazol-3-yl)acrylate.

¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 8.16 (1H, d, J=8.0 Hz), 7.79 (2H, d, J=8.0Hz), 7.69 (1H, d, J=8.0 Hz), 7.55 (1H, t, d=8.0 Hz), 7.33 (1H, t, J=8.0Hz), 7.22 (2H, d, J=8.0 Hz), 3.73 (3H, s), 2.80-2.70 (1H, m), 2.35 (3H,s), 2.33-2.27 (1H, m), 1.72-1.62 (2H, m), LCMS (Method A) m/z: M+1 obs371.2, tR=3.25 min.

Step-3: trans-2-(1H-indazol-3-yl)cyclopropanecarboxylic acid

Prepared as in Step-2 of Carboxylic acid intermediate-6 from methyltrans-2-(1-tosyl-1H-indazol-3-yl)cyclopropanecarboxylate.

¹H-NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ 12.75 (1H, br), 7.78 (1H, d, J=8.0 Hz),7.46 (1H, d, J=8.0 Hz), 7.33 (1H, t, J=8.0 Hz), 7.09 (1H, t, J=8.0 Hz),2.77-2.65 (1H, m), 2.08-2.00 (1H, m), 1.58-1.47 (2H, m), LCMS (Method A)m/z: M−1 obs 201.3, tR=2.29 min.

Carboxylic Acid Intermediate-17trans-2-(quinolin-7-yl)cyclopropanecarboxylic acid Step-1: ethyl(E)-3-(quinolin-7-yl)acrylate

Prepared as in Step-1 of Carboxylic acid intermediate-7 fromquinoline-7-carbaldehyde.

¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 8.95 (1H, d, J=4.4 Hz), 8.20 (1H, s), 8.15(1H, d, J=8.8 Hz), 7.87 (1H, d, J=16.1 Hz), 7.83 (1H, d, d=8.8 Hz), 7.73(1H, d, J=8.8 Hz), 7.42 (1H, dd, J=4.4 & 8.0 Hz), 6.62 (1h, d, J=16.1Hz), 4.31 (2H, q, J=7.3 Hz), 1.37 (3H, t, J=7.3 Hz), LCMS (Method A)m/z: M+1 obs 228.3, tR=2.82 min.

Step-2: ethyl trans-2-(quinolin-7-yl)cyclopropanecarboxylate

Prepared as in Step-1 of Carboxylic acid intermediate-6 from ethyl(E)-3-(quinolin-7-yl)acrylate.

¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃): δ *8.91-8.85 (1H, m), 8.11 (1H, d, J=8.8 Hz),7.80 (1H, s), 7.74 (1H, d, J=8.8 Hz), 7.40-7.30 (2H, m), 4.19 (2H, q,J=8.0 Hz), 2.76-2.67 (1H, m), 2.10-2.02 (1H, m), 1.76-1.68 (1H, m),1.54-1.45 (1H, m), 1.30 (3H, t, J=8.0 Hz), LCMS (Method A) m/z: M+1 obs242.3, tR=2.79 min.

Step-3: trans-2-(quinolin-7-yl)cyclopropanecarboxylic acid

Prepared as in Step-2 of Carboxylic acid intermediate-6 from ethyltrans-2-(quinolin-7-yl)cyclopropanecarboxylate.

¹H-NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ 8.86 (1H, d, J=4.4 Hz), 8.31 (1H, d, J=8.8Hz), 7.90 (1H, d, J=9.5 Hz), 7.81 (1H, s), 7.46 (1H, dd, J=4.4 & 8.8Hz), 7.40 (1H, d, J=9.5 Hz), 2.66-2.58 (1H, m), 2.03-1.95 (1H, m),1.57-1.50 (2H, m) (a signal due to COOH was not observed), LCMS (MethodA) m/z: M−1 obs 212.3, tR=2.13 min.

Carboxylic Acid Intermediate-18trans-2-(1-methyl-1H-indol-6-yl)cyclopropanecarboxylic acid Step-1:ethyl(E)-3-(1-methyl-1H-indol-6-yl)acrylate

Prepared as in Step-1 of Carboxylic acid intermediate-7 from1-methyl-1H-indole-6-carbaldehyde.

¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 7.85 (1H, d, J=15.4 Hz), 7.60 (1H, d, J=8.0Hz), 7.47 (1H, s), 7.34 (1H, d, J=8.0 Hz), 7.13 (1H, d, J=2.9 Hz), 6.49(1H, d, J=2.9 Hz), 6.47 (1H, d, J=15.4 Hz), 4.27 (2H, q, J=7.3 Hz), 3.82(3H, s), 1.35 (3H, t, J=7.3 Hz), LCMS (Method A) m/z: M+1 obs 230.3,tR=3.15 min.

Step-2: ethyl trans-2-(1-methyl-1H-indol-6-yl)cyclopropanecarboxylate

Prepared as in Step-1 of Carboxylic acid intermediate-6 from ethyl(E)-3-(1-methyl-1H-indol-6-yl)acrylate.

¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 7.52 (1H, d, J=8.1 Hz), 7.08 (1H, s), 7.00(1H, d, J=2.9 Hz), 6.86 (1H, d, J=8.1 Hz), 6.43 (1H, d, J=2.9 Hz), 4.18(2H, q, J=7.4 Hz), 3.76 (3H, s), 2.72-2.63 (1H, m), 1.99-1.90 (1H, m),1.66-1.59 (1H, m), 1.44-1.35 (1H, m), 1.29 (3H, t, J=7.4 Hz), LCMS(Method A) m/z: M+1 obs 244.3, tR=3.17 min.

Step-3: trans-2-(1-methyl-1H-indol-6-yl)cyclopropanecarboxylic acid

Prepared as in Step-2 of Carboxylic acid intermediate-6 from ethyltrans-2-(1-methyl-1H-indol-6-yl)cyclopropanecarboxylate.

¹H-NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ 12.2 (1H, br), 7.42 (1H, d, J=8.1 Hz),7.26-7.20 (2H, m), 6.82 (1H, d, J=8.0 Hz), 6.35 (1H, d, J=2.9 Hz), 3.75(3H, s), 2.50-2.44 (1H, m), 1.85-1.77 (1H, m), 1.47-1.38 (2H, m), LCMS(Method A) m/z: M−1 obs 214.2, tR=2.67 min.

Carboxylic Acid Intermediate-19trans-2-(6-fluoro-1H-indol-3-yl)cyclopropanecarboxylic acid Step-1:ethyl(E)-3-(6-fluoro-1-tosyl-1H-indol-3-yl)acrylate

Prepared as in Step-1 of Carboxylic acid intermediate-7 from6-fluoro-1-tosyl-1H-indole-3-carbaldehyde.

¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 7.82-7.70 (6H, m), 7.34-7.25 (2H, m), 7.08(1H, t J=8.8 Hz), 6.48 (1H, d, J=16.1 Hz), 4.27 (2H, q, J=7.3 Hz), 2.38(3H, S), 1.34 (3H, t, J=7.3 Hz), LCMS (Method A) m/z: M+1 obs 388.2,tR=3.57 min.

Step-2: ethyltrans-2-(6-fluoro-1-tosyl-1H-indol-3-yl)cyclopropanecarboxylate

Prepared as in Step-1 of Carboxylic acid intermediate-6 from ethyl(E)-3-(6-fluoro-1-tosyl-1H-indol-3-yl)acrylate.

¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 7.73 (2H, d, J=8.0 Hz), 7.68 (1H, dd, J=2.2 &9.5 Hz), 7.47 (1H, dd, J=5.1 & 8.8 Hz), 7.28-7.22 (2H, m), 7.00 (1H, dt,J=2.2 & 8.8 Hz), 4.19 (2H, q, J=7.3 Hz), 2.50-2.40 (1H, m), 2.36 (3H,s), 1.87-1.80 (1H, m), 1.61-1.53 (1H, m), 1.31 (3H, t, J=7.3 Hz),1.28-1.21 (1H, m), LCMS (Method A) m/z: M+1 obs 402.2, tR=3.48 min.

Step-3: trans-2-(6-fluoro-1H-indol-3-yl)cyclopropanecarboxylic acid

Prepared as in Step-2 of Carboxylic acid intermediate-6 from ethyltrans-2-(6-fluoro-1-tosyl-1H-indol-3-yl)cyclopropanecarboxylate. LCMS(Method A) m/z: M−1 obs 218.3, tR=2.54 min.

Carboxylic Acid Intermediate-20trans-2-((4-chlorophenoxy)methyl)cyclopropanecarboxylic acid Step-1:ethyl trans-2-((4-chlorophenoxy)methyl)cyclopropanecarboxylate

To a suspension of sodium hydride (60%, 650 mg, 16.3 mmol) in toluene(25 mL) was added dropwise a solution of triethyl phosphonoacetate (3.64g, 16.3 mmol) in toluene (5 mL) at 0° C. After stirring at roomtemperature for 10 min, 2-((4-chlorophenoxy)methyl)oxirane (1.50 g, 8.1mmol) was added, and the mixture was refluxed with stirring for 1 day.After cooling to room temperature, the mixture was poured into brine,and the aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc twice. The combinedorganic layer was dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo.The residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel elutingwith hexane/ethyl acetate (10:1-5:1) to give 1.25 g (60%) of the titlecompound as a colorless oil.

¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 7.22 (2H, d, J=8.8 Hz), 6.80 (2H, d, J=8.8Hz), 4.15 (2H, q, J=7.3 Hz), 3.92 (1H, dd, J=6.6 & 10.2 Hz), 3.83 (1H,dd, J=6.6 & 10.2 Hz), 1.93-1.82 (1H, m), 1.71-1.65 (1H, m), 1.27 (3H, t,J=7.3 Hz). 1.01-0.93 (1H, m), 0.90-0.76 (1H, m), LCMS (Method A) m/z:M+1 obs 255.2, tR=3.25 min.

Step-2: trans-2-((4-chlorophenoxy)methyl)cyclopropanecarboxylic acid

Prepared as in Step-2 of Carboxylic acid intermediate-6 fromtrans-2-((4-chlorophenoxy)methyl)cyclopropanecarboxylic acid.

¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 7.22 (2H, d, J=8.8 Hz), 6.80 (2H, d, J=8.8Hz), 3.96 (1H, dd, J=5.9 & 10.3 Hz), 8.81 (1H, dd, J=6.6 & 10.3 Hz),2.00-1.90 (1H, m), 1.75-1.68 (1H, m), 1.41-1.32 (1H, m), 1.12-1.05 (1H,m) (a signal due to COOH was not observed), LCMS (Method A) m/z: M−1 obs225.2, tR=2.80 min.

Carboxylic Acid Intermediate-21trans-2-(isoquinolin-3-yl)cyclopropanecarboxylic acid Step-1: ethyl(E)-3-(isoquinolin-3-yl)acrylate

Prepared as in Step-1 of Carboxylic acid intermediate-7 fromisoquinoline-3-carbaldehyde.

¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ (300 MHz, CDCl3) 9.25 (1H, s), 7.99 (1H, d,J=8.0 Hz), 7.85 (1H, d, J=7.3 Hz), 7.83 (1H, d, J=15.4 Hz), 7.75-7.62(3H, m), 7.19 (1H, d, d=15.4 Hz), 4.29 (2H, q, J=6.6 Hz), 1.35 (3H, t,J=6.6 Hz), LCMS (Method A) m/z: M+1 obs 228.2, tR=2.99 min.

Step-2: ethyl trans-2-(isoquinolin-3-yl)cyclopropanecarboxylate

Prepared as in Step-1 of Carboxylic acid intermediate-6 from ethyl(E)-3-(isoquinolin-3-yl)acrylate.

¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 9.11 (1H, s), 7.92 (1H, d, J=8.0 Hz), 7.75(1H, d, J=7.4 Hz), 7.66 (1H, m), 7.58 (1H, s), 7.53 (1H, m), 4.19 (2H,q, J=6.6 Hz), 2.76 (1H, m), 2.33 (1H, m), 1.77-1.63 (2H, m), 1.29 (3H,t, J=6.6 Hz).

Step-3: trans-2-(isoquinolin-3-yl)cyclopropanecarboxylic acid

Prepared as in Step-2 of Carboxylic acid intermediate-6 from ethyltrans-2-(isoquinolin-3-yl)cyclopropanecarboxylate.

LCMS (Method A) m/z: M+1 obs 214.3, tR=2.40 min.

Carboxylic Acid Intermediate-22trans-2-(quinolin-3-yl)cyclopropanecarboxylic acid Step-1: ethyltrans-2-(quinolin-3-yl)cyclopropanecarboxylate

Prepared as in Step-1 of Carboxylic acid intermediate-6 from ethyl(E)-3-(quinolin-3-yl)acrylate.

¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 8.77 (1H, d, J=2.2 Hz), 8.08 (1H, d, J=8.8Hz), 7.80 (1H, d, J=2.2 Hz), 7.75 (1H, dd, J=8.0, 1.5 Hz), 7.68 (1H, td,J=6.6, 1,5 Hz), 7.54 (1H, m), 4.22 (2H, q, J=7.3 Hz), 2.73 (1H, m), 2.07(1H, m), 1.75 (1H, m), 1.46 (1H, m), 1.31 (3H, t, J=7.3 Hz), LCMS(Method A) m/z: M+1 obs 242.3, tR=2.85 min.

Step-2: trans-2-(quinolin-3-yl)cyclopropanecarboxylic acid

Prepared as in Step-2 of Carboxylic acid intermediate-6 from ethyltrans-2-(quinolin-3-yl)cyclopropanecarboxylate.

¹H-NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ 8.83 (1H, d, J=2.2 Hz), 8.10 (1H, d, J=2.2Hz). 7.99 (1H, d, J=8.0 Hz), 7.89 (1H, d, J=7.3 Hz), 7.71 (1H, m), 7.59(1H, t, J=8.1 Hz), 2.63 (1H, m), 2.05 (1H, m), 1.55 (2H, t, J=6.6 Hz),LCMS (Method A) m/z: M+1 obs 214.3, tR=2.30 min.

Carboxylic Acid Intermediate-232-(3-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl)cyclopropanecarboxylic acid Step-1:ethyl(E)-3-(3-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl)acrylate

Prepared as in Step-1 of Carboxylic acid intermediate-7 from3-(difluoromethoxy)benzaldehyde.

¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 7.95 (1H, d, J=16.1 Hz), 7.62 (1H, dd, J=7.7,1.8 Hz), 7.38 (1H, dt, J=7.7, 1.5 Hz), 7.26-7.16 (2H, m), 6.56 (1H, t,J=73 Hz), 6.48 (1H, d, J=16.1 Hz), 4.27 (2H, q, J=7.0 Hz), 1.34 (3H, t,J=7.0 Hz).

Step-2: ethyl trans-2-(3-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl)cyclopropanecarboxylate

Prepared as in Step-1 of Carboxylic acid intermediate-6 from ethyl(E)-3-(3-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl)acrylate.

¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 7.25-7.09 (3H, m), 6.97 (1H, dd, J=7.7, 1.8Hz), 6.52 (1H, t, J=74 Hz), 4.19 (2H, m), 2.71 (1H, m), 1.83 (1H, m),1.61 (1H, m), 1.31 (1H, m), 1.28 (3H, t, J=7.0 Hz).

Step-3: trans-2-(3-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl)cyclopropanecarboxylic acid

Prepared as in Step-2 of Carboxylic acid intermediate-6 from ethyltrans-2-(3-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl)cyclopropanecarboxylate.

LCMS (Method A) m/z: M−1 obs 228.2, tR=2.66 min.

Carboxylic Acid Intermediate-24trans-2-(2-fluoro-5-methoxyphenyl)cyclopropanecarboxylic acid Step-1:ethyl trans-2-(2-fluoro-5-methoxyphenyl)cyclopropanecarboxylic acid

Prepared as in Step-1 of Carboxylic acid intermediate-6 from ethyl(E)-3-(2-fluoro-5-methoxyphenyl)acrylate.

¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 6.93 (1H, t, J=9.2 Hz), 6.66 (1H, dt, J=8.9,3.3 Hz), 6.45 (1H, dd, J=5.9, 3.0 Hz), 4.17 (2H, q, J=7.3 Hz), 3.75 (3H,s), 2.62 (1H, m), 1.93 (1H, m), 1.58 (1H, m), 1.33 (1H, m), 1.28 (3H, t,J=7.3 Hz).

Step-2: trans-2-(2-fluoro-5-methoxyphenyl)cyclopropanecarboxylic acid

Prepared as in Step-2 of Carboxylic acid intermediate-6 from ethyltrans-2-(2-fluoro-5-methoxyphenyl)cyclopropanecarboxylate.

LCMS (Method A) m/z: M−1 obs 209.2, tR=2.59 min.

Carboxylic Acid Intermediate-25trans-2-((1H-indol-1-yl)methyl)cyclopropanecarboxylic acid Step-1: ethyltrans-2-((1H-indol-1-yl)methyl)cyclopropanecarboxylate

To a suspension of sodium hydride (60%, 55 mg, 1.4 mmol) in DMF (5 mL)was added indole (135 mg, 1.2 mmol). After stirring at room temperaturefor 10 min, ethyl 2-(((methylsulfonyl)oxy)methyl)cyclopropanecarboxylate(307 mg, 1.4 mmol) was added. After stirring at room temperature for 6h, the mixture was poured into water, and the aqueous layer wasextracted with EtOAc twice. The combined organic layer was dried oversodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified bycolumn chromatography on silica gel eluting with hexane/ethyl acetate(10:1-5:1) to give 153 mg (54%) of the title compound as a pale brownoil;

¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 7.67-7.60 (1H, m), 7.42-7.09 (4H, m),6.57-6.50 (1H, m), 4.22-4.02 (4H, m), 1.96-1.86 (1H, m), 1.69-1.62 (1H,m), 1.31-1.25 (1H, m), 1.24 (3H, t, J=7.3 Hz), 0.95-0.87 (1H, m), LCMS(Method A) m/z: M+1 obs 244.3, tR=3.17 min.

Step-2: trans-2-((1H-indol-1-yl)methyl)cyclopropanecarboxylic acid

Prepared as in Step-2 of Carboxylic acid intermediate-6 from ethyltrans-2-((1H-indol-1-yl)methyl)cyclopropanecarboxylate.

¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 7.66-7.61 (1H, m), 7.43-7.08 (4H, m),6.58-6.50 (1H, m), 4.20-4.06 (2H, m), 2.00-1.91 (1H, m), 1.70-1.62 (1H,m), 1.36-1.27 (1H, m), 1.01-0.94 (1H, m) (a signal due to COOH was notobserved), LCMS (Method A) m/z: M−1 obs 214.3, tR=2.72 min.

Carboxylic Acid Intermediate-26trans-2-(1-((3-methyloxetan-3-yl)methyl)-1H-6-yl)cyclopropanecarboxylicacid Step-1: 1-((3-methyloxetan-3-yl)methyl)-1H-indole-6-carbaldehyde

Prepared as in Step-1 of Carboxylic acid intermediate-11 from1H-indole-6-carbaldehyde.

¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 10.06 (1H, s), 7.93 (1H, s), 7.73 (1H, d,J=8.0 Hz), 7.64 (1H, d, J=8.0 Hz), 7.30 (1H, d, J=3.7 Hz), 6.63 (1H, d,J=3.7 Hz), 4.67 (2H, d, J=6.6 Hz), 4.45 (2H, s), 4.42 (2H, d, J=6.6 Hz),1.31 (3H, s), LCMS (Method A) m/z: M+1 obs 230.2, tR=2.62 min.

Step-2:ethyl(E)-3-(1-((3-methyloxetan-3-yl)methyl)-1H-indol-6-yl)acrylate

Prepared as in Step-1 of Carboxylic acid intermediate-7 from1-((3-methyloxetan-3-yl)methyl)-1H-indole-6-carbaldehyde.

¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 7.83 (1H, d, J=16.1 Hz), 7.62 (1H, d, J=8.1Hz), 7.50 (1H, s), 7.36 (1H, d, J=8.1 Hz), 7.15 (1H, d, J=3.0 Hz), 6.55(1H, d, J=3.0 Hz), 6.47 (1H, d, J=16.1 Hz), 4.68 (2H, d, J=5.9 Hz), 4.43(2H, d, J=5.9 Hz), 4.40 (2H, s), 4.29 (2H, q, J=7.4 Hz), 1.36 (3H, t,J=7.4 Hz), 1.32 (3H, s), LCMS (Method A) m/z: M+1 obs 300.2, tR=3.09min.

Step-3: ethyltrans-2-(1-((3-methyloxetan-3-yl)methyl)-1H-indol-6-yl)cyclopropanecarboxylate

Prepared as in Step-1 of Carboxylic acid intermediate-6 from ethyl(E)-3-(1-((3-methyloxetan-3-yl)methyl)-1H-indol-6-yl)acrylate.

¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 7.52 (1H, d, J=8.1 Hz), 7.13 (1H, s), 7.01(1H, d, J=2.9 Hz), 6.83 (1H, d, J=8.1 Hz), 6.48 (1H, d, J=3.0 Hz), 4.67(2H, d, J=6.6 Hz), 4.41 (2H, d, J=6.6 Hz), 4.34 (2H, s), 4.18 (2H, q,J=7.3 Hz), 2.67 (1H, m), 1.93 (1H, m), 1.63 (1H, m), 1.40-1.25 (7H, m),LCMS (Method A) m/z: M+1 obs 314.2, tR=3.10 min.

Step-4:trans-2-(1-((3-methyloxetan-3-yl)methyl)-1H-indol-6-yl)cyclopropanecarboxylicacid

Prepared as in Step-2 of Carboxylic acid intermediate-6 from ethyltrans-2-(1-((3-methyloxetan-3-yl)methyl)-1H-indol-6-yl)cyclopropanecarboxylate.

¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 7.54 (1H, d, J=8.1 Hz), 7.17 (1H, S), 7.03(1H, d, J=3.7 Hz), 6.85 (1H, d, J=8.1 Hz), 6.50 (1H, d, d=3.6 Hz), 4.69(2H, d, J=6.6 Hz), 4.43 (2H, d, J=5.9 Hz), 4.35 (2H, s), 2.76 (1H, m),1.96 (1H, m), 1.72 (1H, m), 1.49 (1H, m), 1.32 (3H, s).

Carboxylic Acid Intermediate-27trans-2-(2-(isopropylamino)pyridin-4-yl)cyclopropanecarboxylic acidStep-1: ethyl trans-2-(2-chloropyridin-4-yl)cyclopropanecarboxylate.

Prepared as in Step-1 of Carboxylic acid intermediate-6 from (E)-ethyl3-(2-chloropyridin-4-yl)acrylate.

¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 8.25 (1H, d, J=5.1 Hz), 7.04 (1H, s), 6.91(1H, dd, J=5.1, 1.4 Hz), 4.18 (2H, q, J=8.6 Hz), 2.46 (1H, m), 2.00 (1H,m), 1.71 (1H, m), 1.36 (1H, m), 1.29 (3H, t, 6.6 Hz), LCMS (Method A)m/z: M+1 obs 226.2, tR=2.82 min.

Step-2: ethyltrans-2-(2-(isopropylamino)pyridin-4-yl)cyclopropanecarboxylate

To a dioxane (5 mL) solution of ethyltrans-2-(2-chloropyridin-4-yl)cyclopropanecarboxylate (250 mg, 1.1 mmol)and iropropylamine (393 mg, 6.7 mmol) were added cesium carbonate (1.1g, 3.3 mmol), Xantophos (224 mg, 0.4 mmol) and palladium acetate (50 mg,0.2 mmol) at room temperature respectively. The mixture was sealed andstirred at 100° C. for 14 hours. After being filtered off, the filtratewas concentrated under reduced pressure, the residue was applied to asilica gel chromatography column and eluted with a hexane/ethylacetate=6/1 to furnish 100 mg (36% yield) of the title as a colorlessoil.

¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 7.93 (1H, d, J=5.9 Hz), 6.18 (1H, d, J=5.9Hz), 6.11 (1H, s), 4.32 (1H, brd, J=7.3 Hz), 4.16 (2H, q, J=7.3 Hz),3.87 (1H, m), 2.36 (1H, m), 1.93 (1H, m), 1.60 (1H, m), 1.33-1.18 (10H,m), LCMS (Method A) m/z: M+1 obs 249.3, tR=2.04 min.

Step-3: trans-(2-(2-isopropylamino)pyridin-4-yl)cyclopropanecarboxylicacid

Prepared as in Step-2 of Carboxylic acid intermediate-6 from ethyltrans-2-(2-(isopropylamino)pyridin-4-yl)cyclopropanecarboxylate.

LCMS (Method A) m/z: M+1 obs 221.3, tR=0.82 min.

Carboxylic Acid Intermediate-28 2-(1H-indol-4-yl)cyclopropanecarboxylicacid Step-1: ethyl 2-(1-tosyl-1H-indol-4-yl)cyclopropanecarboxylate

Prepared as in Step-1 of Carboxylic acid intermediate-6 from (E)-ethyl3-(1-tosyl-1H-indol-4-yl)acrylate.

¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 7.86 (1H, d, J=8.8 Hz), 7.76 (2H, d, J=8.1Hz), 7.59 (1H, d, J=4.4 Hz), 7.26-7.19 (3H, m), 6.85-6.80 (2H, m), 4.19(2H, q, J=6.6 Hz), 2.73 (1H, m), 2.34 (3H, s), 1.94 (1H, m), 1.64 (1H,m), 1.36 (1H, m), 1.29 (3H, t, J=7.3 Hz), LCMS (Method A) m/z: M+1 obs384.2, tR=3.47 min.

Step-2: 2-(1H-indol-4-yl)cyclopropanecarboxylic acid

Prepared as in Step-2 of Carboxylic acid intermediate-6 from ethyl2-(1-tosyl-1H-indol-4-yl)cyclopropanecarboxylate.

¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 8.25 (1H, brs), 7.33-7.24 (2H, m), 7.14 (1H,t, J=7.3 Hz), 6.80 (1H, d, J=7.3 Hz), 6.72 (1H, m), 2.98 (1H, m), 2.05(1H, m), 1.75 (1H, m), 1.58 (1H, m), LCMS (Method A) m/z: M+1 obs 202.2,tR=2.38 min.

Carboxylic Acid Intermediate-292-(8-chloroquinolin-2-yl)cyclopropanecarboxylic acid Step-1: (E)-ethyl3-(8-chloroquinolin-2-yl)acrylate

Prepared as in Step-1 of Carboxylic acid intermediate-7 from8-chloroquinoline-2-carbaldehyde.

¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 8.23 (1H, d, J=8.8 Hz), 7.96 (1H, d, J=15.4Hz), 7.88 (1H, dd, J=7.3, 1.4 Hz), 7.77 (1H, d, J=7.3 Hz), 7.69 (1H, d,J=8.8 Hz), 7.50 (1H, t, J=8.1 Hz), 7.13 (1H, d, J=15.4 Hz), 4.34 (2H, q,J=6.6 Hz), 1.40 (3H, t, J=6.6 Hz), LCMS (Method A) m/z: M+1 obs 262.1,tR=3.24 min.

Step-2: ethyl 2-(8-chloroquinolin-2-yl)cyclopropanecarboxylate

Prepared as in Step-1 of Carboxylic acid intermediate-6 from (E)-ethyl3-(8-chloroquinolin-2-yl)acrylate.

LCMS (Method A) m/z: M+1 obs 276.1, tR=3.40 min.

Step-3: 2-(8-chloroquinolin-2-yl)cyclopropanecarboxylic acid

Prepared as in Step-2 of Carboxylic acid intermediate-6 from ethyl2-(8-chloroquinolin-2-yl)cyclopropanecarboxylate.

LCMS (Method A) m/z: M+1 obs 248.2, tR=2.82 min.

Carboxylic Acid Intermediate-302-(1-methyl-1H-indazol-6-yl)cyclopropanecarboxylic acid Step-1:(E)-ethyl 3-(1-methyl-1H-indazol-6-yl)acrylate

Prepared as in Step-1 of Carboxylic acid intermediate-7 from1-methyl-1H-indazole-6-carbaldehyde.

¹H-NMR (270 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 7.97 (1H, s), 7.82 (1H, d, J=16.1 Hz), 7.71(1H, d, J=8.2 Hz), 7.50 (1H, s), 7.35 (1H, dd, J=8.6, 1.0 Hz), 6.53 (1H,d, J=16.1 Hz), 4.28 (2H, q, J=6.9 Hz), 4.09 (3H, s), 1.35 (3H, t, J=6.9Hz), LCMS (Method A) m/z: M+1 obs 231.2, tR=2.88 min.

Step-2: ethyl 2-(1-methyl-1H-indazol-6-yl)cyclopropanecarboxylate

Prepared as in Step-1 of Carboxylic acid intermediate-6 from (E)-ethyl3-(1-methyl-1H-indazol-6-yl)acrylate.

¹H-NMR (270 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 7.91 (1H, s), 7.61 (1H, d, J=8.6 Hz), 7.13(1H, s), 6.87 (1H, dd, J=8.6, 1.3 Hz), 4.18 (2H, q, J=7.3 Hz), 4.04 (3H,s), 2.67 (1H, m), 1.98 (1H, m), 1.66 (1H, m), 1.41 (1H, m), 1.29 (3H, t,J=7.3 Hz), LCMS (Method A) m/z: M+1 obs 245.3, tR=2.95 min.

Step-3: 2-(1-methyl-1H-indazol-6-yl)cyclopropanecarboxylic acid

Prepared as in Step-2 of Carboxylic acid intermediate-6 from ethyl2-(1-methyl-1H-indazol-6-yl)cyclopropanecarboxylate.

¹H-NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ 7.94 (1H, s), 7.62 (1H, d, 8.1 Hz), 7.42(1H, s), 6.92 (1H, d, J=8.4 Hz), 3.98 (3H, s), 2.49 (1H, m), 1.90 (1H,m), 1.48-1.43 (2H, m), LCMS (Method A) m/z: M+1 obs 217.2, tR=2.37 min.

Carboxylic Acid Intermediate-31 2-(1H-indol-5-yl)cyclopropanecarboxylicacid Step-1: (E)-ethyl-3-(1-tosyl-1H-indol-5-yl)acrylate

Prepared as in Step-1 of Carboxylic acid intermediate-7 from1-tosyl-1H-indole-5-carbaldehyde.

¹H-NMR (270 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 7.98 (1H, d, J=8.6 Hz), 7.76 (2H, d, J=8.6Hz), 7.74 (1H, d, J=15.8 Hz), 7.66 (1H, s), 7.58 (1H, d, J=3.9 Hz), 7.50(1H, d, J=8.6 Hz), 7.23 (2H, d, J=8.6 Hz), 6.66 (1H, d, J=3.3 Hz), 6.41(1H, d, J=15.8 Hz), 4.26 (2H, q, J=7.2 Hz), 2.34 (3H, s), 1.33 (3H, t,J=7.2 Hz), LCMS (Method A) m/z: M+1 obs 370.2, tR=3.45 min.

Step-2: ethyl 2-(1-tosyl-1H-indol-5-yl)cyclopropanecarboxylate

Prepared as in Step-1 of Carboxylic acid intermediate-6 from (E)-ethyl3-(1-tosyl-1H-indol-5-yl)acrylate.

¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 7.88 (1H, d, J=8.8 Hz), 7.74 (2H, d, J=8.1Hz), 7.53 (1H, d, J=3.7 Hz), 7.25 (1H, d, J=2.2 Hz), 7.21 (2H, d, J=8.1Hz), 7.05 (1H, dd, J=8.8, 2.2 Hz), 6.58 (1H, d, J=3.7 Hz), 4.18 (2H, q,J=7.3 Hz), 2.57 (1H, m), 2.34 (3H, s), 1.88 (1H, m), 1.61 (1H, m), 1.32(1H, m), 1.27 (3H, t, J=7.3 Hz), LCMS (Method A) m/z: M+1 obs 384.3,tR=3.45 min.

Step-3: 2-(1H-indol-5-yl)cyclopropanecarboxylic acid

Prepared as in Step-2 of Carboxylic acid intermediate-6 from ethyl2-(1-tosyl-1H-indol-5-yl)cyclopropanecarboxylate.

¹H-NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ 12.2 (1H, brs), 11.1 (1H, s), 7.36-7.30(3H, m), 6.92 (1H, d, J=8.1 Hz), 6.39 (1H, s), 2.49 (1H, m), 1.77 (1H,m), 1.49-1.37 (2H, m).

Carboxylic acid intermediate-322-(3-(benzyloxy)phenyl)cyclopropanecarboxylic acid Step-1: ethyl2-(3-(benzyloxy)phenyl)cyclopropanecarboxylate

Prepared as in Step-1 of Carboxylic acid intermediate-6 from (E)-ethyl3-(3-(benzyloxy)phenyl)acrylate.

¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 7.44-7.32 (5H, m), 7.19 (1H, m), 6.81 (1H,m), 6.72-6.69 (2H, m), 5.04 (2H, s), 4.16 (2H, q, J=7.3 Hz), 2.48 (1H,m), 1.89 (1H, m), 1.58 (1H, m), 1.30 (1H, m), 1.27 (3H, t, J=7.3 Hz).

Step-2: 2-(3-(benzyloxy)phenyl)cyclopropanecarboxylic acid

Prepared as in Step-2 of Carboxylic acid intermediate-6 from ethyl2-(3-(benzyloxy)phenyl)cyclopropanecarboxylate.

LCMS (Method A) m/z: M−1 obs 267.2, tR=3.03 min.

Carboxylic Acid Intermediate-332-(2-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)cyclopropanecarboxylic acid Step-1: (E)-ethyl3-(2-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)acrylate

Prepared as in Step-1 of Carboxylic acid intermediate-7 from2-chloro-4-fluorobenzaldehyde.

¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 8.02 (1H, d, J=16.1 Hz), 7.62 (1H, dd, J=8.8,6.6 Hz), 7.18 (1H, dd, J=7.3, 1.5 Hz), 7.02 (1H, m), 6.38 (1H, d, J=16.1Hz), 4.28 (2H, q, J=7.3 Hz), 1.35 (3H, t, J=7.3 Hz), LCMS (Method A)m/z: M−1 obs 229.2, tR=3.22 min

Step-2: ethyl 2-(2-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)cyclopropanecarboxylate

Prepared as in Step-1 of Carboxylic acid intermediate-6 from (E)-ethyl3-(2-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)acrylate.

¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 7.12 (1H, dd, J=8.8, 2.9 Hz), 6.99 (1H, m),6.89 (1H, m), 4.20 (2H, q, J=7.3 Hz), 2.66 (1H, m), 1.77 (1H, m), 1.61(1H, m), 1.29 (3H, t, J=7.3 Hz), 1.29 (1H, m), LCMS (Method A) m/z: M−1obs 243.2, tR=3.27 min.

Step-3: 2-(2-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)cyclopropanecarboxylic acid

Prepared as in Step-2 of Carboxylic acid intermediate-6 from ethyl2-(2-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)cyclopropanecarboxylate.

¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 7.44 (1H, d, J=8.8 Hz), 7.25-7.10 (2H, m),2.48 (1H, m), 1.70 (1H, m), 1.45-1.35 (2H, m), LCMS (Method A) m/z: M−1obs 213.2, tR=2.72 min.

Carboxylic Acid Intermediate-342-(2-fluoro-4-methoxyphenyl)cyclopropanecarboxylic acid Step-1: ethyl2-(2-fluoro-4-methoxyphenyl)cyclopropanecarboxylate

Prepared as in Step-1 of Carboxylic acid intermediate-6 from (E)-ethyl3-(2-fluoro-4-methoxyphenyl)acrylate.

¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 6.90 (1H, t, J=6.6 Hz), 6.65-6.55 (2H, m),4.17 (2H, q, J=7.3 Hz), 3.77 (3H, s), 2.57 (1H, m), 1.86 (1H, m), 1.54(1H, m), 1.28 (3H, t, J=7.3 Hz), 1.28 (1H, m), LCMS (Method A) m/z: M+1obs 239.3, tR=3.13 min.

Step-2: 2-(2-fluoro-4-methoxyphenyl)cyclopropanecarboxylic acid

Prepared as in Step-2 of Carboxylic acid intermediate-6 from ethyl2-(2-fluoro-4-methoxyphenyl)cyclopropanecarboxylate.

¹H-NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ 7.01 (1H, t, J=8.8 Hz), 6.79 1H, m), 6.69(1H, m), 3.72 (3H, s), 2.34 (1H, m), 1.71 (1H, m), 1.40-1.30 (2H, m),LCMS (Method A) m/z: M−1 obs 209.2 tR=2.60 min.

Carboxylic Acid Intermediate-352-(2,4,6-trifluorophenyl)cyclopropanecarboxylic acid Step-1: (E)-ethyl3-(2,4,6-trifluorophenyl)acrylate

Prepared as in Step-1 of Carboxylic acid intermediate-7 from2,4,6-trifluorobenzaldehyde.

¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 7.69 (1H, d, J=16.8 Hz), 6.77-6.65 (3H, m),4.28 (2H, q, J=7.3 Hz), 1.35 (3H, t, J=7.3 Hz), LCMS (Method A) m/z: M+1obs 231.2, tR=3.18 min.

Step-2: ethyl 2-(2,4,6-trifluorophenyl)cyclopropanecarboxylate

Prepared as in Step-1 of Carboxylic acid intermediate-6 from (E)-ethyl3-(2,4,6-trifluorophenyl)acrylate.

¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 6.66-6.50 (2H, m), 4.18 (2H, q, J=7.3 Hz),2.40 (1H, m), 2.07 (1H, m), 1.58-1.44 (2H, m), 1.30 (3H, t, J=7.3 Hz),LCMS (Method A) m/z: M+1 obs 245.2 tR=3.23 min.

Step-3: 2-(2,4,6-trifluorophenyl)cyclopropanecarboxylic acid

Prepared as in Step-2 of Carboxylic acid intermediate-6 from ethyl2-(2,4,6-trifluorophenyl)cyclopropanecarboxylate.

¹H-NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ 7.18-7.10 (2H, m), 2.17 (1H, m), 1.88 (1H,m), 1.45-1.30 (2H, m), LCMS (Method A) m/z M−1 obs 215.2 tR=2.65 min.

Carboxylic Acid Intermediate-362-(5-cyano-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)cyclopropanecarboxylic acid Step-1:ethyl 2-(5-cyano-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)cyclopropanecarboxylate

To a mixture of 3,4-diaminobenzonitrile (326 mg, 2.45 mmol),trans-2-(ethoxycarbonyl)cyclopropanecarboxylic acid (323 mg, 2.04 mmol),and triethylamine (1.44 mL, 10.2 mmol) in DMF (10 mL) was added HBTU(1.01 g, 2.66 mmol). After stirring at room temperature for 3 h, themixture was poured into water, and the aqueous phase was extracted withEtOAc twice. The combined organic layer was dried over sodium sulfateand concentrated in vacuo. To the residue was added acetic acid (10 mL),and the mixture was stirred at 90° C. for 12 h. After cooling to roomtemperature, the solvent was removed in vacuo. The residue was pouredinto saturated sodium bicarbonate aqueous solution, and the aqueouslayer was extracted with EtOAc twice. The combined organic layers weredried over sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo. The residue waspurified by column chromatography on silica gel eluting withhexane/ethyl acetate to give 210 mg (40%) of the title compound as awhite amorphous:

¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 9.65 (1H, m), 7.73-7.68 (1H, m), 7.53-7.43(2H, m), 4.20 (2H, q, J=7.3 Hz), 2.66-2.57 (1H, m), 2.51-2.41 (1H, m),1.88-1.80 (1H, m), 1.80-1.70 (1H, m), 1.30 (3H, t, J=7.3 Hz), LCMS(Method A) m/z: M+1 obs 256.2, tR=2.61 min.

Step-2: 2-(5-cyano-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)cyclopropanecarboxylic acid

Prepared as in Step-2 of Carboxylic acid intermediate-6 from ethyl2-(5-cyano-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)cyclopropanecarboxylate.

¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 8.01 (1H, s), 7.63 (1H, d, J=8.1 Hz), 7.53(1H, d, J=8.1 Hz), 2.63-2.55 (1H, m), 2.20-2.12 (1H, m), 1.65-1.51 (2H,m) (signals due to NH and COOH were not observed), LCMS (Method A) m/z:M+1 obs 228.2, tR=1.88 min.

Carboxylic Acid Intermediate-374-((1H-imidazol-1-yl)methyl)-1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid Step-1: Methyl3-(2-methyl-6-nitrophenyl)propenoate

2-Bromo-3-nitrotoluene (0.5 g, 23 mmol), methyl acrylate (0.39 g, 46mmol,), palladium acetate (29 mg, 1.3 mmol), triphenylphosphine (0.06 g,0.23 mmol,) and TEA (0.4 mL) were combined in a sealed tube and heatedto 95° C. for 24 h. The residue was dissolved in MeOH, the solvent wasremoved and the crude product was purified by column chromatography(EtOAc:hexane=7.5:92.5) to give 0.024 g (48% yield) of the titlecompound as a yellow oil:

¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 7.86 (1H, d, J=16.4 Hz), 7.75 (1H, d, J=8.0Hz), 7.46 (1H, d, J=7.6 Hz), 7.35 (1H, q, J=8.0 Hz, 7.6 Hz), 3.79 (3H,s), 2.37 (3H, s).

Step-2: Methyl 4-methylindole-2-carboxylate

Methyl 3-(2-methyl-6-nitrophenyl)propenoate (0.24 g, 1.1 mmol) wasdissolved in triethylphosphite (1 mL) and heated under reflux for 20 h.The solvent was removed in vacuo and the crude product was purified bysilica gel chromatography (EtOAc:hexane=8:92) to give 0.15 g (71% yield)of the title compound as a pale yellow solid:

¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 8.82 (1H, br s), 7.25-7.18 (3H, m), 6.92 (1H,d, J=6.0 Hz), 3.93 (3H, s), 2.54 (3H, s).

Step-3: Methyl 1-tert-butoxycarbonyl-4-methylindole-2-carboxylate

Di-tert-butyl dicarbonate (0.35 g, 1.6 mmol) and DMAP (0.015 g, 0.12mmol) were added to a solution of Methyl 4-methylindole-2-carboxylate(0.15 g, 0.8 mmol) in acetonitrile (7.5 mL). The resulting mixture wasstirred at room temperature for 16 h and the solvent evaporated invacuo. The residue was portioned between ethyl acetate (7.5 mL) andwater (7.5 mL). The aqueous layer was further extracted with ethylacetate (2×7.5 mL) and the organic extracts combined, washed withsaturated sodium bicarbonate, dried over sodium sulfate, evaporated invacuo and purified by silica gel column (EtOAc:hexane=5:95) to give 0.13g (59% yield) of the title compound as a pale yellow oil:

¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 7.88 (1H, d, J=8.4 Hz), 7.31-7.03 (3H, m),3.90 (3H, s), 2.50 (3H, s), 1.60 (9H, s).

Step-4: Methyl 4-bromomethyl-1-tert-butoxycarbonylindole-2-carboxylate

A solution of methyl 1-tert-butoxycarbonyl-4-methylindole-2-carboxylate(0.13 g, 0.48 mmol), NBS (0.087 g, 0.48 mmol), and AIBN (4 mg, 0.024mmol) in carbon tetrachloride (1.9 mL) was heated to reflux for 3 h. Thereaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and filtered and washedwith carbon tetrachloride. The filtrate was evaporated to give a yellowoil that was purified by silica gel chromatography (EtOAc:hexane=8:92)to give 0.12 g (72% yield) of the title compound as a pale yellow solid:

¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 8.06 (1H, d, J=8.4 Hz), 7.38-7.27 (3H, m),4.73 (2H, s), 3.94 (3H, s).

Step-5: 4-Imidazol-1-ylmethyl-indole-1,2-dicarboxylic acid 1-tert-butylester 2-methy ester

A solution of Methyl4-bromomethyl-1-tert-butoxycarbonylindole-2-carboxylate (0.92 g, 2.4mmol) and imodazole (0.82 g, 12 mmol) was stirred at 90° C. inacetonitrile (14 mL) for 5 h. The reaction mixture was cooled to roomtemperature and evaporated to dryness. The residue was purified bysilica gel column chromatography (MeOH:DCM-8:92) to give 0.413 g (46%yield) of the title compound as a white solid:

¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 8.10 (1H, d, J=8.4 Hz), 7.59 (1H, s), 7.39(1H, q, d=7.6 Hz, 8.4 Hz), 7.08 (1H, s), 7.04 (1H, d, J=7.6Hz), 6.94(1H, s), 6.88 (1H, s), 5.33 (2H, S), 3.91 (3H, s), 1.82 (9H, s).

Step-6: 4-((1H-imidazol-1-yl)methyl)-1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid

The mixture of 4-Imidazol-1-ylmethyl-indole-1,2-dicarboxylic acid1-tert-butyl ester 2-methy ester (350 mg, 0.99 mmol) and 2N aqueoussodium hydroxide solution (1 mL, 2 mmol) in THF (5 mL) was refluxed at80° C. with stirring for 2 days. 2N hydrochloric acid was added until pHwas 7.0. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo. The resultingprecipitate was collected by filtration and washed with dichloromethane,methanol, H₂O and ethyl acetate to give 63 mg (27% yield) of the titlecompound as a white solid:

¹H-NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ 7.82 (1H, s), 6.72 (1H, d, J=8.8 Hz), 6.65(1H, s), 6.55 (1H, s), 6.50 (1H, t, J=7.3 Hz), 6.36 (1H, s), 6.29 (1H,d, J=6.6 Hz), 4.86 (2H, s).

EXAMPLE 1(R)-5-tert-butyl-N-(1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)isoxazole-3-carboxamide

To a suspension of(R)-1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethanamine 2 HCl salt (18mg, 0.06 mmol) and 5-tert-butylisoxazole-3-carboxylic acid (10 mg, 0.06mmol) in dichloromethane (2 mL) were added triethylamine (19 mg, 0.18mmol), EDC (19 mg, 0.1 mmol) and HOBT (9.4 mg, 0.06 mmol) respectively.The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 18 hours. Thesolvent was evaporated by N₂-flow. The resulting residue was dissolvedinto ethyl acetate and water was added to the mixture. The organic layerwas then washed with brine, and dried over sodium sulfate. After thefiltration to separate solvent and sodium sulfate, the solvent wasremoved under reduced pressure to give the residue. The residue wasdiluted with methanol and applied onto a strong cation exchangecartridge (BondElute(registered trademark) SCX, 1 g/6 mL, Varian inc.),and the solid phase matrix was rinsed with methanol (6 mL). The crudemixture was eluted in a collection tube with 1 mol/L ammonia in methanol(6 mL) and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified bypreparative LC-MS to give 17 mg, (75% yield) of the title compound.

By a method similar to Example 1 except that the reactant is different,the following compounds of Examples 2-27, 30-80, 82-241, 243-254,258-291, 307-313, 315-423 and 426-464 were similarly prepared (also seeTable 1). The reactants were used commercial available materials,otherwise noted in the intermediate parts.

EXAMPLE 28(R)-2-(4-bromophenoxy)-N-(1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)acetamide

To a suspension of(R)-1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethanamine 2 HCl salt (173mg, 0.79 mmol) and 2-(4-bromophenoxy)acetic acid (200 mg, 0.87 mmol) indichloromethane (5 mL) were added triethylamine (400 mg, 3.9 mmol), EDC(180 mg, 0.94 mmol) and HOBT (60 mg, 0.39 mmol) respectively. Thereaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 18 hours. Sat.ammonia hydrochloride aqueous solution was added to the mixture. Theorganic layer was extracted with ethyl acetate, washed with brine, anddried over sodium sulfate. After the filtration to separate solvent andsodium sulfate, the solvent was removed under reduced pressure to givethe residue, which was applied to a silica gel chromatography column andeluted with a hexane/ethylacetate=2/1 (v/v) to furnish 276 mg (81%yield) of the title as a colorless oil.

¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 8.30 (1H, m), 7.66 (1H, brd, J=8.1 Hz), 7.41(2H, d, J=8.8 Hz), 7.26-7.24 (2H, m), 6.84 (2H, d, J=8.8 Hz), 5.22 (1H,m), 4.48 (2H, qAB, J=14.6 Hz), 4.40 (2H, qAB, J=8.1 Hz), 1.49 (3H, d,J=7.3 Hz), LCMS (Method A) m/z: M+1 434.8; tR=3.15 min.

EXAMPLE 29(R)-2-(4-cyclopropylphenoxy)-N-(1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)acetamide

To a solution of(R)-2-(4-bromophenoxy)-N-(1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)acetamide(100 mg, 0.23 mmol) and cyclopropylboronic acid (26 mg, 0.30 mmol) indioxane (2 mL) were added 1.27 M potassium phosphate (0.36 mL) andtetrakistriphenyl phosphine palladium (13 mg, 0.012 mmol) at roomtemperature. The mixture was stirred at 120° C. using microwave oven for2 hours. The mixture was dried over magnesium sulfate. After thefiltration to separate solvent and magnesium sulfate, the solvent wasremoved under reduced pressure to give the residue. The residue wasdiluted with methanol and applied onto a strong cation exchangecartridge (BondElute(registered trademark) SCX, 1 g/6 mL, Varian Inc.),and the solid phase matrix was rinsed with methanol (6 mL). The crudemixture was eluted in a collection tube with 1 mol/L ammonia in methanol(6 mL) and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified bypreparative LC-MS to give 6.5 mg, (7% yield) of the title compound.

EXAMPLE 81

(R)-N-(1-(5-(pyridin-2-ylmethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)-2-(4-trifluoromethyl)phenoxy)acetamide

Step-1:(R)-N-(1-(5-hydroxypyridin-2-yl)ethyl)-2-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy)acetamide

A mixture of(R)-N-(1-(5-(benzyloxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)-2-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy)acetamide(Example 63, 550 mg, 1.3 mmol) and palladium hydroxide on carbon (20 wt.%, 50 mg) in methanol (30 mL) was hydrogenated for 6 hours. The mixturewas filtered through a pad of celite, washed with methanol, the filtratewas concentrated gave 410 mg (94% yield) of(R)-N-(1-(5-hydroxypyridin-2-yl)ethyl)-2-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy)acetamideas a white crystalline solid;

¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 8.19 (1H, d, J=2.9 Hz), 7.77 (1H, d, J=7.3Hz), 7.58 (2H, d, J=8.1 Hz), 7.14 (1H, dd, J=8.8 Hz, 2.9 Hz), 7.08-7.02(3H, m), 5.20-5.10 (1H, m), 4.58 (1H, d, J=13.9 Hz), 4.51 (1H, d, J=13.9Hz), 1.48 (3H, d, J=6.6 Hz), LCMS (Method A) m/z: M+1 obs 341.

Step-2:(R)-N-(1-(5-(pyridin-2-ylmethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)-2-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy)acetamide

A mixture of(R)-N-(1-(5-hydroxypyridin-2-yl)ethyl)-2-(4-trifluoromethyl)phenoxy)acetamide(30 mg, 0.088 mmol), 2-(bromomethyl)pyridine hydrobromide (22 mg, 0.088mmol), and cesium carbonate (115 mg, 0.35 mmol) in DMF (3 mL) was heatedat 90° C. overnight. After cooling, the mixture was filtered through apad of celite, washed with dichloromethane, the filtrate wasconcentrated, and the residue was purified by SCX cartridge to give 34mg (89% yield) of(R)-N-(1-(5-(pyridin-2-ylmethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)-2-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy)acetamideas a clear colorless oil;

LCMS (Method A) m/z: M+1 obs 432, M−1 obs 430

Alternated Route for Mixture of Example 133 and 134trans-2-(1H-indol-3-yl)-N-((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecarboxamideStep-1:(R,E)-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)-N-(1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)acrylamide

To a suspension of(R)-1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethanamine 2 HCl salt (1.1g, 3.8 mmol) and (E)-3-(1-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-1H-indol-3-yl)acrylicacid (1.0 g, 3.5 mmol) in dichloromethane (8 mL) were addedtriethylamine (1.8 g, 17 mmol), EDC (800 mg, 4.2 mmol) and HOBT (270 mg,1.7 mmol) respectively. The reaction mixture was stirred at roomtemperature for 6 hours. Sat. sodium bicarbonate aqueous solution wasadded to the mixture. The organic layer was extracted with ethylacetate, washed with brine, and dried over sodium sulfate. After thefiltration to separate solvent and sodium sulfate, the solvent wasremoved under reduced pressure to give the residue, which was applied toa silica gel chromatography column and eluted with ahexane/ethylacetate=2/1 (v/v) to furnish 900 mg (53% yield) of the titleas a yellow solid.

¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 8.31 (1H, d, J=1.5 Hz), 8.18 (1H, d, J=8.0Hz), 7.90-7.70 (3H, m), 7.40-7.20 (4H, m), 6.93 (1H, d, J=8.0 Hz), 6.59(1H, d, J=16.1 Hz), 5.30 (1H, m), 4.39 (2H, q, J=8.0 Hz), 1.08 (9H, s),1.53 (3H, d, J=6.6 Hz). LCMS (Method A) m/z: M+1 490.3; tR=3.44 min.

Step-2:trans-2-(1H-indol-3-yl)-N-((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecarboxamide

To a solution of(R,E)-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)-N-(1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)acrylamide(600 mg, 1.3 mmol) in dichloromethane (10 mL) was added ethylzinc (4.1mL, 4.1 mmol, 1.0 M) at room temperature. After being stirred at roomtemperature for 3 min, diiodomethane (1.8 g, 6.7 mmol) was added to themixture. The mixture was refluxed at 55° C. with stirring for 18. hours.sat. ammonia hydrochloride aqueous solution was added to the mixture.The organic layer was extracted with ethyl acetate, washed with brine,dried over sodium sulfate. After the filtration to separate solvent andsodium sulfate, the solvent was removed under reduced pressure to givethe residue, which was applied to a silica gel chromatography column andeluted with a hexane/ethylacetate=1/1 (v/v) and preparative LC-MS togive 14 mg, (3% yield) of the title compound as a white solid (2:1mixture of the diastereomers).

¹H-NMR (600 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 8.28 (1H, S), 7.99 (1H, brs), 7.60 (1H, m),7.34 (1H, m), 7.26-7.22 (2H, m), 7.18 (1H, m), 7.08 (1H, m), 6.95-6.86(2H, m), 5.21 (1H, m), 4.40 (2H, q, J=7.9 Hz), 2.54 (1H, m), 1.68 (1H,m), 1.60 (1H, m), 1.48 (3H, d, J=6.8 Hz), 1.29 (1H, m), LCMS (Method A)m/z: M+1 404.3; tR=2.98 min.

Example 242(1S*,2S*)-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-N-((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecarboxamide

A mixture of palladium hydroxide on carbon 20 wt % loading (63 mg) and(1S*,2S*)-2-(4-(benzyloxy)phenyl)-N-(R-1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecarboxamide(631 mg, 1.341 mmol) in methanol (30 ml) was stirring for 4 hours atroom temperature under H₂ atmosphere. The mixture was filtered through apad of celite, washed with ethyl acetate, the filtrate was concentratedto give 485 mg (95% yield) of title compound as a white amorphous. 8 mgof the residue was purified by preparative LC-MS to give 4.8 mg of thetitle compound.

EXAMPLE 255(1S*,2S*)-2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-N-((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecarboxamide

Prepared as in Example 242 from(1S*,2S*)-2-(3-(3-(benzyloxy)phenyl)-N-((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecarboxamide.The residue was purified by preparative LC-MS to give 5.4 mg of thetitle compound.

EXAMPLE 256(1S*,2S*)-2-(4-(2-(4,4-difluoropiperidin-1-yl)-2-oxoethoxy)phenyl)-N-((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)cyclopropanecarboxamideStep-1: tert-butyl2-(4-(1S*,2S*)-2-(((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)carbamoyl)cyclopropyl)phenoxy)acetate

A mixture of tert-butyl 2-bromoacetate (0.063 ml, 0.434 mmol), potassiumcarbonate (109 mg, 0.789 mmol) and(1S*,2S*)-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-N-((R)-1-5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecarboxamide(150 mg, 0.394 mmol) in dichloromethane (4 ml) was refluxed withstirring for 3 hours. After cooling to room temperature, the mixture waspoured into water, and the aqueous layer was extracted with ethylacetate, dried over magnesium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo. Theresidue was recrystallized from tetrahydrofuran/hexane. To give 137 mg(70% yield) of title compound as a white crystal:

¹H-NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ 8.55 (1H, d, 8.1 Hz), 8.31 (1H, d, J=2.6Hz), 7.49 (1H, dd, J=8.8, 2.9 Hz), 7.28 (1H, d, J=8.4 Hz), 7.03 (2H, d,J=8.4 Hz), 6.78 (2H, d, J=8.4 Hz), 4.95 (1H, t, J=7.3 Hz), 4.84 (2H, q,J=8.8 Hz), 4.59 (2H, s), 2.17 (1H, m), 1.89 (1H, m), 1.41 (9H, s), 1.32(2H, d, J=6.6 Hz), 1.22 (1H, m), 1.09 (1H, m), LCMS (Method A) m/z: M+1obs 495.1, tR=3.25 min.

Step-22-(4-(1S*,2S*)-2-(((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)carbamoyl)cyclopropyl)phenoxy)aceticacid

A mixture of trifluoroacetic acid (0.213 ml, 2.77 mmol) and tert-butyl2-(4-((1S*,2S*)-2-(((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)carbamoyl)cyclopropyl)phenoxy)acetate(137 mg, 0.277 mmol) in dichloromethane (5 ml) was refluxed withstirring for 6 hours. Excess trifluoroacetic acid and dichloromethanewere removed under reduced pressure. To give 200 mg of title compound aswhite solid. This was used next step without purification:

LCMS (Method A) m/z: M+1 obs 439.0, tR=2.54 min.

Step-3:(1S*,2S*)-2-(4-(2-(4,4-difluoropiperidin-1-yl)-2-oxoethoxy)phenyl)-N-((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecarboxamide

A mixture of HBTU (28 mg, 0.075 mmol), triethylamine (0.03 mL, 0.25mmol), 4,4-difluoropiperidine hydrochloride (9.5 mg, 0.060 mmol) and2-(4-((1S*,2S*)-2-(((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)carbamoyl)cyclopropyl)phenoxy)aceticacid (28 mg, 0.050 mmol) was stirring for 4 hours at room temperature.The mixture was poured into 2mol/l hydrochloric acid, and the aqueouslayer was extracted with ethyl acetate, dried over sodium sulfate andconcentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by preparative LC-MS togive 13.7 mg (50% yield) of the title compound.

EXAMPLE 257(1S*,2S*)-2-(3-(2-(4,4-difluoropiperidin-1-yl)-2-oxoethoxy)phenyl)-N-((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecarboxamideStep-1: tert-butyl2-(3-(1S*,2S*)-2-(((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)carbamoyl)cyclopropyl)phenoxy)acetate

Prepared as in Step-1 of Example 256 from(1S*,2S*)-2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-N-((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecarboxamide.

¹H-NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ 8.56 (1H, d, J=7.7 Hz), 8.31 (1H, d, J=2.9Hz), 7.49 (1H, dd, J=8.4, 2.9 Hz), 7.29 (1H, d, J=8.8 Hz), 7.16 (1H, t,J=7.7 Hz), 6.72-6.65 (3H, m), 4.95 (1H, t, J=7.3 Hz), 4.84 (2H, q, J=8.8Hz), 4.61 (2H, s), 2.19 (1H, m), 1.98 (1H, m), 1.41 (9H, s), 1.32 (2H,d, J=7.0 Hz), 1.25 (1H, m), 1.15 (1H, m), LCMS (Method A) m/z: M+1 obs495.1, tR=3.28 min.

Step-2:2-(3-(1S*,2S*)-2-(((R)-1-5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)carbamoyl)cyclopropyl)phenoxy)aceticacid

Prepared as in Step-2 of Example 256 from tert-butyl2-(3-((1S*,2S*)-2-(((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)carbamoyl)cyclopropyl)phenoxy)acetate.

LCMS (Method A) m/z: M+1 obs 439.0, tR=2.61 min.

Step-3:(1S*,2S*)-2-(3-(2-(4,4-difluoropiperidin-1-yl)-2-oxoethoxy)phenyl)-N-((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecarboxamide

Prepared as in Step-3 of Example 256 from2-(3-((1S*,2S*)-2-(((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)carbamoyl)cyclopropyl)phenoxy)aceticacid. The residue was purified by preparative LC-MS to give 11.4 mg ofthe title compound.

EXAMPLE 292(R)-4-(tert-butyl)-N-(1-(5-hydroxypyridin-2-yl)ethyl)benzamide

Prepared as in Example 242 from(R)-N-(1-(5-(benzyloxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)-4-(tert-butyl)benzamide(Example 313).

¹H-NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ 9.74 (1H, s), 8.60 (1H, d, d=8.1 Hz), 8.04(1H, d, J=2.9 Hz), 7.81 (2H, d, J=8.4 Hz), 7.45 (2H, d, J=8.1 Hz), 7.19(1H, d, J=8.4 Hz), 7.10 (1H, dd, J=8.4, 2.9 Hz), 5.11 (1H, quintet,J=7.0 Hz), 1.43 (3H, d, J=7.0 Hz), 1.28 (9H, s), LCMS (Method A) m/z:M+1 obs 299.2, tR=3.21 min.

EXAMPLE 293(1S*,2S*)-2-(phenoxymethyl)-N-((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecarboxamideStep-1(1R*,2R*)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-N-((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecarboxamideand(1S*,2S*)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-N-((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecarboxamide

To a mixture of (R)-1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethanaminedihydrochloride (997 mg, 3.40 mmol),trans-2-(hydroxymethyl)cyclopropanecarboxylic acid (329 mg, 2.83 mmol),and triethylamine (1.99 mL, 14.2 mmol) in acetonitrile was added HBTU.After stirring at room temperature for 5 h, the mixture was poured intowater, and the aqueous layer was extracted with dichloromethane threetimes. The combined organic layers were dried over sodium sulfate andconcentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by column chromatographyon silica gel eluting with dichloromethane/methanol (20:1) to give 263mg (29%) of upper spot (tentatively assigned as(1R*,2R*)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-N-((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecarboxamide)as a colorless oil and 292 mg of lower spot (tentatively assigned as(1S*,2S*)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-N-((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecarboxamide)as a crystal.

(1R*,2R*)-2-(Hydroxymethyl)-N-((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecarboxamide:¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 8.26 (1H, s), 7.27-7.21 (2H, m), 6.91 (1H, d,J=7.3 Hz), 5.11 (quintet, J=6.6 Hz), 3.66 (1H, dd, J=5.9 & 11.0 Hz),3.41 (1H, dd, J=7.3 & 11.0 Hz), 1.70-1.60 (2H, m), 1.45 (3H, d, J=6.6Hz), 1.27-1.19 (1H, m), 0.81-0.73 (1H, m) (a signal due to OH was notobserved), LCMS (Method A) m/z: M+1 obs 319.1, tR=2.40 min.(1S*,2S*)-2-(Hydroxymethyl)-N-((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecarboxamide:¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 8.29 (1H, s), 7.27-7.20 (2H, m), 6.89 (1H, d,J=6.6 Hz), 5.11 (1H, quintet, J=6.6 Hz), 4.40 (2H, q, J=8.0 Hz), 3.66(1H, dd, J=5.9 & 11.7 Hz), 3.49 (1H, dd, J=6.6 & 11.7 Hz), 1.77-1.65(2H, m), 1.20-1.12 (1H, m), 0.77-0.70 (1H, m) (a signal due to OH wasnot observed), LCMS (Method A) m/z: M+1 obs 319.1, tR=2.37 min.

Step-2(1S*,2S*)-2-(phenoxymethyl)-N-((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecarboxamide

To a mixture of(1S*,2S*)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-N-((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecarboxamide(30 mg, 0.094 mmol) and phenol (16.0 mg, 0.17 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran(1 mL), triphenylphosphine (45 mg, 0.17 mmol) and di-tert-butylazodicarboxylate (28.2 mg, 0.12 mmol) were added successively. Afterstirring at room temperature for 1 day, the mixture was poured intowater, and the aqueous layer was extracted with dichloromethane threetimes. The combined organic layers were dried over sodium sulfate andconcentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by preparative LC-MS togive 12.1 mg (33% yield) of the title compound.

By a method similar to Example 293 except that the reactant isdifferent, the following compounds of Examples 294-302 were similarlyprepared (also see Table 3). The reactants were used commerciallyavailable materials, otherwise noted in the intermediate parts.

EXAMPLE 303(1S*,2S*)-2-(3-((3-methyloxetan-3-yl)methoxy)phenyl)-N-((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecarboxamide

A mixture of(1S*,2S*)-2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-N-((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecarboxamide(15 mg, 0.039 mmol), 3-(Chloromethyl)-3-methyloxetane (24 mg, 0.197mmol) and potassium carbonate (27 mg, 0.197 mmol) in DMF (2 mL) washeated at 70° C. with stirring for 15 hours. The mixture was poured intowater, and the aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate, driedover magnesium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo. The residue waspurified by preparative LC-MS to give 8.9 mg (49% yield) of the titlecompound.

EXAMPLE 304(1S*,2S*)-2-(4-((3-methyloxetan-3-yl)methoxy)phenyl)-N-((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecarboxamide

Prepared as in Example 303 from(1S*,2S*)-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-N-((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecarboxamide.The residue was purified by preparative LC-MS to give 8 mg of the titlecompound.

EXAMPLE 305(1S*,2S*)-2-(4-(pyridin-2-ylmethoxy)phenyl)-N-((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecarboxamide

A mixture of(1S*,2S*)-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-N-((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecarboxamide(15 mg, 0.039 mmol), 2-(Bromomethyl)pyridine hydrobromide (100 mg, 0.394mmol) and potassium carbonate (27 mg, 0.197 mmol) in DMF (2 mL) washeated at 70° C. with stirring for 2 days. The mixture was poured intowater, and the aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate, driedover magnesium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo. The residue waspurified by preparative LC-MS to give 5 mg (27% yield) of the titlecompound.

EXAMPLE 306(1S*,2S*)-2-(3-(pyridin-2-ylmethoxy)phenyl)-N-((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecarboxamide

Prepared as in Example 305 from(1S*,2S*)-2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-N-((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecarboxamide.The residue was purified by preparative LC-MS to give 12 mg of the titlecompound.

EXAMPLE 314(R)-4-tert-butyl-N-(1-(5-(pyridin-2-ylmethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)benzamide

Prepared as in Example 81 and Example 305 from(R)-N-(1-(5-(benzyloxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)-4-tert-butylbenzamide(Example 313).

EXAMPLE 424(R)-6-fluoro-N,1-dimethyl-N-(1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)-1H-indole-2-carboxamide

To a stirred solution of(R)-6-fluoro-N-(1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)-1H-indole-2-carboxamide(Example 48, 18 mg, 0.046 mmol) in DMF (1 mL) was added sodium hydride(60%, 1.6 mg, 0.068 mmol) at room temperature. After 20 min, Iodomethane(0.0034 mL, 0.055 mmol) was added and the mixture was stirred at roomtemperature for 1 hour. The mixture was poured into water, and extractedwith ethyl acetate, dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated underreduced pressure. The residue was diluted with methanol and applied ontoa strong cation exchange cartridge (BondElute(registered trademark) SCX,1 g/6 mL. Varian Inc.), and the solid phase matrix was rinsed withmethanol (6 mL). The crude mixture was eluted in a collection tube with1 mol/L ammonia in methanol (6 mL) and concentrated in vacuo. Theresidue was purified by preparative LC-MS to give 9.4 mg (50% yield) ofthe title compound

EXAMPLE 425(1S*,2S*)-N-methyl-2-(quinolin-2-yl)-N-((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyrazin-2-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecarboxamideStep-1(1S*,2S*)-2-(quinolin-2-yl)-N-((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyrazin-2-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecarboxamide

Prepared as in Example 1 from 2-(quinolin-2-yl)cyclopropanecarboxylicacid (purified by chiral HPLC).

¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 8.25 (1H, s), 8.07 (1H, s), 8.00 (1H, d,J=8.0 Hz), 7.90 (1H, d, J=8.0 Hz), 7.74 (1H, d, J=8.0 Hz), 7.65 (1H, t,J=8.0 Hz), 7.45 (1H, t, J=8.0 Hz), 7.31 (1H, d, J=8.0 Hz), 6.58 (1H, d,J=8.0 Hz), 5.27 (1H, quintet, J=7.3 Hz), 4.80-4.67 (2H, m), 2.73-2.66(1H, m), 2.35-2.27 (1H, m), 1.73-1.66 (2H, m), 1.50 (3H, d, J=7.3 Hz).

Step-2(1S*,2S*)-N-methyl-2-(quinolin-2-yl)-N-((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyrazin-2-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecarboxamide

Prepared as in Example 424 from(1S*,2S*)-2-(quinolin-2-yl)-N-((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyrazin-2-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecarboxamide.The residue was purified by preparative LC-MS to give 11 mg of the titlecompound.

EXAMPLE 426(1R*,2R*)-N-methyl-2-(quinolin-2-yl)-N-((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy-2-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecarboxamide

Prepared as in Example 424 from(1R*,2R*)-2-(quinolin-2-yl)-N-((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyrazin-2-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecarboxamide(Example 222). The residue was purified by preparative LC-MS to give 2.3mg of the title compound.

Quality control analytical condition (Method B), the amine/carboxylicacid used, the purification method, and spectra data are described belowfor Examples 1-464 in Table 3 and Table 4.

TABLE 3 Puri- fica- Ob- Reten- tion served tion Meth- Example NameSTRUCTURE Structure of amine part Structure of caboxylic acid part MSTime od Example1 (R)-5-tert-butyl- N-(1-(5-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl) ethyl)isoxazole-3- carboxamide

572.0 0.05 min HPLC Example2 (R)-5-tert-butyl- N-(1-(5-(2,2,2- trifluoro

) pyridin-2-yl) ethyl)

amide

382.0 0.79 min HPLC Example3 (R)-N-(1-(6-(2,2,2- triflu

)pyridin-2- yl)ethyl)-2-(4- (trifl

yl) phenoxy)

amide

423.0 0.83 min HPLC Example4 (R)-4-(benzyloxy)- 3-methoxy-N-(1-(5-(2,2,2- trifluoromethoxy) pyridin-2- yl)ethyl)

amide

401.0 0.82 min HPLC Example5 (R)-4-tert-butyl-2- methoxy-N-(1-(5-(2,2,2- trifluoro

oxy) pyridin-2-yl) ethyl)

411.0 0.9 min HPLC Example6 (R)-2-(4-chloro-3- (

)-N-(1-(5-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2-yl) ethyl)acetamide

457.8 0.8

min HPLC Example7 (R)-5,5-dichloro-N- (1-(

-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2-yl) ethyl)

393.0 0.88 min HPLC Example8 (R)-N-(1-(5-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl) ethyl)

-2- carboxamide

375.0 0.83 min HPLC Example9 (R)-4-(3-(1,1,1-

fluoro-2- methyl

-2- yl)phenyl)-N-(1- (5-(2,2,2- trifluoromethoxy) pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)thiazole-2-

518.0 2.08 min HPLC carboxamide Example10 (1R,2R)-2-methyl-N-((R)-1-(5(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)- 2-(4-(trifluoromethyl) phenyl)cyclo

447.0 1.81 min HPLC Example11 (R)-2-(1,1,1- trifluoro-2- methylpropan-2-yl)-N-(1-(5-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)

-

-carboxamide

456.0 1.94 min HPLC Example12 trans-2-(4-tert- butylphenyl)-N-((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2-tri- fluoroethoxy) pyridin-2-yl)ethyl) cyclopropan

421.0 1.93 min HPLC Example13 (R)-4-tert-butyl-N- (1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2-yl) ethyl)benzamide

381.2 1.08 min HPLC Example14 (R)-4-

yl-N-(1- (5-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-3-yl) ethyl)benzamide

307.2 1.8

min HPLC Example15 (R)-4-tert-butyl- 2-methoxy-N-(1- (

-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-3-yl) ethyl)benzamide

411.2 2.08 min HPLC Example16 (R)-N-(1- (

-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-3-yl)ethyl)- 2-(4- (trifluoro

) ph

)acetamide

423.1 3.24 min HPLC Example17 (R)-2-(p-tolyloxy)- N-(1- (5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2-yl) ethyl)acetamide

353.1 1.77 min HPLC Example18 (R)-2-(4- chloro

)-N-(1- (5-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2-yl) ethyl)acetamide

389.1 1.78 min HPLC Example19 (R)-4-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy)-N-(1-(5-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2-yl) ethyl)benzamide

420.1 1.73 min HPLC Example20 (R)-2-(biphenyl- 1-yloxy)-N- (1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2-yl) ethyl)acetamide

431.1 1.98 min HPLC Example21 (R)-2-(

- phenoxyphenoxy)- N-(1-(5-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)acetamide

447.1 1.59 min HPLC Example22 (R)-2-(2-tert- butylphenoxy)-N-(1-(5-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2-yl) ethyl)acetamide

411.2 2.04 min HPLC Example23 (R)-N-(1-(5- (2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-3-yl) ethyl)-2-(2- (trifluoromethyl) phenoxy)acetamide

421.1 1.84 min HPLC Example24 (R)-N-(1-(5- (2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl) ethyl)-1H-indole- 2-carboxamide

364.2 1.67 min HPLC Example25 (R)-5-fluoro-N-(1- (5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2-yl) ethyl)-1H-indole- 2-carboxamide

382.2 1.69 min HPLC Example26 (R)-1-methyl-N- (1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2-yl) ethyl)-1H-indole- 2-carboxamide

378.2 1.80 min HPLC Example27 (R)-2-(2,4- dichlorophenoxy)-N-(1-(5-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2-yl) ethyl)acetamide

423.1 1.92 min HPLC Example28 (R)-2-(4- bromophenoxy)- N-(1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2-yl) ethyl)acetamide

433.1 1.20 min HPLC Example29 (R)-2-(4-cyclo- propylphenoxy)-N-(1-(5-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2-yl) ethyl)acetamide

Alternative route 385.2 1.

4 min HPLC Example30 (R)-3-(3- fluorophenyl)- N-(1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2-yl) ethyl)

amide

371.2 1.65 min HPLC Example31 (R)-3-methyl- N-(1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2-yl) ethyl)benzofuran- 2-carboxamide

370.2 1.88 min HPLC Example32 (R)-5-tert-butyl- 2-methyl-N-(1-(5-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2-yl) ethyl)furan-3- carboxamide

385.2 1.93 min HPLC Example33 (R)-3-(1H- indol-3-yl)-N- (1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2-yl) ethyl)propanamide

392.2 1.5

min HPLC Example34 (R)-N-(1-(5- (2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)- 3-(trifluoromethyl) benzamide

383.2 1.76 min HPLC Example35 (R)-N-(1-(5- (2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2- yl)ethyl)-4- (trifluoromethyl) benzamide

393.2 1.76 min HPLC Example36 (R)-5-phenyl-N- (1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)- 2-(trifluoromethyl) furan-3-carboxamide

459.2

min HPLC Example37 (R)-3-methyl-5- phenyl-N-(1-(5- (2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2- yl)ethyl)furan- 3-carboxamide

405.2 1.89 min HPLC Example38 (R)-3-fluoro-N- (1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)- 5-(trifluoromethyl) benzamide

411.2 1.03 min HPLC Example39 (R)-3-th

-N- (1-(5-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)

amide

411.2 1.81 min HPLC Example40 (R)-4-fluoro-N- (1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)- 3-(trifluoromethyl) benzamide

411.2 1.79 min HPLC Example41 (R)-2-methyl-N- (1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)- 5-(trifluoromethyl)- 2H-

-3- carboxamide

446.9 1.87 min HPLC Example42 (R)-1-methyl-N- (1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)- 5-(

methyl)-1H-

-3-carboxamide

448.9 1.89 min HPLC Example43 (R)-N- (1-(5-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)- 6-(trifluoromethyl)

amide

393.9 1.83 min HPLC Example44 (R)-5-chloro-N- (1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)- 1H-indole-3- carboxamide

308.0 1.77 min HPLC Example45 (R)-5-methoxy-N- (1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)- 1H-indole-2- carboxamide

384.0 1.64 min HPLC Example46 (R)-N-(1-(5- (2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)- 1H-indole-3- carboxamide

304.0 1.85 min HPLC Example47 (R)-1-methyl-N- (1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)- 1H-indole-3- carboxamide

378.0 1.86 min HPLC Example48 (R)-8-fluoro-N- (1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)- 1H-indole-1- carboxamide

382.0 1.70 min HPLC Example49 (R)-7-fluoro-N- (1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)- 1H-indole-2- carboxamide

382.0 1.70 min HPLC Example50 (R)-3-(1H-indol-1- yl)-N-(1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2-yl) ethyl)propanamide

392.0 1.70 min HPLC Example51 (R)-5-methyl-N- (1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)- 1H-indole-2- carboxamide

376.0 1.76 min HPLC Example52 (R)-1-methyl-N- (1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)- 5-(trifluoromethyl)- 1H-indole-2-carboxamide

446.0 1.63 min HPLC Example53 (R)-N-(1-(5- (2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)- 5-(trifluoromethyl)- 1H-indole-2- carboxamide

432.0 1.62 min HPLC Example54 (R)-1-methyl-N- (1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)- 6-(trifluoromethyl)- 1H-indole-3-carboxamide

440.0 1.61 min HPLC Example55 (R)-N-(1-(5-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)- 5-(trifluoromethyl)- 1H-

[d]

-2- carboxamide

432.9 1.80 min HPLC Example56 (R)-N-(1-(5-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)- 6-(trifluoromethyl)- 1H-indazole-3- carboxamide

432.9 1.78 min HPLC Example57 (R)-4-(1H-indol- 3-yl)-N-(1-(5- (2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)- butanamide

406.0 1.65 min HPLC Example58 (R)-N-(1-(5-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)- 6-(trifluoromethyl)- 1H-indole-3- carboxamide

431.9 1.73 min HPLC Example59 (R)-N-(1-(5- (cyclopropyl-methoxy)pyridin- 2-yl)ethyl)-2-(4- (trifluoromethyl) phenoxy)acetamide

395.0 1.87 min HPLC Example60 (R)-N-(1-(5- (cyclopropyl-methoxy)pyridin- 2-yl)ethyl)- 3-(1H-indol-3- yl)propanamide

364.0 1.02 min HPLC Example61 (R)-N-(1-(5- (cyclopropyl-

)pyridin- 2-yl)ethyl)-5- fluoro-1H-indole- 2-carboxamide

364.0 1.74 min HPLC Example62 trans-2-(4-tert- butylphenyl)-N-((R)-1-(5-(cyclo- propylmethoxy) pyridin-2-yl)ethyl) cyclopropane-carboxamide

393.0 2.06 min HPLC Example63 (R)-N-(1-(5- (benzyloxy)pyridin-3-yl)ethyl)-2-(4- (trifluoromethyl) phenoxy)acetamide

430.9 1.94 min HPLC Example64 (R)-N-(1-(5- (benzyloxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)-3- (1H-indol-3- yl)propanamide

400.0 1.72 min HPLC Example65 (R)-N-(1-(5- (benzyloxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)-5- fluoro-1H-indole- 3-carboxamide

395.0 1.52 min HPLC Example66 trans-N-((R)-1-(5- (benzyloxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)- 2-(4-tert- butyl

) cyclopropane- carboxamide

423.0 2.11 min HPLC Example67 (R,E)-N-(1-(5-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)- 3-(4- (trifluoroethyl) phenyl)acetamide

416.9 1.82 min HPLC Example68 (R,E)-N-(1-(5- (cyclopropyl- methoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)- 3-(4-(trifluoromethyl) phenyl)

tamide

381.0 1.65 min HPLC Example69 (R,E)-N-(1-(5- (benzyloxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)-3-(4- (trifluoromethyl) phenyl)

amide

427.0 1.02 min HPLC Example70 (R)-N-(1-(5-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)-2- (4-(trifluoromethyl) phenyl)thiazole-4-carboxamide

475.8 2.01 min HPLC Example71 (R)-3-(6-fluoro-1H- indol-3-yl)-N-(1-(5-(2,2,2- trifluoromethoxy) pyridin-2-yl)ethyl) propanamide

410.0 1.62 min HPLC Example72 (R)-N-(1-(5- (cyclopropyl-methoxy)pyridin- 2-yl)ethyl)-3- 5-fluoro-1H-indol- 3-yl)propanamide

383.0 1.54 min HPLC Example73 (R)-3-(6-fluoro-1H- indol-1-yl)-N-(1-(5-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2-yl)ethyl) propanamide

410.0 1.73 min HPLC Example74 (R)-N-(1-(5- (cyclopropyl-methoxy)pyridin-2- yl)ethyl)-3- 8-fluoro-1H-indol- 1-yl)propanamide

382.0 1.76 min HPLC Example75 (R)-3-(5-fluoro-2- phenyl-1H-indol-3-yl)-N-(1-(5- (2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)propanamide

486.0 1.81 min HPLC Example76 (R)-N-(1-(5- (cyclopropyl-methoxy)pyridin- 2-yl)ethyl)-3- (5-fluoro-2-phenyl- 1H-indol-3-yl)propanamide

458.1 1.84 min HPLC Example77 (R)-N-(1-(5-(2- fluorobenzyloxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)-2- (4-trifluoromethyl) phenoxy)acetamide

449.1 3.24 min HPLC Example78 (R)-N-(1-(5- (2,2,2- trifluoromethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)-2- (4-trifluoromethyl) phenoxy)acetamide

430.2 1.92 min HPLC Example79 (R)-5-fluoro-N-(1- (

-methyl-5-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)- 1H-indole-2-carboxamide

395.8 1.80 min HPLC Example80 (R)-5-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy)-N-(1-(5-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)

amide

423.8 1.79 min HPLC Example81 (R)-N-(1-(5-(pyridin- 2-ylmethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)-2- (4-trifluoromethyl) phenoxy)acetamide

Alternative route 431.8 1.68 min HPLC Example82 (1S,2S)-N-((R)-1- (5-(2-

)pyridin-2- yl)ethyl)-2-methyl- 2-(4-trifluoromethyl) phenyl)cyclopro-panecarboxamide

472.9 3.04 min HPLC Example83 (R)-N-(1-(5-(2,2,2-

)pyridin-2- yl)ethyl)-5-(4-

ethyl)phenyl) propanamide

420.9 1.77 min HPLC Example84 N-((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)- 1,2,3,4- tetrahydro

- 2-carboxamide

378.9 1.77 min HPLC Example85 (1S,2S)-N-((R)-1- (5-(2- fluorobenzyoxy)pyridin-3-yl)ethyl)- 2-methyl-2-(4- trifluoromethyl) phenyl)cyclopro-

473.0 2.0

min HPLC panecarboxamide Example86 (R)-N-(1-(8-(2- fluorobenzyoxy)pyridin-3-yl)ethyl)- 3-(1H-indol-3-yl) propanamide

418.0 1.79 min HPLC Example87 (R)-N-(1-(3-(2- fluorobenzyoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)- 3-(1H-indol-3-yl) propanamide

418.0 1.72 min HPLC Example88 (R)-N-(1-(5-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)-2- (4-(trifluoromethyl) phenyl)oxozole-4-carboxamide

450.9 1.95 min HPLC Example89 (R,E)-3-(1H-indol-3- yl)-N-(1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2- yl)ethyl)acryamide

369.9 1.60 min HPLC Example90 (R,E)-3-(1H-indol-3- yl)-N-(1-(6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-3- yl)ethyl)acryamide

369.0 1.71 min HPLC Example91 (1R,2R)-N-((R)-1- (5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)-2- (4-trifluoromethyl)phenyl)cyclopro- panecarboxamide

435.1 3.15 min HPLC Example92 (1R,2R)-N-((R)-1- (

-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-3-yl)ethyl)-2- (4-trifluoromethyl)phenyl)cyclopro- panecarboxamide

433.1 8.82 min HPLC Example93 (R)-3-(1H-indol-3- yl)-N-(1-(6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-3-yl)ethyl) propanamide

392.2 2.92 min HPLC Example94 (1S,2S)-2-methyl- N-((R)-1-(6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-3-yl)ethyl)- 2-(4-trifluoromethyl)phenyl)cyclopro- panecarboxamide

447.1 3.47 min HPLC Example95 (R)-5-fluoro-N-(1- (5-(3- fluorobenzyloxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)- 1H-indole-2- carboxamide

405.2 3.04 min HPLC Example96 (R)-N-(1-(5-((1- methylcyclopropyl)methoxy)pyridin- 2-yl)ethyl)-2-(4- trifluoromethyl) phenoxy)acetamide

405.2 3.34 min HPLC Example97 (R)-3-(1H-indol-3- yl)-N-(1-(3-((1-methylcyclopropyl) methoxy)pyridin-2- yl)ethyl) propanamide

378.2 2.80 min HPLC Example98 (R)-5-fluoro-N- (1-(5-((1-methylcyclopropyl) methoxy)pyridin-2- yl)ethyl)-1H-indole- 2-carboxamide

368.2 3.02 min HPLC Example99 (1S,2S)-2-methyl- N-((R)-1-(5-((1-methylcyclopropyl) methoxy)pyridin-2- yl)ethyl)-3-(4- (trifluoromethyl)phenyl)cyclopro-

433.2 3.49 min HPLC panacarboxamide Example100 N-(3-(2,2,2-

oethoxy)-5,6,7,8- tetrahydroquinolin- 8-yl)-2-(4- (trifluoromethyl)phenoxy) carboxamide

449.2 3.19 min HPLC Example101 3-(1H-indol-3-yl)- N-(2-(2,2,2-(trifluoroethoxy)- 5,6,7,8- tetrahydroquinolin- 8-yl)propanamide

418.2 2.77 min HPLC Example102 trans-2-(4-tert- butyl)phenyl)-N-(3-(2,2,2- trifluoromethoxy)- 5,6,7,8- tetrahydroquinolin-8-yl)cyclopropane- carboxamide

447.2 3.47 min HPLC Example103 (R)-N-(1-(3- fluoro-6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)- 3-(1H-indol-3- yl)propanamide

409.9 1.68 min HPLC Example104 (R)-3-(1H)-indol- 3-yl)-N-(1-(3-methyl-6-(2,2,2- trifluoromethoxy) pyridin-2-yl) ethyl)propanamide

408.0 1.70 min HPLC Example105 (R)-4-((1H-imidazol- 1-yl)methyl)-N-(1-(6-(2,2,2- trifluoromethoxy) pyridin-2- yl)ethyl)-1H-indole-2-carboxamide

444.1 1.47 min HPLC Example106 trans-2-(1-methyl- 1H-indol-3-yl)-N-((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2-yl)ethyl) cyclopropane-carboxamide

417.9 1.77 min HPLC Example107 (R)-2-(4-

)- N-(1-(6-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2-yl)ethyl) nicotinamide

451.9 1.92 min HPLC Example108 trans-2-(7-fluoro- 1H-indol-3-yl)-N-((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2- yl)ethyl)cyclopro-panecarboxamide

421.9 1.60 min HPLC Example109 trans-2-(1H-indol- 5-yl)-N-((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2- yl)ethyl)cyclopro-panecarboxamide

408.8 1.01 min HPLC Example110 trans-2-(5-fluoro- 1H-indol-3-yl)-N-((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2- yl)ethyl)cyclopro-panecarboxamide

425.9 1.05 min HPLC Example111 trans-2-(5-

- 1H-indol-3-yl)-N- ((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl) cyclopropanecar- boxamide

429.0 1.67 min HPLC Example112 (R)-3-chloro-4- methyl-N- (1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2- yl)ethyl)benzamide

372.6 1.80 min HPLC Example113 (R)-4-tert-butyl-N- (1-(6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-3- yl)ethyl)benzamide

351.0 1.98 min HPLC Example114 (R)-3-chloro-N- (1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2- yl)ethyl)benzamide

358.9 1.72 min HPLC Example115 (R)-N-(1-(5-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl) isoquinoline-2- carboxamide

375.9 1.77 min HPLC Example116 (R)-N-(1-(5-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl) quinoline-2- carboxamide

376.8 1.70 min HPLC Example117 (R)-1-methoxy-N- (1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2-yl)ethyl) quinoline-2- carboxamide

405.8 1.90 min HPLC Example118 (R)-5-phenyl-N-(1- (5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2-yl)ethyl) pyrimidine-4- carboxamide

402.9 1.87 min HPLC Example119 (R)-5-phenyl-N-(1- (5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)

amide

417.8 1.72 min HPLC Example120 (R)-5-isobutyl-N- (1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-3-yl)ethyl)

-3-carboxamide

371.9 1.86 min HPLC Example121 (R)-2-benzyl-N-(1- (5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2-yl)ethyl) imidazole-4- carboxamide

431.8 1.85 min HPLC Example122 (R)-

-methyl- 2-phenyl-N-(1-(5- (2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)-2H-1,2,3-

- 4-carboxamide

405.9 1.92 min HPLC Example123 (R)-3-(2- methylthiazol-4-yl)-N-(1-(5-((2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2-yl)ethyl) benzamide

421.9 1.70 min HPLC Example124 trans-2-(1H- indol-2-yl)-N-((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2-yl)ethyl) cyclopropanecar-boxamide

404.0 1.72 min HPLC Example125 trans-2-(5-fluoro- 1H-indol-2-yl)-N-((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2-yl)ethyl) cyclopropanecar-boxamide

422.0 1.72 min HPLC Example126 trans-2-(4-fluoro- 1H-indol-3-yl)-N-((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2-yl)ethyl) cyclopropanecar-boxamide

422.0 1.64 min HPLC Example127 (R)-

-methoxy- N-(1-(

(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)- 1H-indole-2- carboxamide

394.0 1.86 min HPLC Example128 (R)-N-(1-(5-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl) benzo[b]thiophene- 2-carboxamide

358.9 1.78 min HPLC Example129 (R)-3-(benzyloxy)- 4-methoxy-N-(1-(5-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2-yl)ethyl) benzamide

480.9 1.80 min HPLC Example130 (R)-4-phenoxy-N-(1- (5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2-yl)ethyl) benzamide

418.0 1.89 min HPLC Example131 (R)-3-phenoxy-N-(1- (5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2-yl)ethyl) benzamide

418.9 1.88 min HPLC Example132 (R)-5-tert-butyl-2- methoxy-N-(1-(5-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2-yl)ethyl) benzamide

411.0 1.98 min HPLC Example133 (1S*,2S*)- 2-(1H-indol-3-yl)-N-((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecar- boxamide

Confirmed by NMR(see Table 2) Chiral- HPLC Example134 (1R*,2R*)-2-(1H-indol-3-yl)- N-((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl) cyclopropanecar- boxamide

Confirmed by NMR(see Table 2) Chiral- HPLC Example135 (R)-5-chloro-1-methyl-N-(1- (5-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)- 1H-

-3- carboxamide

410.1 1.75 min HPLC Example136 (R)-5-methoxy-1- methyl-N-(1- (5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)- 1H-indole-3- carboxamide

408.2 1.83 min HPLC Example137 (R)-1,6-dimethyl- N-(1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)- 1H-indole-3- carboxamide

260.1 1.74 min HPLC Example138 (R)-6-fluoro-1- methyl-N-(1-(5- (2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)- 1H-indole-3- carboxamide

394.1 1.68 min HPLC Example139 (R)-6-chloro-1- methyl-N-(1-(5- (2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)- 1H-indole-3- carboxamide

410.1 1.77 min HPLC Example140 (R)-5-methyl- N-(1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)- 1H-indole-3- carboxamide

375.2 1.62 min HPLC Example141 (R)-5-fluoro- N-(1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)- 1H-indole-3- carboxamide

393.3 1.57 min HPLC Example142 (R)-5-chloro- N-(1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)- 1H-indole-3- carboxamide

396.1 1.85 min HPLC Example143 (R)-5-methoxy- N-(1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)- 1H-indole-3- carboxamide

392.1 1.63 min HPLC Example144 (R)-5-chloro- N-(1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)- 1H-indole-3- carboxamide

396.1 1.65 min HPLC Example145 trans-2-(1H-indazol- 3-yl)-N-((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2-yl)ethyl) cyclopropanecarbox- amide

403.2 1.52 min HPLC Example146 (R)-6-fluoro- N-(1-(6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-3-yl)ethyl)- 1H-indole-2- carboxamide

380.2 1.78 min HPLC Example147 trans-3-(1H-indol- 5-yl)-N-((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-5-yl)ethyl) cyclopropanecarbox- amide

402.2 1.75 min HPLC Example148 (R)-1,5-isomethyl- N-(1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)- 1H-indole-2- carboxamide

393.2 1.85 min HPLC Example149 (R)-5-fluoro-1- methyl-N-(1-(5- (2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)- 1H-indole-2- carboxamide

394.2 1.80 min HPLC Example150 (R)-5-chloro-1- methyl-N-(1-(5- (2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-3-yl)ethyl)- 1H-indole-2- carboxamide

410.1 1.90 min HPLC Example151 (R)-5-fluoro-1- methyl-N-(1-(5- (2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)- 1H-indole-2- carboxamide

364.1 1.81 min HPLC Example152 (R)-1,2,3-trimethyl- N-(1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)- 1H-indole-5- carboxamide

404.1 1.77 min HPLC Example153 (R)-5-methyl-N-(1- (5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)- 1H-indole-2- carboxamide

376.0 1.73 min HPLC Example154 (R)-5-chloro-N-(1- (5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)- 1H-indole-2- carboxamide

395.3 1.70 min HPLC Example155 (R)-4-

-N-(1- (5-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)- 1H-indole-3-carboxamide

380.0 1.71 min HPLC Example156 (R)-N-(1-(5-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)- 4-(trifluoroethoxy) benzamide

406.9 1.81 min HPLC Example157 (R)-5-phenyl-N-(1- (5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2- yl)ethyl)

-3- carboxamide

390.0 1.84 min HPLC Example158 (R)-N-(1-(5-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)- 3-(trifluoroethoxy)- 1H-indole-2- carboxamide

445.9 1.83 min HPLC Example159 (R)-5-bromo-N- (1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)- 1H-indole-2- carboxamide

499.6 1.80 min HPLC Example160 (R)-1,6-dimethyl- N-(1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)- 1H-indole-2- carboxamide

392.0 1.67 min HPLC Example161 (R)-6-chloro-1- methyl-N-(1-(5- (2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)- 1H-indole-2- carboxamide

410.0 1.60 min HPLC Example162 (R)-1-methyl- N-(1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)- 5- (trifluoromethoxy)-1H-indole-2- carboxamide

459.8 1.64 min HPLC Example163 (R)-N-(1-(5-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)- 3- (trifluoromethoxy)- benzamide

406.8 1.79 min HPLC Example164 (R)-1,5-dimethyl- N-(1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)- 1H-indazole-3- carboxamide

393.0 1.81 min HPLC Example165 (R)-5-chloro-1- methyl-N-(1-(6- (2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)- 1H-indazole-3- carboxamide

411.1 1.84 min HPLC Example166 trans-2-(quinolin-7- yl)-N-((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2-yl)ethyl) cyclopropanecar- boxamide

414.1 1.55 min HPLC Example167 trans-2-(1-methyl- 1H-indol-6-yl)-N-((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2-yl)ethyl) cyclopropanecar-boxamide

418.0 1.74 min HPLC Example168 trans-2-(

- 1H-indol-3-yl)-N- ((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl) cyclopropanecarbox- amide

420.1 1.65 min HPLC Example169 trans-2-((4- chlorophenoxyl)methyl)-N-((R)- 1-(5-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecarbox-

427.1 1.83 min HPLC amide Example170 trans-2-(quinolin-7-yl)-N-((R)-1-(5- (2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy) pyrazin-2-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecarbox- amide

419.2 1.02 min HPLC Example171 trans-2-(5-fluoro- 1H-indol-2-yl)-N-((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy) pyrazin-2-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecarbox- amide

421.1 1.78 min HPLC Example172 trans-2-(isoquinolin- 3-yl)-N-((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2-yl)ethyl) cyclopropanecarbox- amide

414.2 1.66 min HPLC Example173 trans-2-(quinolin- 3-yl)-N-((R)-1-(3-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2-yl)ethyl) cyclopropanecarbox- amide

414.2 1.58 min HPLC Example174 trans-2-(quinolin- 3-yl)-N-((R)-1-(3-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2-yl)ethyl) cyclopropanecarbox- amide

418.1 1.64 min HPLC Example175 trans-2-((4-

methyl)-N-((R)- 1-(5-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecarbox- amide

428.1 1.87 min HPLC Example176 trans-2-(3- (

ethoxy)phenyl)- N-((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecarbox- amide

429.1 1.72 min HPLC Example177 trans-2-(2-fluoro- 5-methoxy)phenyl)-N-((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecarbox- amide

411.1 1.71 min HPLC Example178 (R)-8-chloro-1- methyl-N-(1-(5- (2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)- 1H-indazole-3- carboxamide

411.1 1.66 min HPLC Example179 (R)-4-tert-butyl-N- (1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy) pyrazin-2-yl)ethyl) benzamide

380.2 1.96 min HPLC Example180 (R)-6-fluoro-N- (1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy) pyrazin-3-yl)ethyl)- 1H-indole-2- carboxamide

381.1 1.75 min HPLC Example181 trans-N-((R)-1-(5- (cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)-2- (5-fluoro-1H-indol- 2-yl)cyclopropane-carboxamide

392.2 1.74 min HPLC Example182 trans-2-((1H-indol-1- yl)methyl)-N-((R)-1-(

-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy) pyridine-2-yl) ethyl)cyclopropane- carboxamide

415.1 1.75 min HPLC Example183 (R)-5-fluoro-1- methyl-N-(1-(5- (2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy) pyrazin-2-yl) ethyl)-1H-indole-2- carboxamide

1

1.88 min HPLC Example184 (R)-4-tert-butyl-N- (1-(5-(cyclopro-pylmethoxy)pyridin- 2-yl)ethyl)benzamide

353.0 1.94 min HPLC Example185 (R)-N-(1-(6- (cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)- 6-fluoro-1H-indole-3- carboxamide

352.2 1.72 min HPLC Example186 (R)-N-(1-(5- (cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)- 6-fluoro-1-methyl- 1H-indole-2- carboxamide

368.1 1.85 min HPLC Example187 trans-2-(1H-

-N- ((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2- trifluoro

)pyrazin- 2-yl)ethyl) cyclopropane- carboxamide

403.1 1.

min HPLC Example188 trans-N-((R)-1-(5- (cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)- 3-(1H-indol-6- yl)cyclopropane- carboxamide

374.1 1.65 min HPLC Example189 trans-2-(1-((3- methylacetan-3-yl)methyl)-1H-indol-

-yl)-N-((R)-1- (5-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecarbox- amide

487.9 1.70 min HPLC Example190 trans-2-(1-((3- methylacetan-3-yl)methyl)-1H-indol- 8-yl)-N-((R)-1- (5-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy)pyrazin-2-yl)ethyl) cyclopropanecarbox- amide

487.1 1.77 min HPLC Example191 trans-N-((R)-1-(5- (cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)-2- (1-((3-

-3-yl) methyl)-1H-indol- 6-yl)cyclopro- panecarboxamide

480.0 1.73 min HPLC Example192 trans-N-((R)-1-(5- (cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)-2- (1-methyl-1H-indol- 6-yl)cyclo

carboxamide

330.0 1.77 min HPLC Example193 trans-N-((R)-1-(5- (cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)-2- (3,5-

phenyl)cyclopro- panecarboxamide

371.1 1.78 min HPLC Example194 trans-2-(3,5- difluorophenyl)-N-((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy) pyrazin-2- yl)ethyl)cyclopro-panecarboxamide

400.0 1.

min HPLC Example195 trans-2-(2,5- difluorophenyl)- N-((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2- yl)ethyl)cyclopro- panecarboxamide

399.1 1.78 min HPLC Example196 trans-N-((R)-1-(5- (cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)- 2-(2,5- difluorophenyl) cyclopropanecarbox- amide

371.1 1.77 min HPLC Example197 trans-2-(2,5- difluorophenyl)-N-((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy) pyrazin-2- yl)ethyl)cyclopro-panecarboxamide

400.0 1.81 min HPLC Example198 (R)-N-(1-(6-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)-

-(trifluoro

)- 1H-indazole-3- carboxamide

447.0 1.78 min HPLC Example199 (R)-1-methyl-N- (1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy) pyrazin-2-yl)ethyl)-

- (trifluoromethoxy)- 1H-indazole-3- carboxamide

481.0 1.93 min HPLC Example200 trans-2-(2- (isopropylamino)pyridin-4-yl)-N-((R)- 1-(5-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy) pyrazin-2-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecarbox-

422.1 1.64 min HPLC amide Example201 trans-N-((R)-1-(5-(cyclopropylmethoxy) pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)-2- (1H-indol-4-yl)cyclopropanecar- boxamide

374.1 1.62 min HPLC Example202 trans-2-(4-methoxy-

-methylphenyl)-N- ((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecar- boxamide

408.6 1.79 min HPLC Example203 (1S*,2S*)-2-(1H- indol-

-yl)-N-((R)- 1-(5-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2- yl)ethyl)cyclopro-panecarboxamide

Confirmed by NMR(see Table 2) Chiral- HPLC Example204 (1R*,2R*)-2-(1H-indol-5-yl)-N-((R)- 1-(5-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)cyclopro- panecarboxamide

Confirmed by NMR(see Table 2) Chiral- HPLC Example205trans-2-(quinolin-2- yl)-N-((R)-1-(6- ((2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-3- yl)ethyl)cyclopro- panecarboxamide

414.1 1.82 min HPLC Example206 trans-2-(quinolin-7- yl)-N-((R)-1-(6-((2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-3- yl)ethyl)cyclopro- panecarboxamide

414.1 1.68 min HPLC Example207 trans-2-(quino

-6- yl)-N-((R)-1-(

- ((2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-3- yl)ethyl)cyclopro-panecarboxamide

414.1 1.66 min HPLC Example208 trans-2-(1-methyl- 1H-indol-

-yl)-N- ((R)-1-(8-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-3- yl)ethyl)cyclopro-panecarboxamide

416.1 1.87 min HPLC Example209 trans-2-((4-chloro- phenoxy)methyl)-N-((R)-1-(6-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-3- yl)ethyl)cyclopro-panecarboxamide

427.0 1.82 min HPLC Example210 trans-2-(5-fluoro- 1H-indol-3-yl)-N-((R)-1-(6-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-3- yl)ethyl)cyclopro-panecarboxamide

420.1 1.83 min HPLC Example211 trans-2-(quinolin-3- yl)-N-((R)-1-(8-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-3- yl)ethyl)cyclopro- panecarboxamide

414.1 1.71 min HPLC Example212 trans-2-(1H-indol- 7-yl)-N-((R)-1-(6-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-3- yl)ethyl)cyclopro- panecarboxamide

402.1 1.84 min HPLC Example213 trans-2-(1-((3- methoxy

-3- yl)methyl)-1H-indol- 6-yl)-N-((R)-1-(6- (2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-3- yl)ethyl)cyclopro- panecarboxamide

485.1 1.84 min HPLC Example214 trans-2-(1H-indol- 4-yl)-N-((R)-1-(6-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-3- yl)ethyl)cyclopro- panecarboxamide

403.1 1.74 min HPLC Example215 (1S*,2S*)-2-(

-

quinolin-2-yl)-N- ((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy) pyrazin-2-yl)ethyl)cyclopro- panecarboxamide

Confirmed by NMR(see Table 2) MPLC Example216 (R)-6-fluoro-1-methyl-N-(1-(6- (2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-3- yl)ethyl)-1H-indole-2-carboxamide

304.0 1.93 min HPLC Example217 (R)-6-methoxy- N-(1-(8-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-3- yl)ethyl)-1H-indole- 2-carboxamide

352.1 1.74 min HPLC Example218 (R)-N-(1-(6-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-3- yl)ethyl)benzo[b]

-2-carboxamide

375.0 1.

min HPLC Example219 (R)-N-(1-(6-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-3-yl)ethyl)-4- (trifluoromethoxy) benzamide

407.0 1.91 min HPLC Example220 (R)-2-phenoxy-N- (1-(6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-3- yl)ethyl)benzamide

415.0 1.97 min HPLC Example221 (R)-6-methoxy-N- (1-(6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2- yl)ethyl)quinoline- 2-carboxamide

406.6 1.85 min HPLC Example222 (1R*,2R*)- 2-(quinolin-2-yl)- N-((R)-1-(

(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy) pyrazin-2- yl)ethyl)cyclopro- panecarboxamide

Confirmed by NMR(see Table 2) Chiral- HPLC Example223 (1S*,2S*)-2-(1H-indol-2-yl)- N-((R)-1-(6-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-3-yl)ethyl)cyclopro- panecarboxamide

Confirmed by NMR(see Table 2) Chiral- HPLC Example224 (1R*,2R*)-2-(1H-indol-2-yl)- N-((R)-1-(6-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-3-yl)ethyl)cyclopro- panecarboxamide

Confirmed by NMR(see Table 2) Chiral- HPLC Example225 (1S*,2S*)-2-(1H-indol-2-yl)- N-((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy) pyrazin-2-yl)ethyl)cyclopro- panecarboxamide

Confirmed by NMR(see Table 2) MPLC Example226 (1R*,2R*)-2-(1H-indol-2-yl)- N-((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy) pyrazin-2-yl)ethyl)cyclopro- panecarboxamide

Confirmed by NMR(see Table 2) MPLC Example227 (1S*,2S*)- 2-(1-methyl-1H-indazol-6-yl)-N- ((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)cyclopro-

Confirmed by NMR(see Table 2) Chiral- HPLC panecarboxamide Example228trans-2-(1-methyl- 1H-indazol-6-yl)- N-((R)-1-(6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-3- yl)ethyl)cyclopro- panecarboxamide

417.1 1.89 min HPLC Example229 trans-2-(1-methyl- 1H-indazol-6-yl)-N-((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2- yl)ethyl)cyclopro-panecarboxamide

418.1 1.84 min HPLC Example230 trans-N-((R)-1-(5- (cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)ethyl)-2- (1-methyl-1H- imidazol-6- yl)cyclopropane-

289.2 1.58 min HPLC carboxamide Example231 (R)-3-(pyridin-2-yloxy)-N-(1-(5- (2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2- yl)ethyl)carboxamide

416.1 1.60 min HPLC Example232 (R)-4-(

-2H- pyrazine-

)-N-(1- (5-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2-yl)ethyl) benzamide

423.1 1.61 min HPLC Example233 (R)-N-(1-(3-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)

[1,6-a]pyridine- 2-carboxamide

353.1 1.60 min HPLC Example234 (R)-N-(1-(5-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl) pyraz

[1,5-a] pyridine-7- carboxamide

363.0 1.76 min HPLC Example235 (R)-N-(1-(5-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)- 1-(3- (trifluoromethyl) phenyl)-1H- imidazole-2-carboxamide

457.1 1.78 min HPLC Example236 (R)-1-methyl-N-(1- (5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)- 1H-thieno[3,2-b]

-5-carboxamide

382.1 1.75 min HPLC Example237 (1S*,2S*)- 2-(4-(benzyl

)- N-((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2- yl)ethyl)cyclopro-panecarboxamide

Confirmed by NMR(see Table 2) MPLC Example238 (1R*,2R*)-2-(4-(benzyloxyphenyl)- N-((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl) cyclopropanecar- boxamide

Confirmed by NMR(see Table 2) MPLC Example239 (R,E)-3-(quinolin-2-yl)-N-(1-(5-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2-yl)ethyl) acrylamide

400.1 1.52 min MPLC Example240 (1S*,2S*)-2-(3- (benzyloxy)phenyl)-N-((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecar- boxamide

Confirmed by NMR(see Table 2) MPLC Example241 (1R*,2R*)-2-(3-(benzyloxy)phenyl)- N-((R)-1-(6-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl) cyclopropanecar- boxamide

Confirmed by NMR(see Table 2) MPLC Example242 (1S*,2S*)-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)- N-((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecar- boxamide

Alternative route 378.9 1.48 min HPLC Example243 trans-2-(1-methyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol- 2-yl)-N-((R)-1-(5- (2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl) cyclopropanecar- boxamide

415.9 1.52 min HPLC Example244 trans-2-(1-methyl- 1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-N-((R)-1-(5- (2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy) pyrazin-2-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecar- boxamide

418.0 1.58 min HPLC Example245 trans-2-(1-methyl-1H- benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-N-((R)-1-(5- (2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-3-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecar- boxamide

416.9 1.64 min HPLC Example246 (1S*,2S*)-2- (2-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-N- ((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecar-

414.9 1.81 min MPLC boxamide Example247 (1R*,2R*)-2- (2-chloro-4-

phenyl)-N- ((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecar-

414.9 1.79 min MPLC boxamide Example248 (SR*,2S*)-2- (2-fluoro-4-methoxyphenyl)-N- ((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-3-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecar-

411.0 1.73 min MPLC boxamide Example249 (1R*,2R*)-2- (2-fluoro-4-methoxyphenyl)-N- ((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecar-

411.0 1.72 min MPLC boxamide Example250 (1S*,2S*)-N- ((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)- 2-(2,4,

- trifluorophenyl) cyclopropanecar-

416.0 1.78 min MPLC boxamide Example251 (1S*,2S*)-3- m-tolyl-N-((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2-yl)ethyl) cyclopropanecar-boxamide

377.0 1.80 min MPLC Example252 (1R*,2R*)-2- m-tolyl-N-((R)-1- (5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2-yl)ethyl) cyclopropanecar- boxamide

377.0 1.80 min MPLC Example253 (1S*,2S*)-2- (3,5-

phenyl)-N- ((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecar- boxamide

396.0 1.77 min MPLC Example254 (1R*,2R*)-2- (3,5-

phenyl)-N- ((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecar- boxamide

398.0 1.77 min MPLC Example255 (1S*,2S*)-2- (3-hydroxyphenyl)-N-((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecarbox- amide

Alternative route 379.0 1.91 min HPLC Example256 (1S*,2S*)-2-(4-(2-(4,4- difluoropiperidin- 1-yl)-2- oxoethoxy)phenyl)-N-((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy)

Alternative route 539.9 1.85 min HPLC pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecar- boxamide Example257 (1S*,2S*)-2-(3- (2-(4,4-difluoropi-peridin-1-yl)-2- oxoethoxy)phenyl)- N-((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl) cyclopropanecarbox- amide

Alternative route 539.9 1.68 min HPLC Example258 (1S*,2S*)-2-(3-methoxyphenyl)- N-((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl) cyclopropanecarbox- amide

353.0 1.71 min MPLC Example259 (1S*,2S*)-2- (4-methoxyphenyl)-N-((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecarbox- amide

393.0 1.69 min MPLC Example260 (1R*,2R*)-2- (1H-benzo[d]

-2- yl)-N-((R)-1-(5- (2,2,2-

) pyridin-2-yl)ethyl) cyclopropanecarbox- amide

403.0 1.44 min MPLC Example261 (1S*,2S*)-2-(2- chloro-4- fluorophenyl)-N-((R)-1-(5- (cyclopropylmethoxy) pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecarbox-

387.0 1.89 min MPLC amide Example262 (1R*,2R*)-2-(2- chloro-4-fluorophenyl)- N-((R)-1-(5- (cyclopropylmethoxy) pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecarbox-

357.0 1.83 min MPLC amide Example263 (1S*,2S*)-N-((R)- 1-(5-(cyclopropylmethoxy) pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)-2- (2-fluoro-4- methoxyphenyl)cyclopropanecarbox-

383.1 1.75 min MPLC amide Example264 (1R*,2R*)-N-((R)- 1-(5-(cyclopropylmethoxy) pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)-2- (2-fluoro-4- methoxyphenyl)cyclopropanecarbox-

353.1 1.75 min MPLC amide Example265 (1S*,2S*)-N- ((R)-1-(5-(cyclopropylmethoxy) pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)- 2-(2,4,

- trifluorophenyl) cyclopropanecarbox-

359.0 1.81 min MPLC amide Example266 (1R*,2R*)-N- ((R)-1-(5-(cyclopropylmethoxy) pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)- 2-(2,4,5- trifluorophenyl)cyclo

amide

389.0 1.52 min MPLC Example267 (1S*,2S*)-N- ((R)-1-(5-(cyclopropylmethoxy) pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)- 2-

-

ylcyclopro- panecarboxamide

346.1 1.63 min MPLC Example268 (1S*,2S*)-2-(2- chloro-4- fluorophenyl)-N-((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy) pyrazin-2-yl)ethyl)-cyclopropanecar-

415.0 1.89 min MPLC boxamide Example269 (1R*,2R*)-2-(2- chloro-4-fluorophenyl)- N-((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy) pyrazin-2-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecar-

415.0 1.87 min MPLC boxamide Example270 (1S*,2S*)-2-(3- fluoro-4-methoxyphenyl)- N-((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy) pyrazin-2-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecar-

412.0

min MPLC boxamide Example271 (1S*,2S*)-N-((R)-1- (5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy) pyrazin-2-yl)ethyl)-2- (2,4,5-trifluorophenyl)cyclopropanecarbox- amide

417.9 1.56 min MPLC Example272 (1R*,2R*)-N-((R)-1- (5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy) pyrazin-2-yl)ethyl)-2- (2,4,5-trifluorophenyl)cyclopropanecarbox- amide

418.0 1.85 min MPLC Example273 (1S*,2S*)-2-m-tolyl- N-((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy) pyrazin-2-yl)ethyl) cyclopropanecarbox- amide

378.1 1.88 min MPLC Example274 (1R*,2R*)-2-m-tolyl- N-((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy) pyrazin-2-yl)ethyl) cyclopropanecarbox- amide

370.1 1.87 min MPLC Example275 (1S*,2S*)-2-(1H- indol-7-yl)-N-((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy) pyrazin-2-yl)ethyl) cyclopropanecarbox-amide

402.0 1.75 min Chiral- HPLC Example276 (1R*,2R*)-2-(1H-indol-7-yl)-N-((R)- 1-(5-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecarbox- amide

402.0 1.73 min Chiral- HPLC Example277 (1R*,2R*)-2-(1H-indol-4-yl)-N-((R)- 1-(5-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecarbox- amide

402.0 1.82 min Chiral- HPLC Example278 (1S*,2S*)-2-(1H-indol-4-yl)-N-((R)- 1-(5-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy) pyrazin-2-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecarbox- amide

403.0 1.07 min Chiral- HPLC Example279 (1R*,2R*)-2-(1H-indol-4-yl)-N-((R)- 1-(5-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy) pyrazin-2-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecarbox- amide

403.0 1.69 min Chiral- HPLC Example280 (1S*,2S*)-2-phenyl-N-((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecarbox- amide

383.0 1.72 min MPLC Example281 (1R*,2R*)-2-phenyl- N-((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2-yl)ethyl) cyclopropanecarbox- amide

383.0 1.72 min MPLC Example282 (1S*,2S*)-2-phenyl- N-((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy) pyrazin-2-yl)ethyl) cyclopropanecarbox- amide

364.0 1.79 min MPLC Example283 (1R*,2R*)-2-phenyl- N-((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy) pyrazin-2-yl)ethyl) cyclopropanecarbox- amide

364.0 1.79 min MPLC Example284 (1S*,2S*)-2-phenyl- N-((R)-1-(6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-3-yl)ethyl) cyclopropanecarbox- amide

363.0 1.84 min MPLC Example285 (1R*,2R*)-2-phenyl- N-((R)-1-(6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-3-yl)ethyl) cyclopropanecarbox- amide

363.0 1.83 min MPLC Example286 (1S*,2S*)-2-(1H- benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-N-((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy) pyrazin-2-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecarbox- amide

404.0 1.4

min MPLC Example287 (1S*,2S*)-2-(1H- benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-N-((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-3-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecarbox- amide

403.0 1.55 min MPLC Example288 (1R*,2R*)-2-(1H- benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-N-((R)-1-(6-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-3-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecarbox- amide

403.0 1.56 min MPLC Example289 (1R*,2R*)-2-(5- fluoro-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2- yl)-N-((R)-1-(6-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)ethyl) cyclopropanecarbox-

421.0 1.69 min MPLC amide Example290 (1S*,2S*)-2-(5- fluoro-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2- yl)-N-((R)-1-(6-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)ethyl) cyclopropanecarbox-

421.0 1.69 min MPLC amide Example291 (1R*,2R*)-2-(5- cyano-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2- yl)-N-((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl) cyclopropanecarbox-

428.0 1.44 min MPLC amide Example292 (R)-4-tert-butyl-N-(1-(5-hydroxypyridin- 2-yl)ethyl)benzamide

Alternative route Confirmed by NMR(see Table 2) HPLC Example293(1S*,2S*)-2- (phenoxymethyl)- N-((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl) cyclopropanecar- boxamide

Alternative route 353.0 1.73 min HPLC Example294 (1S*,2S*)-2-((3-fluorophenoxy) methyl)-N-((R)-1-(5- (2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl) cyclopropanecar- boxamide

Alternative route 411.0 1.75 min HPLC Example295 (1S*,2S*)-2-((3-cyanophenoxy) methyl)-N-((R)-1-(5- (2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl) cyclopropanecar-

Alternative route 416.0 1.56 min HPLC boxamide Example296(1S*,2S*)-2-((4- fluorophenoxy) methyl)-N-((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2-yl)ethyl) cyclopropanecar- boxamide

Alternative route 411.0 1.73 min HPLC Example297 (1S*,2S*)-2-((4-cyanophenoxy) methyl)-N-((R)-1-(5- (2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl) cyclopropanecar-

Alternative route 418.3 1.63 min HPLC boxamide Example298 (1R*,2R*)-2-(phenoxymethyl)-N- ((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl) cyclopropanecar- boxamide

Alternative route 393.0 1.72 min HPLC Example299 (1R*,2R*)-2-((3-fluorophenoxy) methyl)-N-((R)-1-(5- (2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl) cyclopropanecar- boxamide

Alternative route 411.0 1.75 min HPLC Example300 (1R*,2R*)-3-((3-cyanophenoxy) methyl)-N-((R)-1-(5- (2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)ethyl) cyclopropanecar- boxamide

Alternative route 418.0 1.63 min HPLC Example301 (1R*,2R*)-2-((4-fluorophenoxy) methyl)-N-((R)-1-(5- (2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl) cyclopropanecar- boxamide

Alternative route 411.0 1.72 min HPLC Example302 (1R*,2R*)-2-((4-cyanophenoxy) methyl)-N-((R)-1-(5- (2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl) cyclopropanecar- boxamide

Alternative route 418.0 1.63 min HPLC Example303 (1S*,2S*)-2-(3-((3-methyloxetan-3- yl)methoxy)phenyl)- N-((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl) cyclopropanecar- boxamide

Alternative route 453.0 1.72 min HPLC Example304 (1S*,2S*)-2-(4-((3-methyloxetan-3- yl)methoxy)phenyl)- N-((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl) cyclopropanecar-

Alternative route 453.0 1.70 min HPLC boxamide Example305(1S*,2S*)-2-(4- (pyridin-2- ylmethoxy)phenyl)- N-((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2-yl)ethyl) cyclopropanecar-

Alternative route 470.0 1.68 min HPLC boxamide Example306(1S*,2S*)-2-(3- (pyridin-2- ylmethoxy)phenyl)- N-((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2-yl)ethyl) cyclopropanecar- boxamide

Alternative route 470.0 1.70 min HPLC Example307 (1S*,2S*)-N-((R)-1-(5-(cyclopropyl- methoxy)pyridin-2- yl)ethyl)-2-(4- methoxy-3-methylphenyl) cyclopropanecar-

379.1 1.83 min MPLC boxamide Example308 (1R*,2R*)-N-((R)-1-(5-(cyclopropyl- methoxy)pyridin-2- yl)ethyl)-2-(4- methoxy-3-methylphenyl) cyclopropanecar-

379.2 1.83 min MPLC boxamide Example309 (1S*,2S*)-2-(4- methoxy-3-methylphenyl)-N- ((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy) pyrazin-2-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecar-

408.1 1.87 min MPLC amide Example310 (1R*,2R*)-2-(4- methoxy-3-methylphenyl)-N- ((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy) pyrazin-2-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecar-

409.0 1.58 min MPLC amide Example311 tert-butyl (R)-1-oxo-3-phenyl-1-((R)-1- (5-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)amino)propan-2- ylcarboxamide

457.8 1.81 min HPLC Example312 tert-butyl (S)-1-oxo- 2-phenyl-1-((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2-yl)ethyl) amino)propan-2-ylcarboxamide

457.5 1.82 min HPLC Example313 (R)-N-(1-(5- (benzyloxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)-4-tert- butylbenzamide

387.1 2.04 min HPLC Example314 (R)-4-tert-butyl-N-(1- (5-(pyridin-2-ylmethoxy)pyridin-2- yl)ethyl)benzamide

Alternative route 388.1 1.77 min HPLC Example315 (R)-4-tert-butyl-N-(1-(5-(methoxypyridin- 2-yl)ethyl)benzamide

311.2 1.78 min HPLC Example316 (1S*,2S*)-N-((R)-1- (5-cyclopropylmethoxy) pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)-2- (1H-indol-7-yl)cyclo-propanecarboxamide

374.1 1.78 min Chiral- HPLC Example317 (1R*,2R*)-N-((R)-1- (5-cyclopropylmethoxy) pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)-2- (1H-indol-7-yl)cyclo-propanecarboxamide

374.1 1.78 min Chiral- HPLC Example318 (1S*,2S*)-2- (phenoxymethyl)-N-((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy) pyrazin-2-yl)ethyl) cyclopropanecar-boxamide

394.0 1.79 min Chiral- HPLC Example319 (1R*,2R*)-2- (phenoxymethyl)-N-((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy) pyrazin-2-yl)ethyl) cyclopropanecar-boxamide

394.0 1.78 min Chiral- HPLC Example320 (1S*,2S*)-2- (phenoxymethyl)-N-((R)-1-(6-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-3-yl)ethyl)

carboxamide

393.0 1.83 min Chiral- HPLC Example321 (1R*,2R*)-2- (phenoxymethyl)-N-((R)-1-(6-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-3-yl)ethyl) cyclopropanecar-boxamide

393.0 1.83 min Chiral- HPLC Example322 (1S*,2S*)-3- (1H-indol-7-yl)-N-((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy) pyrazin-2-yl)ethyl) cyclopropanecar-boxamide

403.0 1.80 min Chiral- HPLC Example323 (1R*,2R*)-2- (1H-indol-7-yl)-N-((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy) pyrazin-2-yl)ethyl) cyclopropanecar-boxamide

403.0 1.80 min Chiral- HPLC Example324 (1S*,2S*)-2- (quinolin-2-yl)-N-((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-3-yl)ethyl) cyclopropanecar-boxamide

414.0 1.70 min Chiral- HPLC Example325 (1R*,2R*)-2- (quinolin-2-yl)-N-((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2-yl)ethyl) cyclopropanecar-boxamide

414.0 1.70 min Chiral- HPLC Example326 (1R*,2R*)-N-((R)- 1-(5-(cyclopropylmethoxy) pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)-2- m-tolylcyclopropane-carboxamide

348.3 1.83 min MPLC Example327 (1S*,2S*)-2-(2,5- difluorophenyl)-N-((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2-yl)ethyl) cyclopropanecar-boxamide

395.0 1.79 min MPLC Example328 (1R*,2R*)-2-(2,5- difluorophenyl)-N-((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2-yl)ethyl) cyclopropanecar-boxamide

398.0 1.74 min MPLC Example329 4-(benzyloxy)-2- methoxy-N-((6-(trifluoromethyl) pyridin-3-yl)methyl) benzamide

417.1 3.00 min HPLC Example330 2-(4-(trifluoromethyl) phenoxy)-N-((6-(trifluoromethyl) pyridin-3-yl)methyl) acetamide

379 2.95 min HPLC Example331 N-(5,6,7,8- tetrahydroquinolin- 8-yl)-2-(4-(trifluoromethyl) phenoxy)acetamide

351.1 2.27 min HPLC Example332 3-(4-(tert-butyl) phenyl)-N-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinolin-8- yl)cyclopropane- carboxamide

345.2 2.45 min HPLC Example333 (R)-N-(1-(6-methyl- 3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)- 2-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy)acetamide

426.8 1.85 min HPLC Example334 (R)-5-fluoro-N-(1- (6-methyl-5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)- 1H-indole-2- carboxamide

395.8 1.84 min HPLC Example335 (R)-1-benzyl-2-oxo- N-(1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)- 1,2-dihydropyridine- 3-carboxamide

430 1.72 min HPLC Example336 (R)-1-benzyl-N-(1- (5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)

-4-carboxamide

420.1 1.52 min HPLC Example337 (S)-3-phenoxy-N-(1- (5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)

415 1.88 min HPLC Example338 (S)-4-isopropyl-N- (1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)

305.1 1.85 min HPLC Example339 (S)-N-(1-(5-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)- 2-(2- (trifluoromethyl) phenoxy)acetamide

421 1.87 min HPLC Example340 (S)-2-(4- chlorophenoxy)-N- (1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2-yl)ethyl) acetamide

387 1.79 min HPLC Example341 (S)-2-(4-chloro-3- trifluoromethyl)phenoxy)-N-(1-(5- (2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2-yl)ethyl) acetamide

454.3 1.9

min HPLC Example342 (S)-8-methoxy-N- (1-(5-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl) quinolin-2- carboxamide

485.8 1.84 min HPLC Example343 (S)-4-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy)-N-(1-(5-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2- yl)ethyl)benzamide

481 1.74 min HPLC Example344 (S)-5-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy)-N-(1-(5-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2- yl)ethyl)

amide

422 1.78 min HPLC Example345 (1S*,2S*)-2-(5- (benzyloxy)phenyl)-N-((S)-1-(5-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2-yl)ethyl) cyclo

carboxamide

492.1 1.94 min MPLC Example346 (1R*,2R*)-2-(3- (benzyloxy)phenyl)-N-((S)-1-(5-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecar- boxamide

459.1 1.94 min MPLC Example347 (1S*,2S*)-2-(4- (benzyloxy)phenyl)-N-((S)-1-(5-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecar- boxamide

459.1 1.93 min MPLC Example348 (1R*,2R*)-2-(4- (benzyloxy)phenyl)-N-((S)-1-(5-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecar- boxamide

469.1 1.93 min MPLC Example349 (1S*,2S*)-2-(2- fluoro-4- methoxyphenyl)-N-((S)-1-(6-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecar-

411.1 1.73 min MPLC boxamide Example350 (1R*,2R*)-2-(2- fluoro-4-methoxyphenyl)- N-((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecar-

411.1 1.72 min MPLC boxamide Example351 (1S*,2S*)-2-(2- chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-N- ((S)-1-(5-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecar-

415 1.81 min MPLC boxamide Example352 (1R*,2R*)-3-(2- chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-N- ((S)-1-(5-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecar-

415 1.79 min MPLC boxamide Example353 (1S*,2S*)-2-phenyl-N-((S)-1-(5-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecar- boxamide

363.1 1.71 min MPLC Example354 (1R*,2R*)-2-phenyl- N-((S)-1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2-yl)ethyl) cyclopropanecarbox- amide

385.1 1.71 min MPLC Example355 tert-butyl ((R)-1-oxo-1-(((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2-yl) ethyl)amino)-3-(2-(trifluoromethoxy) phenyl)

-2- yl)carbamate

852.1 3.42 min HPLC Example356 tert-butyl ((R)-1-oxo-1-(((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2-yl)ethyl) amino)-3-(2-(trifluoromethyl) phenyl)

-2- yl)carbamate

836.1 3.37 min HPLC Example357 (1R*,2R*)-2-(3- methoxyphenyl)-N-((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecarbox- amide

Confirmed by NMR(see Table 2) MPLC Example358 (R)-2-amino-N-((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)-3-(2-(trifluoroethoxy) phenyl)propane- carboxamide

453

min HPLC Example359 (R)-N-(1-(5- (benzyloxy)pyridin- 2-yl)ethyl)-3-phenoxybenzamide

423.1 2.00 min HPLC Example360 (R)-N-(1-(5- methoxypyridin-2-yl)ethyl)-3- phenoxybenzamide

347.1 1.78 min HPLC Example361 (S)-2- (dimethylamino)-3-phenyl-N-((R)-1-(5- (2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)propanamide

394.2 1.54 min HPLC Example362 (R)-2-hydroxy-4- phenyl-N-((R)-1-(S-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2-yl)ethyl) butanamide

381.1 1.84 min HPLC Example363 (S)-5-fluoro-1-methyl- N-

-(5-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)- 1H-

-2-carboxamide

394.1 1.83 min HPLC Example364 (S)-4-(tert-butyl)-2- methoxy-N-(1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2-yl)ethyl) benzamide

409.1 2.00 min HPLC Example365 tert-butyl ((S)-3-oxo-3-(((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2-yl)ethyl) amino)-1-(4-(trifluoromethyl) phenyl)propyl) carbamate

534 1.93 min HPLC Example365 tert-butyl ((S)-1- (4-chlorophenyl)-3-oxo-3-(((R)-1-(5- (2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)amino)propyl) carbamate

500.1 1.94 min HPLC Example367 tert-butyl ((R)-1- (4-chlorophenyl)-3-oxo-3-(((R)-1-(5- (2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)amino)propyl) carbamate

500 1.62 min HPLC Example368 tert-butyl ((R)-3-oxo- 3-(((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2-yl)ethyl) amino)-1-(4- (trifluoromethyl)phenyl)propyl) carbamate

534.1 1.67 min HPLC Example369 tert-butyl ((S)-3-(4-fluoroethoxy)-1-oxo- 1-(((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl) amino)propan-2- yl)carbamate

465.8 1.82 min HPLC Example370 tert-butyl ((S)-3-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-oxo- 1-(((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl) amino)propan-2- yl)carbamate

.8 1.

min HPLC Example371 tert-butyl ((R)-3-(4- chlorophenyl)-1-oxo-1-(((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)amino)propan-2- yl)carbamate

501.9 1.69 min HPLC Example372 tert-butyl ((S)-1-oxo-1-(((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2-yl)ethyl) amino)-3-(4-(trifluoromethyl) phenyl)propan-2- yl)carbamate

534.1 1.93 min HPLC Example373 tert-butyl ((S)-3-(2-chlorophenyl)-1-oxo- 1-(((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl) amino)propan-2- yl)carbamate

501.8 1.89 min HPLC Example374 tert-butyl ((S)-3-(2-fluorophenyl)-1-oxo- 1-(((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl) amino)propan-2- yl)carbamate

465.8 1.82 min HPLC Example375 tert-butyl ((S)-3-(2-chlorophenyl)-1-oxo- 1-(((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl) amino)propan-2- yl)carbamate

500.1 1.9

min HPLC Example376 tert-butyl ((S)-1-oxo- 1-(((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2-yl)ethyl) amino)-3-(2- trifluoromethyl)phenyl)propan-2- yl)carbamate

535.8 1.93 min HPLC Example377 tert-butyl ((S)-1-oxo-1-(((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2-yl)ethyl) amino)-3-(3-(trifluoromethyl) phenyl)propan-2- yl)carbamate

534 1.93 min HPLC Example378 (R)-2-(2- chlorophenoxy)-N- (1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2-yl)ethyl) acetamide

387.1 1.81 min HPLC Example379 (R)-2-(3- chlorophenoxy)-N- (1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2-yl)ethyl) acetamide

367.1 1.79 min HPLC Example380 (R)-2-(3- chlorophenoxy)-N-methyl-N-(1-(5- (2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2-yl)ethyl) propanamide

418.1 1.85 min HPLC Example381 (R)-2-(2,3- dichlorophenoxy)-N-(1-(5-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2-yl)ethyl) acetamide

421 1.91 min HPLC Example382 (R)-2-(o-tolyloxy)-N- (1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2-yl)ethyl) acetamide

367.1 1.83 min HPLC Example383 (R)-2-(m-tolyloxy)- N-(1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2-yl)ethyl) acetamide

367.1 1.97 min HPLC Example384 (R)-2-(2,4- dimethylphenoxy)-N-(1-(5-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2-yl)ethyl) acetamide

361.2 1.92 min HPLC Example385 (R)-2-(3,5- dimethylphenoxy)-N-(1-(5-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2-yl)ethyl) acetamide

361.2 1.87 min HPLC Example386 (R)-2-(2-chloro-6- methylphenoxy)-N-(1-(5-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2-yl)ethyl) acetamide

401.1 1.98 min HPLC Example387 (R)-2-(4- (tert-butyl)phenoxy)- N-(1-(5-methoxypyridin-2- yl)ethyl)acetamide

341.1 1.

8 min HPLC Example388 (R)-2-amino-N-(R)- 1-(5-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)- 3-(2- (trifluoromethyl) phenyl)propanamide

434.1 1.52 min HPLC Example389

 ((R)-1-oxo-1- (((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)amino)-3-(2- (trifluoromethyl) phenyl)propan-2-yl) carbamate

535.6 1.62 min HPLC Example390 ethyl ((R)-1-oxo-1- (((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2-yl)ethyl) amino)-3-(2- (trifluoromethyl)phenyl)propan-2-yl) carbamate

506 8.13 min HPLC Example391 N-((5-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)methyl)- 4-(trifluoroethoxy) benzamide

363.3 1.72 min HPLC Example392 N-((5-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)methyl)- 3-(trifluoroethoxy) benzamide

363.3 1.73 min HPLC Example393 4-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy)-N- ((5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2-yl)methyl) benzamide

407 1.65 min HPLC Example394 6-fluoro-1-methyl-N- ((5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2-yl)methyl)- 1H-indole-2- carboxamide

380.1 1.73 min HPLC Example395 N-((5-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)methyl)- 2-(4- (trifluoromethyl) phenoxy)acetamide

407.1 1.73 min HPLC Example396 4-(tert-butyl)-2- methoxy-N-((5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2-yl)methyl) benzamide

395.2 1.69 min HPLC Example397 4-(tert-butyl)-N-((5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2-yl)methyl) benzamide

385.2 1.62 min HPLC Example398 3-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy)-N- ((5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2-yl)methyl) benzamide

407.1 1.69 min HPLC Example399 (R)-N-(1-(5-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)- 2-(3- (trifluoromethoxy) phenoxy)acetamide

437.1 1.25 min HPLC Example400 (R)-N-(1-(5-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)- 2-(3- (trifluoromethyl) phenoxy)acetamide

421.1 1.91 min HPLC Example401 (R)-N-(1-(5-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)- 2-(2- (trifluoromethoxy) phenoxy)acetamide

437.1 1.97 min HPLC Example402 (R)-N-(1-(5- methoxypyridin-2-yl)ethyl)-2-(3- trifluoromethyl) phenoxy)acetamide

353.2 1.59 min HPLC Example403 (R)-N-(1-(5- methoxypyridin-2-yl)ethyl)-2-(2- (trifluoromethoxy) phenoxy)acetamide

383.1 1.75 min HPLC Example404 (R)-3-(4- chlorophenoxy)-N- (1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2-yl)ethyl) propanamide

401.1 1.74 min HPLC Example405 (R)-3-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy)-N-(1-(6-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2-yl)ethyl) benzamide

421.1 1.28 min HPLC Example406 (R)-2-(2-(tert-butyl) phenoxy)-N-(1-(5-methoxypyridin-2- yl)ethyl)acetamide

341.3 1.96 min HPLC Example407 (R)-N-(1-(5- methoxypyridin-2-yl)ethyl)-2-(2- (trifluoromethyl) phenoxy)acetamide

353.2 1.72 min HPLC Example408 (R)-N-(1-(5- methoxypyridin-2-yl)ethyl)-2-(3- (trifluoromethoxy) phenoxy)acetamide

369.3 1.73 min HPLC Example409 (R)-N-(1-(5- methoxypyridin-2-yl)ethyl)-2-(2- (trifluoromethyl) phenyl)thiazole-4- carboxamide

406.

1.90 min HPLC Example410 (R)-N-(1-(5- methoxypyridin-2-yl)ethyl)-5-phenyl

- 3-carboxamide

324.1 1.71 min HPLC Example411 (R)-N-(1-(5- methoxypyridin-2-yl)ethyl)-5-methyl- 2-phenyl-2H-1,2,3- triazole-4- carboxamide

338.1 1.8

min HPLC Example412 (R)-N-(1-(5- methoxypyridin-2- yl)ethyl)-5-(trifluoromethoxy)- 1H-indole-2- carboxamide

378.1 1.73 min HPLC Example413 (R)-N-(1-(5- methoxypyridin-2-yl)ethyl)-1-methyl- 5-(trifluoroethoxy)- 1H-indole-2- carboxamide

392.1 1.85 min HPLC Example414 (R)-N-(tert-butyl)-N- (1-(5-2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy) pyrazin-2- yl)ethyl)nicotinamide

381.1 1.79 min HPLC Example415 (R)-2-(4- ethoxyphenoxy)-N- (1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy) pyrazin-2- yl)ethyl)acetamide

385.1 1.63 min HPLC Example416 (R)-5-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy)-N-(1-(5-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy) pyrazin-2-yl)ethyl)

amide

423.1 1.84 min HPLC Example417 (R)-N-(t-(5-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy)pyrazin-2-yl)ethyl)- 2-(4-(trifluoromethyl) phenoxy)acetamide

422.1 1.85 min HPLC Example418 (R)-N-(t-(5-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy)pyrazin-2-yl)ethyl)- 3-(trifluoromethoxy) benzamide

408 1.87 min HPLC Example419 (R)-4-fluoro-3- phenoxy-N-(1-(5- (2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2-yl)ethyl) benzamide

433.1 1.87 min HPLC Example420 (R)-3-(4-

phenoxy)- N-(1-(5-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2-yl)ethyl) benzamide

433.1 1.87 min HPLC Example421 4-(tert-butyl)-N-((5-methoxypyridin-3-yl) methyl)benzamide

397.3 1.74 min HPLC Example422 N-((5- methoxypyridin-3-yl) methyl)-2-(4-(trifluoromethyl) phenoxy)acetamide

339.1 1.64 min HPLC Example423 4-(tert-butyl)-N-((5-methoxypyridin-2-yl) methyl)benzamide

267.3 1.68 min HPLC Example424 (R)-8-fluoro-N,1- dimethyl-N-(1-(5-2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)- 1H-indole-2- carboxamide

Alternative route 409.9 1.89 min HPLC Example425 (1S*,2S*)-N-methyl-2-(quinolin-2-yl)-N- ((R)-1-(5-2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy)pyrazin-2-yl)ethyl) cyclopropanecar- boxamide

Alternative route 420.9 1.52 min HPLC Example426 (1R*,2R*)-N-methyl-2-(quinolin-2-yl)-N- ((R)-1-(5-2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy)pyrazin-2-yl)ethyl) cyclopropanecar- boxamide

Alternative route 450.9 1.91 min HPLC Example427 (S)-4-(tert-butyl)-N-(1-(5-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2-yl)ethyl) benzamide

372.2 1.90 min HPLC Example428 (S)-N-(1-(5-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)- 3-(trifluoromethoxy) benzamide

407.2 1.81 min HPLC Example429 (S)-N-(1-(5-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)- 4-(trifluoromethoxy) benzamide

407.2 1.80 min HPLC Example430 (S)-3-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy)-N-(1-(5-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2-yl) ethyl)benzamide

421.2 1.78 min HPLC Example431 (R)-N-(1-(5-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy)pyrazin-2-yl)ethyl)- 4-(trifluoroethoxy) benzamide

408.1 1.86 min HPLC Example432 (R)-4-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy)-N-(1-(5-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy) pyrazin-2-yl)ethyl) benzamide

422.3 1.79 min HPLC Example433 (R)-3-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy)-N-(1-(5-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy) pyrazin-2-yl)ethyl) benzamide

422.1 1.62 min HPLC Example434 4-(tert-butyl)-N- ((6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl) benzamide

335.3 1.68 min HPLC Example435 3-(trifluoroethoxy)- N-((5-(trifluoromethyl) pyridin-2-yl)methyl) benzamide

383.1 1.76 min HPLC Example436 4-(trifluoromethoxy)- N-((5-(trifluoromethyl) pyridin-2-yl)methyl) benzamide

363.2 1.75 min HPLC Example437 4-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy)-N-((5-(trifluoromethyl) pyridin-2-yl)methyl) acetamide

377.1 1.68 min HPLC Example438 3-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy)-N-((5-(trifluoromethyl) pyridin-2-yl)methyl) benzamide

377.2 1.71 min HPLC Example439 4-(tert-butyl)-N-((6- (piperidin-1-yl)pyridin-3-yl)methyl) benzamide

350.4 1.95 min HPLC Example440 N-((6-(piperidin-1- yl)pyridin-3-yl)methyl)-3- (trifluoromethoxy) benzamide

376.3 1.67 min HPLC Example441 N-((5-(piperidin-1- yl)pyridin-3-yl)methyl)-4-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy) benzamide

392.3 1.77 min HPLC Example442 4-(tert-butyl)-N-((5- (pyrrolidin-1-yl)pyridin-5-yl)methyl)

amide

326.4 1.81 min HPLC Example443 N-((6-(pyrrolidin-1- yl)pyridin-3-yl)methyl)-3- (trifluoromethoxy) benzamide

364.3 1.73 min HPLC Example444 N-((6-(pyrrolidin-1- yl)pyridin-3-yl)methyl)-4-(2,2,2- trifluoromethoxy) benzamide

378.3 1.64 min HPLC Example445 4-(tert-butyl)-N-((6- (trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl)methyl) benzamide

335.3 1.64 min HPLC Example446 3-(trifluoromethoxy)-N-((6-(trifluoromethyl) pyridin-3-yl)methyl) benzamide

353.2 1.75 min HPLC Example447 4-(tert-butyl)-N-((6- (pyrrolidin-1-yl)pyridin-2-yl)methyl) benzamide

335.3 2.05 min HPLC Example448 N-((6-(pyrrolidin-1- yl)pyridin-2-yl)methyl)-3- (trifluoromethoxy) benzamide

365.2 1.69 min HPLC Example449 N-((8-(pyrrolidin-1- yl)pyridin-2-yl)methyl)-4-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy) benzamide

376.8 1.84 min HPLC Example450 (R)-4-chloro-2- methoxy-N-(1-(6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2-yl)ethyl) benzamido

387.2 1.82 min HPLC Example451 (R)-4-(2- cyanopropan-2-yl)-N-(1-(5-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2-yl)ethyl) benzamide

389.3 1.67 min HPLC Example452 (R)-2-chloro-4- methoxy-N-(1-(5- (2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2-yl)ethyl) benzamide

387.2 1.70 min HPLC Example453 (R)-6-methoxy-1- methyl-N-(1-(5- (2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)- 1H-indole-2- carboxamide

406.3 1.77 min HPLC Example454 (R)-N-(1-(6-methyl- 3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)- 2-(trifluoromethoxy) benzamide

421.2 1.95 min HPLC Example455 (R)-N-(1-(6-methyl- 3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)- 4-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy)acetamide

435.2 1.88 min HPLC Example456 (S)-2-(3- chlorophenoxy)- N-(1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2-yl)ethyl) acetamide

387.2 1.79 min HPLC Example457 2-(2-chlorophenoxy)- N-((5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2-yl)methyl) acetamide

373.2 1.69 min HPLC Example458 (R)-2-(3- chlorophenoxy)-N- (1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy) pyrazin-2-yl)ethyl) acetamide

3

.2 1.64 min HPLC Example459 (R)-4-ethyl-N-(1-(5- (2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl) benzamide

351 1.75 min HPLC Example460 (R)-3-fluoro-4- methyl-N-(1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2-yl)ethyl) benzamide

357.2 1.71 min HPLC Example461 (R)-5-chloro-2- methoxy-N-(1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2-yl)ethyl) benzamide

387.2 1.61 min HPLC Example462 (R)-3-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy)-N-(1-(5-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy) pyridin-2-yl)ethyl) nicotinamide

423.9 1.74 min HPLC Example463 (R)-N-(1-(5-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy)pyrazin-2-yl)ethyl) quinozaline-2- carboxamide

376.1 1.78 min HPLC Example464 (R)-N-(3-(S-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy)pyrazin-2-yl)ethyl)- 5- (trifluoromethyl)

amide

393.1 1.86 min HPLC

indicates data missing or illegible when filed

TABLE 4 spectra data Example spectra data Example 133 ¹H-NMR (300 MHz,DMSO-d₆) δ 10.85 (1H, s), 8.57 (1H, d, J = 8.0 Hz), 8.36 (1H, d, J = 2.9Hz), 7.55 (1H, dd, J = 8.8, 2.9 Hz), 7.47 (1H, d, J = 7.3 Hz), 7.37 (1H,d, J = 8.8 Hz), 7.34 (7.3 Hz), 7.15-6.95 (3H, m), 5.04 (1H, m), 4.88(2H, q, J = 8.8 Hz), 2.23 (1H, m), 1.97 (1H, m), 1.39 (3H, d, J = 8.6Hz), 1.31 (1H, m), 1.16 (1H, m) Example 134 ¹H-NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ10.86 (1H, s), 8.57 (1H, d, J = 8.1 Hz), 8.36 (1H, s), 7.53 (2H, d, J =7.4 Hz), 7.35 (2H, d, J = 8.1 Hz), 7.15-6.95 (3H, m), 5.04 (1H, m), 4.88(2H, q, J = 8.8 Hz), 2.31 (1H, m), 1.99 (1H, m), 1.39 (3H, d, J = 6.6Hz), 1.25 (1H, m), 1.18 (1H, m) Example 203 ¹H-NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ8.28 (1H, brs), 8.26 (1H, s), 7.53 (1H, d, J = 8.1 Hz), 7.23-7.13 (4H,m), 6.99 (1H, d, J = 7.3 Hz), 6.82 (1H, dd, J = 8.0, 1.5 Hz) 6.50 (1H,t, J = 2.9 Hz), 5.20 (1H, m), 4.36 (2H, q, J = 8.0 Hz), 2.60 (1H, m),1.77-1.60 (2H, m), 1.49 (3H, d, J = 6.6 Hz), 1.31 (1H, m) Example 204¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.30 (1H, t, J = 1.4 Hz), 8.20 (1H, brs), 7.56(1H, d, J = 8.0 Hz), 7.25 (2H, d, J = 2.2 Hz), 7.19 (2H, t, J = 2.2 Hz),6.94 (1H, d, J = 8.1 Hz), 6.87 (1H, dd, J = 8.0, 1.5 Hz), 6.53 (1H, t, J= 2.2 Hz), 5.20 (1H, m), 4.38 (2H, q, J = 7.3 Hz), 2.64 (1H, m), 1.74(1H, m), 1.63 (1H, m), 1.47 (3H, d, J = 7.3 Hz), 1.27 (1H, m). Example215 ¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.27 (1H, s), 8.05 (1H, s), 8.03 (1H, d, J= 8.6 Hz), 7.78 (1H, d, J = 6.6 Hz), 7.69 (1H, d, J = 7.9 Hz), 7.44-7.34(2H, m) 6.82 (1H, brd, J = 7.3 Hz), 5.29 (1H, m), 4.75 (2H, q, J = 7.9Hz), 2.75 (1H, m), 2.39 (1H, m), 1.84-1.70 (2H, m), 1.52 (3H, d, J = 6.6Hz), Example 222 ¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.30 (1H, s), 8.10 (1H, s),8.04 (1H, d, J = 8.0 Hz), 7.92 (1H, d, J = 8.0 Hz), 7.76 (1H, d, J = 8.0Hz), 7.66 (1H, t, J = 8.0 Hz), 7.46 (1H, t, J = 8.0 Hz), 7.38 (1H, d, J= 6.0 Hz), 6.59 (1H, d, J = 7.3 Hz), 5.27 (1H, quintet, J = 7.3 Hz),4.81-4.72 (2H, m), 2.82-2.74 (1H, m), 2.37-2.30 (1H, m), 1.68-1.60 (2H,m), 1.47 (3H, d, J = 7.3 Hz). Example 223 ¹H-NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ11.0 (1H, s), 8.68 (1H, d, J = 7.7 Hz), 8.11 (1H, d, J = 2.2 Hz), 7.73(1H, dd, J = 8.4, 2.2 Hz), 7.36 (1H, d, J = 7.3 Hz), 7.23 (1H, d, J =7.7 Hz), 7.00-6.88 (3H, m), 6.12 (1H, s), 5.00-4.91 (3H, m), 2.34 (1H,m), 1.93 (1H, m), 1.37-1.27 (2H, m), 1.35 (3H, d, J = 7.0 Hz). Example224 ¹H-NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 11.0 (1H, s), 8.65 (1H, d, J = 8.1 Hz),8.11 (1H, d, J = 2.2 Hz), 7.74 (1H, dd, J = 8.4, 2.2 Hz), 7.35 (1H, d, J= 7.7 Hz), 7.21 (1H, d, J = 7.7 Hz), 6.99-6.86 (3H, m), 6.09 (1H, s),4.99-4.90 (3H, m), 2.28 (1H, m), 1.93 (1H, m), 1.74 (1H, m), 1.36 (3H,d, J = 7.3 Hz), 1.31 (1H, m). Example 225 ¹H-NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ11.0 (1H, s), 8.73 (1H, d, J = 7.3 Hz), 8.43 (1H, d, J = 1.1 Hz), 8.18(1H, d, J = 1.1 Hz), 7.36 (1H, d, J = 7.7 Hz), 7.23 (1H, d, J = 7.7 Hz),7.00-6.88 (2H, m), 6.12 (1H, s), 5.06-4.97 (3H, m), 2.34 (1H, m), 2.01(1H, m), 1.39 (3H, d, J = 7.0 Hz), 1.30-1.26 (2H, m). Example 226 ¹H-NMR(300 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 11.0 (1H, s), 8.72 (1H, d, J = 7.7 Hz), 8.42 (1H,d, J = 1.1 Hz), 8.20 (1H, d, J = 1.1 Hz), 7.35 (1H, d, J = 7.7 Hz), 7.21(1H, d, J = 8.1 Hz), 6.99-6.87 (2H, m), 6.09 (1H, s), 5.06-4.97 (3H, m),2.29 (1H, m), 2.01 (1H, m), 1.39 (3H, d, J = 7.0 Hz), 1.37-1.29 (2H, m).Example 227 ¹H-NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 8.60 (1H, d, J = 7.7 Hz), 8.31(1H, d, J = 2.9 Hz), 7.94 (1H, s), 7.62 (1H, d, J = 8.4 Hz), 7.49 (1H,dd, J = 8.4, 2.9 Hz), 7.40 (1H, s), 7.30 (1H, d, J = 8.8 Hz), 6.87 (1H,d, J = 8.4 Hz), 4.97 (1H, quintet, J = 7.3 Hz), 4.83 (2H, q, J = 8.8Hz), 3.98 (3H, s), 2.39 (1H, m), 2.07 (1H, m), 1.33 (3H, d, J = 7.3 Hz),1.35-1.28 (2H, m) Example 237 ¹H-NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 8.55 (1H, d, J= 7.7 Hz), 8.30 (1H, d, J = 2.9 Hz), 7.48 (1H, dd, J = 8.8, 2.9 Hz),7.42-7.27 (6H, m), 7.02 (2H, d, J = 8.8 Hz), 6.89 (2H, d, J = 8.4 Hz),5.05 (2H, s), 4.95 (1H, quintet, J = 7.3 Hz), 4.83 (2H, q, J = 8.8 Hz),2.17 (1H, m), 1.88 (1H, m), 1.32 (3H, d, J = 7.3 Hz), 1.21 (1H, m), 1.08(1H, m). Example 238 ¹H-NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 8.54 (1H, d, J = 8.1Hz), 8.28 (1H, d, J = 2.9 Hz), 7.47 (1H, dd, J = 8.8, 2.9 Hz), 7.41-7.26(6H, m), 6.99 (2H, d, J = 8.8 Hz), 6.88 (2H, d, J = 8.4 Hz), 5.04 (2H,s), 4.95 (1H, quintet, J = 7.3 Hz), 4.81 (2H, q, J = 8.8 Hz), 2.11 (1H,m), 1.90 (1H, m), 1.33 (3H, d, J = 7.3 Hz), 1.27 (1H, m), 1.09 (1H, m).Example 240 ¹H-NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 8.57 (1H, d, J = 7.7 Hz), 8.30(1H, d, J = 2.9 Hz), 7.50-7.27 (7H, m), 7.16 (1H, t, J = 7.7 Hz),8.81-6.76 (2H, m), 6.68 (1H, d, J = 7.3 Hz), 5.06 (2H, s), 4.95 (1H,quintet, J = 7.0 Hz), 4.83 (2H, q, J = 8.8 Hz), 2.19 (1H, m), 1.88 (1H,m), 1.32 (3H, d, J = 7.0 Hz), 1.25 (1H, m), 1.15 (1H, m). Example 241¹H-NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 8.56 (1H, d, J = 8.1 Hz), 8.28 (1H, d, J =2.9 Hz), 7.49-7.27 (7H, m), 7.15 (1H, t, J = 7.7 Hz), 6.81-6.64 (3H, m),5.04 (2H, s), 4.96 (1H, quintet, J = 7.0 Hz), 4.81 (2H, q, J = 8.8 Hz),2.14 (1H, m), 2.01 (1H, m), 1.33 (3H, d, J = 7.0 Hz), 1.32 (1H, m), 1.16(1H, m). Example 246 ¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.29 (1H, s), 7.31-7.21(2H, m), 7.13 (1H, dd, J = 8.8, 2.9 Hz), 7.08-6.85 (3H, m), 5.19 (1H,m), 4.40 (2H, q, J = 8.1 Hz), 2.65 (1H, m), 1.63-1.61 (2H, m), 1.48 (3H,d, J = 6.6 Hz), 1.21 (1H, m) Example 247 ¹H-NMR (300 Mhz, CDCl₃) δ 8.30(1H, s), 7.26 (2H, m), 7.08 (1H, dd, J = 7.1, 2.2 Hz), 7.00 (1H, m),6.96-6.83 (2H, m), 5.19 (1H, m), 4.40 (2H, q, J = 7.3 Hz), 2.58 (1H, m),1.65 (1H, m), 1.54 (1H, m), 1.47 (3H, d, J = 6.6 Hz), 1.23 (1H, m)Example 248 ¹H-NMR (300 Mhz, CDCl₃) δ 8.29 (1H, s), 7.24 (2H, d, J = 2.2Hz), 6.90 (2H, t, J = 8.1 Hz), 6.63-6.57 (2H, m), 5.17 (1H, m), 4.39(2H, q, J = 8.0 Hz), 3.78 (3H, s), 2.55 (1H, m), 1.67 (1H, m), 1.53 (1H,m), 1.47 (3H, d, J = 6.6 Hz), 1.19 (1H, m) Example 249 ¹H-NMR (300 MHz,CDCl₃) δ 8.28 (1H, s), 7.24 (2H, d, J = 1.5 Hz), 6.95-6.80 (2H, m)6.84-6.51 (2H, m), 5.17 (1H, m), 4.39 (2H, d, J = 8.0 Hz), 3.76 (3H, s),2.50 (1H, m), 1.67 (1H, m), 1.58 (1H, m), 1.46 (3H, d, J = 6.6 Hz), 1.23(1, m) Example 250 ¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.30 (1H, s), 7.25 (2H, d,J = 6.6 Hz), 6.94 (1H, brd, J = 7.3 Hz), 6.65-6.55 (2H, m), 5.18 (1H,m), 4.40 (2H, q, J = 8.0 Hz), 2.39 (1H, m), 1.93 (1H, m), 1.55 (1H, m),1.48 (3H, d, J = 6.6 Hz), 1.32 (1H, m) Example 251 ¹H-NMR (300 MHz,CDCl₃) δ 8.29 (1H, s), 7.25 (2H, m), 7.18 (1H, t, J = 7.3 Hz), 7.02 (1H,d, J = 7.3 Hz), 6.96-6.85 (3H, m), 5.16 (1H, m), 4.39 (2H, q, J = 8.0Hz), 2.45 (1H, m), 2.33 (3H, s), 1.68 (1H, m), 1.58 (1H, m), 1.45 (3H,d, J = 6.6 Hz), 1.21 (1H, m) Example 252 ¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.26(1H, s), 7.26-7.29 (2H, m), 7.15 (1H, t, J = 7.3 Hz), 6.99 (1H, d, J =7.4 Hz), 6.94-6.84 (3H, m), 5.16 (1H, m), 4.38 (2H, q, J = 8.1 Hz), 2.41(1H, m), 2.30 (3H, s), 1.71-1.59 (2H, m), 1.46 (3H, d, J = 6.6 Hz), 1.26(1H, m) Example 253 ¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.28 (1H, d, J = 1.5 Hz),7.28-7.20 (2H, m), 6.99 (1H, brd, J = 8.4 Hz), 6.70-6.55 (3H, m), 5.15(1H, m), 4.40 (2H, q, J = 8.1 Hz), 2.49 (1H, m), 1.70 (1H, m), 1.62 (1H,m), 1.46 (3H, d, J = 6.6 Hz), 1.18 (1H, m) Example 254 ¹H-NMR (300 MHz,CDCl₃) δ 8.27 (1H, d, J = 1.5 Hz), 7.26-7.20 (2H, m), 9.96 (1H, brd, J =7.3 Hz), 6.67-6.53 (3H, m), 5.15 (1H, m), 4.39 (2H, q, J = 8.1 Hz), 2.44(1H, m), 1.74-1.62 (2H, m), 1.46 (3H, d, J = 6.6 Hz), 1.22 (1H, m)Example 260 ¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.29 (1H, s), 7.57-7.50 (2H, m),7.30-7.20 (4H, m), 5.16 (1H, quintet, J = 6.6 Hz), 4.39 (2H, q, J = 8.1Hz), 2.75-2.68 (1H, m), 2.45-2.37 (1H, m), 1.75-1.65 (2H, m), 1.44 (3H,d, J = 6.6 Hz), (signals due to two NH were not observed) Example 261¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.33 (1H, s), 7.41 (2H, s), 7.31-7.25 (2H, m),7.19-7.13 (2H, m), 7.05 (1H, m), 5.29 (1H, m), 3.97 (2H, d, J = 6.6 Hz),2.79 (1H, m), 1.72 (1H, m), 1.61 (3H, d, J = 6.6 Hz), 1.42 (1H, m), 1.33(1H, m), 0.81 (2H, m), 0.51 (2H, m) Example 262 ¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃)δ 8.37 (1H, s), 7.32 (2H, d, J = 2.2 Hz), 7.22 (1H, dd, J = 8.8, 2.9Hz), 7.17-7.10 (2H, m), 7.03 (1H, m), 5.30 (1H, m), 3.98 (2H, d, J = 6.6Hz), 2.73 (1H, m), 1.77 (1H, m), 1.60 (3H, d, J = 6.6 Hz), 1.50-1.30(2H, m), 0.82 (2H, m), 0.52 (2H, m) Example 263 ¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃)δ 8.37 (1H, s), 7.30 (2H, s), 7.10-7.00 (2H, m), 6.80-8.70 (2H, m), 5.27(1H, m), 3.97 (2H, d, J = 6.6 Hz), 3.92 (3H, s), 2.69 (1H, m), 1.81 (1H,m), 1.65 (1H, m), 1.60 (3H, d, J = 6.6 Hz), 1.42 (1H, m), 1.32 (1H, m),0.81 (2H, m), 0.51 (1H, m) Example 264 ¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.37(1H, s), 7.30 (2H, s), 7.10-6.98 (2H, m), 6.75-6.65 (2H, m), 5.28 (1H,m), 3.97 (2H, d, J = 7.3 Hz), 3.90 (3H, s), 2.65 (1H, m), 1.82 (1H, m),1.75 (1H, m), 1.59 (3H, d, J = 6.6 Hz), 1.45-1.30 (2H, m), 0.82 (2H, m),0.51 (2H, m) Example 265 ¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.38 (1H, s), 7.31(2H, d, J = 1.5 Hz), 7.16 (1H, brd, J = 7.3 Hz), 6.80-6.65 (2H, m), 5.28(1H, m), 3.98 (2H, d, J = 7.4 Hz), 2.50 (1H, m), 2.10 (1H, m), 1.77-1.60(2H, m), 1.60 (3H, d, J = 7.3 Hz), 1.53 (1H, m), 1.42 (1H, m), 0.81 (2H,m), 0.52 (2H, m) Example 266 ¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.38 (1H, s),7.31 (1H, d, J = 1.5 Hz), 7.15 (1H, brd, J = 7.3 Hz), 6.80-6.70 (2H, m),5.28 (1H, m), 3.98 (2H, d, J = 7.3 Hz), 2.53 (1H, m), 2.07 (1H, m), 1.68(1H, m), 1.61 (3H, d, J = 6.6 Hz), 1.50-1.40 (2H, m), 0.80 (2H, m), 0.51(2H, m) Example 267 ¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.37 (1H, s), 7.35-7.28(3H, m), 7.15 (1H, d, J = 8.0 Hz), 7.10-7.00 (2H, m), 5.26 (1H, m), 3.97(2H, d, J = 7.3 Hz), 2.61 (1H, m), 2.47 (3H, s), 1.83 (1H, m), 1.73 (1H,m), 1.58 (3H, d, J = 6.6 Hz), 1.42 (1H, m), 1.33 (1H, m), 0.82 (2H, m),0.51 (2H, m) Example 268 ¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.33 (1H, s), 8.12(1H, d, J = 1.5 Hz), 7.18 (1H, dd, J = 8.1, 2.2 Hz), 7.05 (1H, dd, J =8.8, 5.9 Hz), 6.94 (1H, m), 8.57 (1H, brd, J = 8.1 Hz), 5.31 (1H, m),4.79 (2H, q, J = 8.1 Hz), 2.65 (1H, m), 1.65-1.49 (2H, m), 1.53 (3H, d,J = 6.6 Hz), 1.23 (1H, m) Example 269 ¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.33(1H, s), 8.14 (1H, s), 7.11 (1H, dd, J = 8.1, 2.2 Hz), 7.03 (1H, dd, J =8.1, 6.6 Hz), 6.90 (1H, m), 6.57 (1H, brd, J = 8.0 Hz), 5.30 (1H, m),4.85-4.70 (2H, m), 2.57 (1H, m), 1.68 (1H, m), 1.52 (3H, d, J = 7.3 Hz),1.52 (1H, m), 1.27 (1H, m) Example 270 ¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.33(1H, s), 8.12 (1H, s), 6.93 (1H, t, J = 8.0 Hz), 6.66-6.60 (2H, m), 6.51(1H, brd, J = 8.1 Hz), 5.29 (1H, m), 4.79 (2H, q, J = 8.8 Hz), 3.81 (3H,s), 2.57 (1H, m), 1.67 (1H, m), 1.54 (1H, m), 1.52 (3H, d, J = 6.6 Hz),1.23 (1H, m) Example 271 ¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CDl₃) δ 8.34 (1H, s), 8.12(1H, s), 6.70-6.55 (3H, m), 5.29 (1H, m), 4.83-4.73 (2H, m), 2.42 (1H,m), 1.89 (1H, m), 1.58 (1H, m), 1.54 (3H, d, J = 6.6 Hz), 1.35 (1H, m)Example 272 ¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.34 (1H, s), 8.12 (1H, s),6.67-6.55 (3H, m), 5.29 (1H, m), 4.83-4.73 (2H, m), 2.35 (1H, m), 1.90(1H, m), 1.61 (1H, m), 1.53 (3H, d, J = 7.3 Hz), 1.40 (1H, m) Example273 ¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.33 (1H, s), 8.11 (1H, d, J = 1.5 Hz),7.21 (1H, t, J = 7.4 (1H, m), 7.04 (1H, d, J = 7.3 Hz), 6.94 (1H, s),6.92 (1H, d, J = 8.8 Hz), 6.50 (1H, brd, J = 8.1 Hz), 5.28 (1H, m), 4.79(2H, q, J = 7.3 Hz), 2.50 (1H, m), 2.36 (3H, s), 1.70-1.55 (2H, m), 1.50(3H, d, J = 7.3 Hz) 1.23 (1H, m) Example 274 ¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ8.30 (1H, s), 8.10 (1H, s), 7.17 (1H, t, J = 7.3 Hz), 7.02 (1H, d, J =8.0 Hz), 6.89 (1H, s), 6.88 (1H, d, J = 7.3 Hz), 6.52 (1H, brd, J = 8.0Hz), 5.28 (1H, m), 4.83-4.70 (2H, m), 2.43 (1H, m), 2.33 (3H, s),1.69-1.55 (2H, m), 1.51 (3H, d, J = 6.6 Hz), 1.29 (1H, m) Example 275¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 9.58 (1H, brs), 8.29 (1H, s), 7.54 (1H, d, J =8.0 Hz), 7.29-7.26 (3H, m), 7.04 (1H, t, J = 8.0 Hz), 6.89 (1H, d, J =6.6 Hz), 6.71 (1H, d, J = 8.0 Hz), 6.59 (1H, s), 5.19 (1H, m), 4.38 (2H,q, J = 8.0 Hz), 2.53 (1H, m), 1.75-1.65 (2H, m), 1.49 (3H, d, J = 6.6Hz), 1.42 (1H, m). Example 276 ¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.75 (1H, brs),8.29 (1H, s), 7.53 (1H, d, J = 8.1 Hz), 7.30-7.20 (3H, m), 7.07-7.90(2H, m), 6.85 (1H, d, J = 7.3 Hz), 6.58 (1H, s), 5.18 (1H, m), 4.39 (2H,q, J = 8.1 Hz), 2.72 (1H, m), 1.78 (1H, m), 1.58 (1H, m), 1.49 (3H, d, J= 6.6 Hz), 1.35 (1H, m) Example 277 ¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.28 (1H,s), 1.25 (1H, brs), 7.29-7.23 (4H, m), 7.13 (1H, t, J = 8.0 Hz), 6.89(1H, d, J = 7.3 Hz), 6.77-6.72 (2H, m), 5.21 (1H, m), 4.39 (2H, q, J =7.3 Hz), 2.85 (1H, m), 1.83 (1H, m), 1.66 (1H, m), 1.48 (3H, d, J = 6.6Hz), 1.38 (1H, m) Example 278 ¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.28 (1H, d, J =1.4 Hz), 8.22 (1H, brs), 8.10 (1H, d, J = 1.5 Hz), 7.25 (1H, m), 7.20(1H, m), 7.10 (1H, t, J = 7.4 Hz), 6.71 (1H, d, J = 7.3 Hz), 6.60 (1H,d, J = 2.9 Hz), 6.51 (1H, brd, J = 8.1 Hz), 5.29 (1H, m), 4.81-4.70 (2H,m), 2.78 (1H, m), 1.79 (1H, m), 1.73 (1H, m), 1.50 (3H, d, J = 7.3 Hz),1.44 (1H, m) Example 279 ¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 6.30 (1H, d, J = 1.5Hz), 8.25 (1H, brs), 8.11 (1H, s), 7.29-7.25 (2H, m), 7.13 (1H, t, J =7.3 Hz), 6.75-6.70 (2H, m), 6.50 (1H, brd, J = 7.3 Hz), 5.30 (1H, m),4.80-4.70 (2H, m), 2.86 (1H, m), 1.77 (1H, m), 1.64 (1H, m), 1.50 (3H,d, J = 6.6 Hz), 1.39 (1H, m) Example 280 ¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.29(1H, s), 7.32-7.10 (7H, m), 6.88 (1H, brs), 5.15 (1H, m), 4.40 (2H, q, J= 8.0 Hz), 2.53 (1H, m), 1.70 (1H, m), 1.660 (1H, m), 1.46 (3H, d, J =6.6 Hz), 1.21 (1H, m) Example 281 ¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.26 (1H, d,J = 1.5 Hz), 7.29-7.14 (5H, m), 7.06 (2H, d, J = 6.6 Hz), 6.89 (1H, brd,J = 8.0 Hz), 5.16 (1H, m), 4.38 (2H, q, J = 6.0 Hz), 2.45 (1H, m),1.73-1.60 (2H, m), 1.46 (3H, d, J = 6.6 Hz), 1.25 (1H, m) Example 282¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.30 (1H, d, J = 1.5 Hz), 8.09 (1H, s),7.35-7.17 (3H, m), 7.10 (2H, d, J = 6.6 Hz), 6.48 (1H, brd, J = 7.3 Hz),5.27 (1H, m), 4.75 (2H, q, J = 7.3 Hz), 2.50 (1H, m), 1.67-1.54 (2H, m),1.47 (3H, d, J = 6.6 Hz), 1.21 (1H, m) Example 283 ¹H-NMR (300 MHz,CDCl₃) δ 8.27 (1H, d, J = 1.5 Hz), 8.07 (1H, d, J = 1.5 Hz), 7.26-2.14(3H, m), 7.05 (2H, d, J = 7.5 Hz), 6.50 (1H, brd, J = 7.3 Hz), 5.25 (1H,m), 4.81-4.68 (2H, m), 2.45 (1H, m), 1.67-1.62 (2H, m), 1.48 (3H, d, J =6.6 Hz), 1.26 (1H, m) Example 284 ¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.12 (1H, d,J = 2.2 Hz), 7.61 (1H, dd, J = 8.8, 2.9 Hz), 7.31-7.18 (3H, m), 7.08(2H, d, J = 6.6 Hz), 6.85 (1H, d, J = 8.1 Hz), 5.81 (1H, brd, J = 7.3Hz), 5.13 (1H, m), 4.75 (2H, q, J = 8.8 Hz), 2.49 (1H, m), 1.65-1.55(2H, m), 1.50 (2H, d, J = 6.6 Hz), 1.23 (1H, m) Example 285 ¹H-NMR (300MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.11 (1H, d, J = 2.2 Hz), 7.61 (1H, m), 7.29-7.06 (3H, m),7.05 (2H, d, J = 6.6 Hz), 6.83 (1H, d, J = 8.8 Hz), 5.80 (1H, brd, J =7.3 Hz), 5.13 (1H, m), 4.73 (2H, q, J = 8.8 Hz), 2.46 (1H, m), 1.67-1.55(2H, m), 1.51 (3H, d, J = 6.6 Hz), 1.25 (1H, m) Example 286 ¹H-NMR (300MHz, CDCl₃) δ 11.67 (1H, brs), 8.29 (1H, s), 8.11 (1H, s), 7.68-7.30(3H, m), 7.23-7.12 (2H, m), 5.20 (1H, m), 4.77 (2H, q, J = 8.8 Hz), 2.60(1H, m), 2.37 (1H, m), 1.66-1.56 (2H, m), 1.48 (3H, d, J = 6.6 Hz)Example 287 ¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 11.78 (1H, s), 8.13 (1H, s), 7.91(1H, m), 7.68 (1H, d, J = 8.8 Hz), 7.55 (1H, m), 7.40 (1H, m), 7.23-7.08(2H, m), 6.83 (1H, m), 5.08 (1H, m), 4.84-4.67 (2H, m), 2.60 (1H, m),2.37 (1H, m), 1.61 (2H, m), 1.46 (3H, d, J = 6.6 Hz) Example 288 ¹H-NMR(300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 11.66 (1H, brs), 8.10 (1H, d, J = 2.2 Hz), 7.71 (1H,d, J = 7.3 Hz), 7.64 (1H, dd, J = 8.0, 2.2 Hz), 7.47 (1H, m), 7.37 (1H,m), 7.21-7.11 (2H, m), 6.79 (1H, d, J = 8.1 Hz), 5.07 (1H, m), 4.74 (2H,q, J = 8.8 Hz), 2.56 (1H, m), 2.32 (1H, m), 1.70-1.60 (2H, m), 1.48 (3H,d, J = 6.6 Hz) Example 289 ¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.13 (1H, d, J =2.9 Hz), 7.61 (1H, dd, J = 2.2 & 8.8 Hz), 7.45-7.35 (1H, m), 7.20-7.13(1H, m), 6.97 (1H, dt, J = 2.2 & 8.8 Hz), 6.87 (1H, d, J = 8.8 Hz), 6.23(1H, d, J = 7.3 Hz), 5.10 (1H, quintet, J = 7.3 Hz), 4.76 (2H, q, J =8.8 Hz), 2.70-2.80 (1H, m), 2.36-2.29 (1H, m), 1.70-1.58 (2H, m), 1.50(3H, d, J = 7.3 Hz) (a signal due to NH was not observed) Example 290¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.97 (1H, d, J = 2.2 Hz), 7.46 (1H, dd, J =2.2 & 8.8 Hz), 7.40-7.34 (1H, m), 7.17-7.10 (1H, m), 6.94 (1H, dt, J =2.2 & 8.8 Hz), 6.70 (1H, d, J = 7.4 Hz), 6.62 (1H, d, J = 8.8 Hz), 5.05(1H, quintet, J = 7.3 Hz), 4.62 (2H, q, J = 7.3 Hz), 2.62-2.53 (1H, m),2.30-2.23 (1H, m), 1.77-1.69 (2H, m), 1.51 (3H, d, J = 7.3 Hz) (a signaldue to NH was not observed) Example 291 ¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.31(1H, d, J = 2.9 Hz), 7.90-7.80 (1H, m), 7.63-7.50 (1H, m), 7.50-7.44(2H, m), 7.32-7.24 (1H, m), 5.16 (1H, quintet, J = 7.3 Hz), 4.42 (2H, q,J = 8.1 Hz), 2.82-2.76 (1H, m), 2.52-2.45 (1H, m), 1.75-1.68 (2H, m),1.45 (3H, d, J = 7.3 Hz) (a signal due to NH was not observed) Example292 ¹H-NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 9.74 (1H, s), 8.60 (1H, d, J = 8.1 Hz),8.04 (1H, d, J = 2.9 Hz), 7.81 (2H, d, J = 8.4 Hz), 7.45 (2H, d, J = 8.1Hz), 7.19 (1H, d, J = 8.4 Hz), 7.10 (1H, dd, J = 8.4, 2.9 Hz), 5.11 (1H,quintet, J = 7.0 Hz), 1.43 (3H, d, J = 7.0 Hz), 1.28 (9H, s), LCMS(Method A) m/z: M + 1 obs 299.2, tR = 3.21 min. Example 307 ¹H-NMR (300MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.23 (1H, s), 7.16 (2H, d, J = 1.4 Hz), 6.96-7.84 (3H, m),6.74 (1H, d, J = 7.7 Hz), 5.12 (1H, m), 3.83 (2H, d, J = 7.3 Hz), 3.81(3H, s), 2.44 (1H, m), 2.20 (3H, s), 1.82 (1H, m), 1.53 (1H, m), 1.44(3H, d, J = 6.6 Hz), 1.28 (1H, m), 1.14 (1H, m), 0.67 (2H, m), 0.37 (2H,m) Example 308 ¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.21 (1H, s), 7.15 (2H, s),6.98-6.79 (3H, m), 6.71 (1H, d, J = 8.1 Hz), 5.12 (1H, m), 3.82 (2H, d,J = 7.3 Hz), 3.79 (3H, s), 2.38 (1H, m), 2.17 (3H, s), 1.66-1.53 (2H,m), 1.44 (3H, d, J = 6.6 Hz), 1.27 (1H, m), 1.19 (1H, m), 0.67 (2H, m),0.36 (2H, m) Example 309 ¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.30 (1H, s), 8.09(1H, s), 6.92 (1H, d, J = 7.9 Hz), 6.87 (1H, s), 6.74 (1H, d, J = 7.9Hz), 6.44 (1H, brd, J = 7.3 Hz), 5.25 (1H, m), 4.76 (2H, q, J = 8.8 Hz),3.81 (3H, s), 2.44 (1H, m), 2.20 (3H, s), 1.58-1.50 (2H, m), 1.47 (3H,d, J = 6.6 Hz), 1.16 (1H, m) Example 310 ¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.28(1H, s), 8.08 (1H, s), 6.87 (1H, d, J = 8.1 Hz), 6.82 (1H, s), 6.71 (1H,d, J = 8.1 Hz), 6.47 (1H, brd, J = 7.3 Hz), 5.26 (1H, m), 4.81-4.69 (2H,m), 3.79 (3H, s), 2.38 (1H, m), 2.17 (3H, s), 1.62-1.53 (2H, m), 1.48(3H, d, J = 6.6 Hz), 1.21 (1H, m) Example 316 ¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ8.79 (1H, brs), 8.24 (1H, s), 7.54 (1H, d, J = 8.0 Hz), 7.178 (2H, d, J= 1.4 Hz), 7.08-7.02 (2H, m), 6.85 (1H, d, J = 6.6 Hz), 6.58 (1H, m),5.14 (1H, m), 3.84 (2H, d, J = 7.4 Hz), 2.72 (1H, m), 1.79 (1H, m), 1.59(1H, m), 1.49 (3H, d, J = 6.6 Hz), 1.36 (1H, m), 1.28 (1H, m), 0.68 (2H,m), 0.37 (2H, m) Example 317 ¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 9.77 (1H, brs),8.24 (1H, s), 7.54 (1H, d, J = 8.0 Hz), 7.26 (1H, m), 7.21 (2H, d, J =1.4 Hz), 7.04 (1H, t, J = 7.3 Hz), 6.89 (1H, d, J = 6.6 Hz), 6.71 (1H,brd, J = 8.1 Hz), 6.59 (1H, m), 5.17 (1H, m), 3.82 (2H, d, J = 6.6 Hz),2.52 (1H, m), 1.73-1.62 (2H, m), 1.48 (3H, d, J = 6.6 Hz), 1.45 (1H, m),1.27 (1H, m), 0.66 (2H, m), 0.35 (2H, m) Example 318 ¹H-NMR (300 MHz,CDCl₃) δ 8.31 (1H, s), 8.08 (1H, s), 7.31-7.26 (2H,, m), 6.96 (1H, t, J= 7.4 Hz), 6.89 (2H, t, J = 8.3 Hz), 6.47 (1H, d, J = 7.3 Hz), 5.23 (1H,m), 4.75 (2H, q, J = 8.8 Hz), 4.04 (1H, dd, J = 10.3, 2.9 Hz), 3.84 (1H,dd, J = 10.3, 6.6 Hz), 1.89 (1H, m), 1.52 (1H, m), 1.49 (3H, d, J = 6.6Hz), 1.24 (1H, m), 0.89 (1H, m) Example 319 ¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ8.31 (1H, s), 8.08 (1H, s), 7.28-7.23 (2H, m), 6.94 (1H, t, J = 6.6 Hz),6.84 (2H, d, J = 8.8 Hz), 6.50 (1H, d, J = 7.4 Hz), 5.23 (1H, m), 4.77(2H, q, J = 8.0 Hz), 3.99 (1H, dd, J = 10.3, 5.9 Hz), 3.82 (1H, dd, J =10.3, 6.6 Hz), 1.84 (1H, m), 1.52 (1H, m), 1.48 (3H, d, J = 6.6 Hz),1.31 (1H, m), 0.93 (1H, m) Example 320 ¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.11(1H, d, J = 2.9 Hz), 7.61 (1H, dd, J = 8.8, 2.9 Hz), 7.31-7.26 (2H, m),6.96 (1H, t, J = 7.3 Hz), 6.90-6.82 (3H, m), 5.82 (1H, brd, J = 7.3 Hz),5.11 (1H, m), 4.75 (2H, q, J = 8.8 Hz), 4.08 (1H, dd, J = 10.3, 5.1Hz,), 3.79 (1H, dd, J = 10.3, 4.5 Hz), 1.88 (1H, m), 1.51 (3H, d, J =6.6 Hz), 1.45 (1H, m), 1.26 (1H, m), 0.89 (1H, m) Example 321 ¹H-NMR(300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.11 (1H, d, J = 2.2 Hz), 7.59 (1H, dd, J = 8.0, 1.9Hz), 7.29-7.24 (2H, m), 6.95 (1H, t, J = 7.3 Hz), 6.87-6.82 (3H, m),5.80 (1H, brd, J = 8.1 Hz), 5.11 (1H, m), 4.75 (2H, q, J = 8.8 Hz), 4.05(1H, dd, J = 10.2, 5.9 Hz), 3.61 (1H, dd, J = 10.2, 7.4 Hz), 1.84 (1H,m), 1.51 (3H, d, J = 6.6 Hz), 1.45 (1H, m), 1.30 (1H, m), 0.93 (1H, m)Example 322 ¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CDDCl₃) δ 8.99 (1H, brs), 8.32 (1H, s),8.14 (1H, s), 7.53 (1H, d, J = 8.1 Hz), 7.24 (1H, m), 7.04 (1H, t, J =7.3 Hz), 6.85 (1H, d, J = 7.3 Hz), 6.58 (1H, t, J = 2.2 Hz), 6.51 (1H,brd, J = 7.4 Hz), 5.29 (1H, m), 4.84-4.70 (2H, m), 2.55 (1H, m),1.71-1.61 (2H, m), 1.52 (3H, d, J = 6.6 Hz), 1.44 (1H, m) Example 323¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.71 (1H, brs), 8.31 (1H, s), 8.11 (1H, s),7.54 (1H, d, J = 7.3 Hz), 7.06 (1H, t, J = 10.3 Hz), 6.83 (1H, d, J =7.3 Hz), 6.64-6.55 (3H, m), 5.28 (1H, m), 4.77 (2H, q, J = 8.1 Hz), 2.73(1H, m), 1.75 (1H, m), 1.58 (1H, m), 1.52 (3H, d, J = 6.6 Hz), 1.37 (1H,m) Example 324 ¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.24 (1H, s), 8.00 (1H, d, J =8.0 Hz), 7.92 (1H, d, J = 8.8 Hz), 7.75 (1H, d, J = 8.1 Hz), 7.66 (1H,t, J = 7.3 Hz), 7.45 (1H, t, J = 7.3 Hz), 7.33 (1H, d, J = 8.0 Hz), 7.22(2H, d, J = 1.4 Hz), 6.96 (1H, brd, J = 7.3 Hz), 5.18 (1H, m), 4.36 (2H,q, J = 8.0 Hz), 2.73 (1H, m), 2.33 (1H, m), 1.70 (2H, t, J = 7.3 Hz),1.48 (3H, d, J = 6.5 Hz) Example 325 ¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.29 (1H,t, J = 2.2 Hz), 8.04 (1H, d, J = 8.0 Hz), 7.93 (1H, d, J = 8.8 Hz), 7.77(1H, d, J = 8.1 Hz), 7.66 (1H, m), 7.39 (1H, d, J = 8.1 Hz), 7.30-7.22(2H, m), 6.99 (1H, brd, J = 7.3 Hz), 5.18 (1H, m), 4.40 (2H, q, J = 8.0Hz), 2.78 (1H, m), 2.36 (1H, m), 1.65 (2H, t, J = 7.3 Hz), 1.46 (3H, d,6.6 Hz) Example 326 ¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.20 (1H, s), 7.19-7.11(3H, m), 6.99-6.85 (4H, m), 5.12 (1H, m), 3.82 (2H, d, J = 7.3 Hz), 2.43(1H, m), 2.30 (3H, s), 1.65 (1H, m), 1.49 (1H, m), 1.45 (3H, d, J = 6.6Hz), 1.40-1.20 (2H, m), 0.66 (2H, m), 0.35 (2H, m) Example 327 ¹H-NMR(300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.29 (1H, s), 7.26-7.21 (2H, m), 7.03-76.92 (2H, m),6.85 (1H, m), 6.66 (1H, m), 5.17 (1H, m), 4.40 (2H, q, J = 8.1 Hz), 2.64(1H, m), 1.75 (1H, m), 1.60 (1H, m), 1.47 (3H, d, J = 6.6 Hz), 1.22 (1H,m) Example 328 ¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.38 (1H, s), 7.26-7.21 (2H,m), 6.99-6.89 (2H, m), 6.82 (1H, m), 6.64 (1H, m), 5.17 (1H, m), 4.39(2H, q, J = 8.0 Hz), 2.58 (1H, m), 1.75 (1H, m), 1.65 (1H, m), 1.47 (3H,6.6 Hz), 1.26 (1H, m) Example 345 ¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.30 (1H,m), 7.48-7.17 (7H, m), 6.90 (1H, d, J = 7.3 Hz), 6.82 (1H, m), 6.74 (1H,s), 6.73 (1H, d, J = 7.3 Hz), 5.17 (1H, m), 5.07 (2H, s), 4.41 (2H, q, J= 8.0 Hz), 2.50 (1H, m), 1.70 (1H, m), 1.60 (1H, m), 1.46 (3H, d, J =6.6 Hz), 1.21 (1H, m) Example 346 ¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.28 (1H, d,J = 1.5 Hz), 7.45-7.15 (7H, m), 6.90 (1H, d, J = 7.3 Hz), 6.80 (1H, m),6.71 (1H, s), 6.69 (1H, d, J = 7.3 Hz), 5.17 (1H, m), 5.04 (2H, s), 4.40(2H, q, J = 8.1 Hz), 2.44 (1H, m), 1.72-1.60 (2H, m), 1.47 (3H, d, J =6.6 Hz), 1.26 (1H, m) Example 347 ¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.29 (1H,s), 7.45-7.22 (6H, m), 7.04 (2H, d, J = 8.8 Hz), 6.91 (2H, d, J = 8.8Hz), 6.87 (1H, m), 5.17 (1H, m), 5.07 (2H, s), 4.40 (2H, q, J = 8.1 Hz),2.48 (1H, m), 1.66-1.52 (2H, m), 1.46 (3H, d, J = 6.6 Hz), 1.17 (1H, m)Example 348 ¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.28 (1H, m), 7.47-7.21 (6H, m),7.01 (2H, d, J = 8.0 Hz), 6.89 (1H, m), 6.88 (2H, d, J = 8.0 Hz), 5.17(1H, m), 5.05 (2H, s), 4.40 (2H, q, J = 8.1 Hz), 2.44 (1H, m), 1.69-1.60(2H, m), 1.47 (3H, d, J = 6.6 Hz), 1.22 (1H, m) Example 349 ¹H-NMR (300MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.31 (1H, s), 7.28-7.25 (2H, m), 6.95-6.87 (2H, m),6.65-6.58 (2H, m), 5.18 (1H, m), 4.41 (2H, q, J = 8.1 Hz), 3.80 (3H, s),2.56 (1H, m), 1.69 (1H, m), 1.54 (1H, m), 1.48 (3H, d, J = 6.6 Hz), 1.20(1H, m) Example 350 ¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.29 (1H, m), 7.31-7.25(2H, m), 6.93-8.86 (2H, m), 6.63-6.54 (2H, m), 5.19 (1H, m), 4.41 (2H,q, J = 8.0 Hz), 3.77 (3H, s), 2.51 (1H, m), 1.69 (1H, m), 1.59 (1H, m),1.48 (3H, d, J = 6.6 Hz), 1.24 (1H, m) Example 351 ¹H-NMR (300 MHz,CDCl₃) δ 8.30 (1H, m), 7.29-7.26 (2H, m), 7.15 (1H, m), 7.03 (1H, m),7.00-6.88 (2H, m), 5.21 (1H, m), 4.41 (2H, q, J = 8.1 Hz), 2.66 (1H, m),1.65-1.53 (2H, m), 1.49 (3H, d, J = 6.6 Hz), 1.20 (1H, m) Example 352¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.30 (1H, m), 7.38-6.87 (6H, m), 5.20 (1H, m),4.41 (2H, q, J = 8.1 Hz), 2.59 (1H, m), 1.73-1.47 (2H, m), 1.46 (3H, d,J = 6.6 Hz), 1.26 (1H, m) Example 353 ¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.29(1H, m), 7.33-7.11 (7H, m), 6.90 (1H, d, J = 7.3 Hz), 5.18 (1H, m), 4.41(2H, q, J = 8.0 Hz), 2.53 (1H, m), 1.72 (1H, m), 1.60 (1H, m), 1.46 (3H,d, J = 6.6 Hz), 1.22 (1H, m) Example 354 ¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.27(1H, m), 7.29-7.06 (7H, m), 6.90 (1H, d, J = 7.3 Hz), 5.18 (1H, m), 4.39(2H, q, J = 8.0 Hz), 2.47 (1H, m), 1.73-1.61 (2H, m), 1.47 (3H, d, J =6.6 Hz), 1.27 (1H, m) Example 357 ¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.27 (1H, d,J = 2.2 Hz), 7.27-7.14 (3H, m), 6.89 (1H, brd, J = 7.3 Hz), 6.74-6.62(3H, m), 5.16 (1H, m), 4.39 (2H, q, J = 8.1 Hz), 3.78 (3H, s), 2.44 (1H,m), 1.72-1.59 (2H, m), 1.46 (3H, d, J = 7.3 Hz), 1.26 (1H, m)

Pharmacological Assays

In Vitro Human T-Type Ca²⁺ Channel Activity

T-type calcium channel activity of compounds was determined bymethodology well known in the art, including the “Ca²⁺ influx Assay” andthe “T-type Ca²⁺ Blocker Voltage-Clamp Assay”.

Ca²⁺ Assay

Inhibition of T-type calcium channel activity was determined bycell-based fluorescent Ca²⁺ influx assay, in which potassium ionophorewas added to decrease resting membrane potential and extra-cellularhigh-K⁺ stimulation was used to modulate the membrane potential of thecell. The changes in fluorescent signal were monitored by the cellimaging technology by Hamamatsu Photonics's Functional Drug ScreeningSystem (FDSS).

Cell Maintenance:

HEK 293 cells expressing the human T-type channel alpha-1H (CaV 3.2)were maintained in DMEM supplemented with 10% heat-inactivated FBS, 100units/ml Penicillin, 100 microg/ml Streptomycin, 150 microg/ml Zeocin,300 microg/ml Geneticin. The cells were grown in a 5% CO₂ humidifiedincubator at 37° C.

Assay Protocol:

Day One:

1. Cells were harvested and seeded in a poly-D-lysine coated black-sidedclear bottom 384-well plate at density of 10,000 cells/well at 24 hoursprior to assay.

2. Incubate at 37° C. in 5% CO₂.

Day Two:

1. Wash each well with assay buffer (see below) and leave 20 μl usingplate washer, ELx-405 Select CVV (BIO-TEK).

2. Add 20 μL of assay buffer containing 6 μM Fluo4-AM (Molecular Probes)and 0.005% Plutonic F-127 to each well.

3. Incubate the plate at 37° C. for 1 hour.

4. Wash each well assay buffer (see below) and leave 20 μl using platewasher, ELx-405 Select CW (BSO-TEK).

5. Add 10 μl of compound solution into each well by FDSS6000 and leavethe plate for 4.5 min, and then add 10 μl of potassium ionophoresolution.

6. Add 20 μl of high-K⁺ depolarizing solution (see below) and monitorthe change of fluorescent signal.

The IC₅₀ values for compounds of the present invention were determinedfrom 7-point dose-response studies. Curves were generated using theaverage of duplicate wells for each data point. Finally, the IC₅₀ valuesare calculated with the best-fit dose curve determined by XLfit.

TABLE 5 Assay buffer (pH 7.4, Adjusted by HCl) Regent Final conc. (mM)Volume (mL) NMDG (1.4M) 140 100 KCl (1.17M) 5 4.25 MgCl₂ (80 mM) 1 12.5Glucose (0.5M) 5 10 CaCl₂ (1M) 1 1 HEPES buffer (1M) 16 16 MQ water —856.25

TABLE 6 High-K⁺ depolarizing solution Regent Final conc. (mM) Volume(mL) KCl (1.17M) 90 83.3 MgSO₄ (1M) 0.5 0.5 KH₂PO₄ (1M) 1.2 1.2 Glucose(0.5M) 11.7 23.4 CaCl₂ (1M) 2 2 HEPES buffer (1M) 18.4 18.4 MQ water —871.2

Electrophysiology Assay for T-Type Ca²⁺

In a typical experiment ion channel function from HEK 293 cellsexpressing the human T-type channel alpha-1H (CaV 3.2) is recorded todetermine the activity of compounds in blocking the calcium currentmediated by the T-type channel. Cells expressing the T-type channelswere grown in growth media which comprised: DMEM, 10% heat-inactivatedFBS, 100units/ml Penicillin, 100 mg/ml Streptomycin, 150 mg/ml Zeocin,300 mg/ml Geneticin. T-type Ca channel expressing HEK293 cells weredissociated by 0.05% Trypsine-EDTA, and then seeded on cover glass for24 hr.

Glass pipettes are pulled to a tip diameter of 1-2 micrometer on apipette puller. The pipettes are filled with the intracellular solutionand a chloridized silver wire is inserted along its length, which isthen connected to the headstage of the voltage-clamp amplifier. Theextracellular recording solution consists of (mM): 150 mM NMDG, 2 mMCaCl₂, 10 mM HEPES, 10 mM Glucose, pH 7.4. The internal solutionconsists of (mM): 110 CsF, 10 EGTA, 10 HEPES, 3 ATP-Mg, 0.6 GTP pH 7.2;Upon insertion of the pipette tip into the bath, the series resistanceis noted (acceptable range is between 1-4 megaohm). The junctionpotential between the pipette and bath solutions is zeroed on theamplifier. The cell is then patched, the patch broken, and, aftercompensation for series resistance (>=80%), the voltage protocol isapplied while recording the whole cell Ca²⁺ current response. Voltageprotocols: (1) −80 mV holding potential every 30 seconds pulse to −20 mVfor 100 msec duration; the effectiveness of the drug in inhibiting thecurrent mediated by the channel is measured directly from measuring thereduction in peak current amplitude initiated by the voltage shift from−80 mV to −20 mV; (2), −140 mV holding potential every 30 seconds pulseto −20 mV for 100 msec duration; the effectiveness of the drug ininhibiting the current mediated by the channel is measured directly frommeasuring the reduction in peak current amplitude initiated by the shiftin potential from −140 mV to −20 mV. The difference in block at the twoholding potentials was used to determine the effect of drug at differinglevels of inactivation induced by the level of resting state potentialof the cells. After obtaining control baseline calcium currents,extracellular solutions containing increasing concentrations of a testcompound are washed on. Once steady state inhibition at a given compoundconcentration is reached, a higher concentration of compound is applied.% inhibition of the peak inward control Ca²⁺ current during thedepolarizing step to −20 mV is plotted as a function of compoundconcentration.

(3) The normalized steady-steady inactivation curve is constructed using5 sec (for vehicle) or 60 sec (for drugs) conditioning pulse todifferent potentials followed immediately by the test pulse to −20mV.Peak currents are plotted as fraction of the maximum current at theconditioning potentials ranging from −140 mV to −20 mV, V1/2 or k valuesare estimated front Boltzmann fits. The affinity of drugs to restingstate of T-type Ca channels (K_(resting) or Kr) is assessed by 30 msectest pulse from a negative holding potential of −140 mV, where virtuallyall channels are in the resting state. K_(r) value is calculated by aconventional 1:1 binding model:

K _(resting)(Kr)={[drug]Imax,drug/(Imax,control−Imax,drug)}

where K_(resting) (=K_(r)) is a dissociation constant for the restingstate and [drug] is compound concentration, I_(max),control andI_(max),drug are peak currents in the absence and presence of compound,respectively.

The affinity of drug to inactivated state of T-type Ca channels(K_(inact) or Ki) is estimated from the shift of the availability curveby compound. Interaction of the compound with the inactivated statechannel is evaluated as suggested by Bean et. al (1983 Journal ofgeneral pharmacology 81, 613-) by fitting experimental points of thecompound-induced steady-state inactivation mid-point potential shifts tothe equation:

K _(inact)(Ki)={[drug]/((1+[drug]/Kr)*exp(−ΔV/k)−1)}  [Math.1]

where K_(inact) (=K_(i)) is a dissociation constant for the inactivatedstate. ΔV is the compound-induced voltage shift of half maximal voltageof Boltzmann curve and k is the slope factor of compound.

All examples of the invention have an IC₅₀=<1 microM in the Ca²⁺ InfluxAssay or IC₅₀=<3 microM in Na_(v1.3) FRET Assays or Na_(v1.7) FRETAssays.

Especially, Example 3, Example 33, Example 57, Example 104, Example 106,Example 108, Example 110, Example 111, Example 124, Example 125, Example133, Example 134, Example 147, Example 167, Example 168, Example 169,Example 171, Example 172, Example 181, Example 182, Example 190, Example193, Example 194, Example 202, Example 203, Example 204, Example 205,Example 206, Example 207, Example 208, Example 210, Example 211, Example212, Example 213, Example 222, Example 223, Example 224, Example 225,Example 226, Example 227, Example 228, Example 229, Example 237, Example240, Example 243, Example 244, Example 245, Example 246, Example 248,Example 250, Example 251, Example 253, Example 258, Example 259, Example260, Example 261, Example 263, Example 266, Example 267, Example 268,Example 270, Example 271, Example 273, Example 275, Example 276, Example277, Example 279, Example 280, Example 282, Example 284, Example 286,Example 287, Example 289, Example 294, Example 296, Example 305, Example306, Example 307, Example 309, Example 310, Example 316, Example 317,Example 318, Example 320, Example 322, Example 323, Example 325, Example327, and Example 346 of the invention have an IC₅₀=<0.3 microM in theCa²⁺ Influx assay.

In Vitro Human Voltage Gated Sodium Channels Activity

Voltage gated sodium channels activity of compounds was determined bymethodology well known in the art.

The ability of the aryl substituted carboxamid derivatives of theformula (I) to inhibit the Na_(V1.3), Na_(v1.7) and Na_(v1.5) channelswas measured by FRET assay and electrophysiology assay described below.

FRET Assay for Navs

This screen, is used to determine the effects of compounds on humanNa_(V1.3)human Na_(v1.7), and human Na_(v1.5) channels, utilising thecell imaging technology by Hamamatsu Photonics's Functional DrugScreening System (FDSS). This experiment is based on FRET (FluorescenceResonance Energy Transfer) and uses two fluorescent molecules. The firstmolecule, Oxonol (DiSBAC2(3)), is a highly fluorescent, negativelycharged, hydrophobic ion that “senses” the trans-membrane electricalpotential. In response to changes in membrane potential, it ears rapidlyredistribute between two binding sites on opposite sides of the plasmamembrane. The voltage dependent redistribution is transduced into aratiometric fluorescent readout via a second fluorescent molecule(Coumarin (CC2-DMPE)) that binds specifically to one face of the plasmamembrane and functions as a FRET partner to the mobile voltage-sensingion. To enable the assay to work, the channels have to bepharmacologically held in the open state. This is achieved by treatingthe cells with veratridine.

Cell Maintenance:

Each HEK293 cells expressing human Na_(V1.3) channels and HEK293 cellsexpressing human Na_(V1.5) channels were grown in T225 flasks, in a 5%CO₂ humidified incubator to about 80% confluence. Media compositionconsisted of Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (high glucose), 10% fetalcalf serum (FCS), 100 units/ml Penicillin, 100 microg/ml Streptomycinand 500 microg/ml Geneticine.

CHO cells expressing human Na_(V1.7) channels were grown in T225 flasks,in a 5% CO₂ humidified incubator to about 80% confluence. Mediacomposition consisted of HAM/F12 with Glutamax I 10% fetal calf serum(FCS), 100 units/ml Penicillin and 100 microg/ml Hygromycin.

Protocol:

-   -   Seed each cell lines (1.5×10⁴ cells/well) into poly-D-lysine        coated 384-well plates prior to experimentation.    -   Incubate at 37° C. in 5% CO₂ for 24 hours.    -   Wash each well with buffer #1 (140 mM NaCl, 4.5 mM KCl, 10 mM        D-Glucose, 2 mM CaCl₂, 1 mM MgCl₂, 10 mM HEPES, pH 7.4 adjusted        with NaOH) twice using plate washer.

Add 1st loading solution containing 5 μM CC2-DMPE and 0.02% PluronicF-127 in buffer #1.

-   -   Incubate the plate at room temperature in dark for 0.5 hours.    -   Wash each well with buffer #2 (160 mM Choline, 10 mM D-Glucose,        0.1 mM CaCl₂, 1 mM MgGl₂, 10 mM HEPES, pH 7.4 adjusted with KOH)        twice using plate washer.    -   Add 2nd loading solution containing 15 μM DiSBAC2(3), 0.5 mM        VABSC-1, 10 μM veratridine and 0.004% Pluronic F-127 in buffer        #2.    -   Add compound solutions into the assay plate and leave the plate        for 30 minutes under the dark at room temperature.    -   Measure by FDSS.

The data was analyzed and reported as normalized ratios of intensitiesmeasured in the 465 nm and 575 nm channels. The process of calculatingthese ratios was performed as follows:

“F14658”=the mean of fluorescence intensity as baseline (before Na+ligand addition) at 465 nm.

“F1575B”=the mean of fluorescence intensity as baseline (before Na+ligand addition) at 575 nm

“FI1465Max”=maximum fluorescence intensity at 465 nm after Na+stimulation

“FI1575Min”=minimum fluorescence intensity at 575 nm after Na+stimulation

“FR”=fluorescence ratio=(FI465Max/FI575Min)-(FI465B/F1575B)

$\begin{matrix}{{{Inhibition}\mspace{14mu} (\%)} = {100 - {\frac{\begin{matrix}{\left( {{FR}\mspace{14mu} {of}\mspace{14mu} {each}\mspace{14mu} {well}} \right) -} \\\left( {{median}\mspace{14mu} {FR}\mspace{14mu} {in}\mspace{14mu} {positive}\mspace{14mu} {controls}} \right)\end{matrix}}{\begin{matrix}{\left( {{median}\mspace{14mu} {FR}\mspace{14mu} {in}\mspace{14mu} {negative}\mspace{14mu} {controls}} \right) -} \\\left( {{median}\mspace{14mu} {FR}\mspace{14mu} {in}\mspace{14mu} {negative}\mspace{14mu} {controls}} \right)\end{matrix}} \times 100}}} & \left\lbrack {{Math}.\mspace{14mu} 2} \right\rbrack\end{matrix}$

This analysis is performed using a computerized specific programdesigned for FDSS generated data. Fluorescence ratio values are plottedusing XLfit to determine an IC50 value for each compound.

Electrophysiology Assay for Navs

Whole cell patch clamp recording was used to assess the efficacy orselectivity of Na channel blocker on human Na_(v1.3) (hSCN3A) expressingHEK293 cells or human Na_(v1.7) (hSCN9A) expressing CHO cells. HumanNa_(v1.3) expressing HEK293 cells were grown in growth media whichcomprised: DMEM, 10% heat-inactivated FBS (Hyclone Laboratories Inc),100 microgram/ml Penicillin/100 U/ml Streptomycin, 150 microgram/mlZeocin, 3 microgram/ml Geneticin, Human Na_(v1.7) expressing CHO cellswere grown in growth media which comprised: HAM/F-12, 9%heat-inactivated FBS (Hyclone Laboratories Inc), 1.00 microgram/mlPenicillin/100 U/ml Streptomycin, 100 microgram/ml Hygromycin.

Na channel expressing cells were dissociated by 0.05% Trypsine-EDTA, andthen seeded on cover glass for 24-48hr.

Glass pipettes were pulled to a tip diameter of 1-2 micrometer on apipette puller. The pipettes were filled with the intracellular solutionand a chloridized silver wire was inserted along its length, which wasthen connected to the headstage of the voltage-clamp amplifier (AxonInstruments or HEKA electronik). The extracellular recording solutionconsists of (mM): 140 NaCl, 5 KCl, 2 CaCl₂, 1 MgCl₂, 10 HEPES, 10Glucose, pH 7.4 adjusted with NaOH. The internal solution consists of(mM): 120 CsF, 15 NaCl, 10 EGTA, 10 HEPES, pH 7.2 adjusted with CsOH;Upon insertion of the pipette tip into the bath, the pipette resistancewas noted (acceptable range is between 1-3 megaohm). The junctionpotential between the pipette and bath solutions was zeroed on theamplifier. After establishing the whole-cell configuration,approximately 10 minutes were allowed for the pipette solution toequilibrate within the cell before beginning recording. Currents werelowpass filtered between 2-5 kHz and digitally sampled at 10 kHz. Seriesresistance was compensated (>80%) and was monitored continuously.

The normalized steady-steady inactivation curve was constructed using 5sec (for vehicle) or 60 sec (for drugs) conditioning pulse to differentpotentials followed immediately by the test pulse to 0 mV. Peak currentswere plotted as fraction of the maximum current at the conditioningpotentials ranging from −120 mV to −40 mV. V1/2 or k values wereestimated from Boltzmann fits. The affinity of drugs to resting state ofNa channels (K_(resting) or Kr) was assessed by 30 msec test pulse froma negative holding potential of −120 mV, where virtually all channelsare in the resting state. K_(r) value was calculated by a conventional1:1 binding model:

K _(resting)(Kr)={[drug]Imax,drug/(Imax,control−Imax,drug)}

where K_(resting) (=K_(r)) is a dissociation constant for the testingstate and [drug] is compound concentration. I_(max),control andI_(max),drug are peak currents in the absence and presence of compound,respectively.

The affinity of drug to inactivated state of Na channels (K_(inact) orKi) was estimated from the shift of the availability curve by compound.Interaction of the compound with the channel on inactivated state wasevaluated by the following equation:

K _(inact)(Ki)={[drug]/((1+[drug]/Kr)*exp(−ΔV/k)−1)}  [Math.3]

where K_(inact) (=K_(i)) is a dissociation constant for the inactivatedstate. ΔV is the compound-induced voltage shift of half maximal voltageof Boltzmann curve and k is the slope factor on presence of compound.

The compounds of the examples were tested in the above-described assay.The results are as follows:

All examples of the invention have an IC₅₀=<1 microM in the Ca²⁺ InfluxAssay or IC₅₀=<3 microM in Na_(v1.3) FRET or Na_(v1.7) FRET Assays.

Especially, Example 1, Example 4, Example 5, Example 6, Example 9,Example 10, Example 11, Example 12, Example 13, Example 14, Example 15,Example 16, Example 18, Example 20, Example 21, Example 22, Example 23,Example 28, Example 29, Example 32, Example 36, Example 37, Example 41,Example 42, Example 44, Example 45, Example 48, Example 51, Example 52,Example 53, Example 54, Example 56, Example 59, Example 62, Example 63,Example 64, Example 65, Example 66, Example 67, Example 68, Example 69,Example 70, Example 74, Example 75, Example 76, Example 77, Example 78,Example 80, Example 82, Example 85, Example 86, Example 87, Example 88,Example 89, Example 90, Example 91, Example 92, Example 93, Example 94,Example 95, Example 99, Example 102, Example 103, Example 113, Example130, Example 131, Example 138, Example 143, Example 146, Example 150,Example 151, Example 152, Example 154, Example 156, Example 157, Example158, Example 161, Example 162, Example 175, Example 184, Example 192,Example 195, Example 196, Example 197, Example 201, Example 209, Example214, Example 220, Example 238, Example 241, Example 269, Example 274,Example 285, Example 308, Example 313, Example 314, Example 315, Example321, Example 324, Example 326, Example 328, Example 332, Example 333,Example 337, Example 338, Example 339, Example 341, Example 345, Example359, Example 377, Example 424, Example 3, Example 57, Example 104,Example 124, Example 125, Example 147, Example 169, Example 182, Example194, Example 202, Example 204, Example 205, Example 206, Example 208,Example 210, Example 211, Example 212, Example 213, Example 226, Example240, Example 246, Example 248, Example 251, Example 253, Example 261,Example 267, Example 268, Example 273, Example 279, Example 294, Example306, Example 307, Example 310, Example 316, Example 317, Example 318,Example 320, Example 322, Example 323, Example 325, Example 327, Example346, Example 329, Example 347, Example 355, Example 386, Example 396,Example 397, Example 399, Example 400, Example 413, Example 415, Example417, Example 419, Example 420, Example 427, Example 431, Example 432,Example 434, Example 439, Example 440, Example 441, Example 442, Example443, Example 444, Example 447, Example 448, Example 449, Example 454,Example 455, Example 456, and Example 458 of the invention have anIC₅₀=<1.0 microM in Na_(v1.3) FRET or Na_(v1.7) FRET Assays.

In Vivo Assay

Chronic Constriction Injury (CCI)-Induced Static Allodynia

Male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 210-240 g were purchased from CharlesRiver Japan (Kanagawa, Japan). Animals were housed in groups of twounder a 12-h light/dark cycle (lights on at 07:00) with access to foodand water ad libitum. The CCI was made according to the method ofBennett G J and Xie Y K (Pain 1988, 33:87-107). Animals wereanesthetized with intraperitoneal injection of sodium pentobarbital. Theleft common sciatic nerve was exposed at the level of the middle of thethigh and four ligatures were loosely tided around it by using 4-0 silkthread (Ethicon Inc, Brussels, Belgium) with approximately 1 mm apart.The incision was sutured, and the rats were allowed to recover. Shamoperation was performed in the same manner except of sciatic nerveligation. After 2 to 3 weeks, static allodynia was assessed using vonFrey hairs (VFHs; North Coast Medical Inc., San Jose, Calif.) asdescribed by Field M J et al. (Pain 1999, 83: 303-311). The animals wereplaced in. grid bottom cages and allowed to acclimate for at least 30min prior to the start of experiment. VFHs in ascending order of force(0.16, 0.4, 0.6, 1, 1.4, 2.4, 6, 8, 10, 15 and 26 g) were applied to theplantar surface of the hind paw. Each VFH was applied to the ipsilateralpaw for 6 seconds or until a withdrawal response occurred. Once awithdrawal response was happened, the paw was re-tested, starting withthe next descending VFH until no response was occurred. The lowestamount of force required to elicit a response was defined as pawwithdrawal threshold (PWT) in g. Animals with <2 g of PWTs were selectedfor evaluation and randomized to be nearly equal across all groups. Thecompounds of the invention or their vehicles were administeredsystemically. All tested compounds of the invention showed potentactivities in this model.

Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA)-Induced Thermal Hyperalgesia

Male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 200-250 g were purchased from CharlesRiver Japan (Kanagawa, Japan), Animals were housed under a 12-hlight/dark cycle (lights on at 07:00) with access to food and water adlibitum, CFA-Induced thermal hyperalgesia was assessed using the plantartest apparatus (Ugo Basile, Verse, Italy) as describe by Hargreaves K etal. (Pain 1988, 32: 77-88). Animals were placed in an apparatusconsisting of individual testing box on an elevated glass table andallowed to acclimate for at least 10 min. Following habituation, amobile radiant heat source was located under the table and heatstimulation was applied to the plantar surface of the right hind paw.The latency to remove its hind paw was defined as paw withdrawal latency(PWL) in sec. CFA was prepared at a concentration of 200 microg/100microl of Mycobacterium tuberculosis H-37 RA (Difco Laboratories Inc.)in liquid paraffin and injected into the plantar surface of the righthind paw. PWL was measured before and 2 days after CFA injection.Animals showing decrease of the PWL on day 2 were selected forevaluation and randomized to be nearly equal across all groups. Thecompounds of the invention or their vehicles were administeredsystemically. PWLs were measured at the appropriated time after compoundadministration.

Metabolic Stability Assay:

Half-Life In Human Liver Microsomes (HLM)

Test compounds (1 microM) were incubated with 3.3 mM MgCl₂ and 0.78mg/mL HLM (HL101) in 100 mM potassium phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) at 37°C. on the 96-deep well plate. The reaction mixture was split into twogroups, a non-P450 and a P450 group. NADPH was only added to thereaction mixture of the P450 group. (NADPH generation system was alsoused instead of NADPH.) An aliquot of samples of P450 group wascollected at 0, 10, 30, and 60 min time point, where 0 min time pointindicated the time when NADPH was added into the reaction mixture ofP450 group. An aliquot of samples of non-P450 group was collected at −10and 65 min time point. Collected aliquots were extracted withacetonitrile solution containing an internal standard. The precipitatedprotein was spun down in centrifuge (2000 rpm, 15 min). The compoundconcentration in supernatant was measured by LC/MS/MS system.

The half-life value was obtained by plotting the natural logarithm ofthe peak area ratio of compounds/internal standard versus time. Theslope of the line of best fit through the points yields the rate ofmetabolism (k). This was converted to a half-life value using followingequations: Half-life=In 2/k

Drug-Drug Interaction Assay

This method essentially involves determining the percent inhibition ofmetabolites formation from probes (Tacrine (Sigma A3773-IG) 2 microM,Dextromethorphan (Sigma D-9684) 5 microM, Diclofenac (Sigma D-6899-10G)5 microM, and Midazolam (ULTRAFINE UC-429) 2 microM) at 3 microM of theeach compound.

More specifically, the assay is carried out as follows. The compounds(60 microM, 10 microL) were pre-incubated in 170 microL of mixtureincluding human liver microsomes, 100 mM potassium phosphate buffer andprobes as substrate for 5 min. Reaction was started by adding a NADPH(10 mM, 20 microL) (NADPH generating system, which consist of 0.5 mMNADP, 10 mM MgCl₂, 6.2 mM DL-Isocitric acid and 0.5 U/ml IsocitricDehydrogenase, was also used). The assay plate was incubated at 37° C.Acetonitril was added to the incubate solution at appropriate time (e.g.8 min).

The metabolites concentration in the supernatant was measured byLC/MS/MS system.

The degree of drug drug interaction was interpreted based on generation% of metabolites in the presence or absence of test compound.

Human Dofetilide Binding Assay

Human HERG transfected HEK293S cells were prepared and grown in-house.The collected cells were suspended in 50 mM Tris-HCl, 10 mM KCl, 1 mMMgCl₂, Complete (Roche) (pH 7.4 at 4° C.) and homogenized using a handheld Polytron PT 1300 D disrupter set at 15,000 rpm for 20 sec on ice.The homogenates were centrifuged at 48,000×g at 4° C. for 20 min. Thepellets were then resuspended, homogenized, and centrifuged once more inthe same manner. The final pellets were resuspended in an appropriatevolume of 50 mM Tris-HCl, 10 mM KCl, 1 mM MgCl₂, Complete (pH 7.4 at 4°C.), homogenized, aliquoted and stored at −80° C. until use. An aliquotof membrane fractions was used for protein concentration determinationusing BCA protein assay kit (PIERCE) and ARVOsx plate reader (Wallac).Binding assays were conducted in a total volume of 30 microL in 384-wellplates. The activity was measured by PHERAstar (BMG LABTECH) usingfluorescence polarization technology. Ten microL of test compounds wereincubated with 10 microL of fluorescence ligand (6 nM Cy3B taggeddofetilide derivative) and 10 microL of membrane homogenate (6 microgprotein) for 120 minutes at room temperature. Nonspecific binding wasdetermined by 10 microM E4031 at the final concentration. The IC50values were calculated using Dose Response One Site Models, 4 ParameterLogistic Model (XLfit).

All publications, including but not limited to, issued patents, patentapplications, and journal articles, cited in this application are eachherein incorporated by reference in their entirety. Although theinvention has been described above with reference to the disclosedembodiments, those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that thespecific experiments detailed are only illustrative of the invention. Itshould be understood that various modifications can be made withoutdeparting from the spirit of the invention. Accordingly, the inventionis limited only by the following claims.

1-12. (canceled)
 13. A use of a compound of the formula (I) for themanufacture of a medicament

wherein: R is hydrogen or C₁₋₆ alkyl which may be substituted with oneor more substituents independently selected from R⁷; R¹ is independentlyselected from the group consisting of: (1) hydrogen, (2) —O_(n)—C₁₋₆alkyl, where the alkyl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or moresubstituents independently selected from R⁷, (3) —O_(n)—C₁₋₆ cycloalkyl,where the cycloalkyl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or moresubstituents independently selected from R⁷, and (4) —O_(n)-heterocyclicgroup, where the heterocyclic group is unsubstituted or substituted withone or more substituents independently selected from R⁷; wherein n is 0or 1, when n is 0, a chemical bond is present in the place of O_(n); pis 1, 2, 3, or 4; when p is two or more than two, R¹ may be same ordifferent; R² is selected from the group consisting of: (1) hydrogen,(2) C₁₋₆ alkyl, which is unsubstituted or substituted with one or moresubstituents independently selected from R⁷, (3) C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl, whichis unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituentsindependently selected from R⁷, (4) C₂₋₆ alkenyl, which is unsubstitutedor substituted with one or more substituents independently selected fromR⁷, (5) C₂₋₆ alkynyl, which is unsubstituted or substituted with one ormore substituents independently selected from R⁷, (6) phenyl, which isunsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents independentlyselected from R⁷, (7) —(C═O)—NR⁹R¹⁰, and (8) —(C═O)—O—C₁₋₆ alkyl, whichis unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituentsindependently selected from R⁷; or R²form a 5 to 7 membered ring with R¹which may contain nitrogen atom, oxygen atom, sulfur atom or doublebond, wherein the 5 to 7 membered ring is optionally substituted with 1to 6 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of:(1) hydrogen, (2) hydroxyl, (3) halogen, (4) C₁₋₆ alkyl, which isunsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents independentlyselected from R⁷, (5) C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl, which is unsubstituted orsubstituted with one or more substituents independently selected fromR⁷, (6) —O—C₁₋₆ alkyl, which is unsubstituted or substituted with one ormore substituents independently selected from R⁷, and (7) —O—C₃₋₆cycloalkyl, which is unsubstituted or substituted with one or moresubstituents independently selected from R⁷; X is -cycloalkylene-,wherein the said substituent X may have a substituent independentlyselected from the definitions of R⁹ and R¹⁰; W, Y and Z areindependently selected from nitrogen atom and carbon atom, which areindependently optionally substituted with R¹; at least one of W, Y and Zis nitrogen and W, Y and Z are not carbon at the same time; R³, R⁴, R⁵,and R⁶ are independently selected from the group consisting of: (1)hydrogen, (2) hydroxyl, (3) halogen, (4) C₁₋₆ alkyl, which isunsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents independentlyselected from R⁷, (5) C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl, which is unsubstituted orsubstituted with one or more substituents independently selected fromR⁷, (6) —O—C₁₋₆ alkyl, which is unsubstituted or substituted with one ormore substituents independently selected from R⁷, (7) —O—C₃₋₆cycloalkyl, which is unsubstituted or substituted with one or moresubstituents independently selected from R⁷, and (8) —NR⁷R⁸; or R³ andR⁴ and the carbon atom to which they are attached form an oxo group; orR³ and R⁴ and the carbon atom to which they are attached form a C₃₋₆cycloalkyl ring, which is unsubstituted or substituted with R⁷; or R⁵and R⁶ and the carbon atom to which they are attached form an oxo group;or R⁵ and R⁶ and the carbon atom to which they are attached form a C₃₋₆cycloalkyl ring, which is unsubstituted or substituted with R⁷; q is 0;r is 0; R⁷ is selected from the group consisting of: (1) hydrogen, (2)hydroxyl, (3) —(C═O)_(m)—O_(l)—C₁₋₆ alkyl, where the alkyl isunsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents independentlyselected from R⁸, (4) —O_(l)—(C₁₋₃)perfluoroalkyl, (5)—(C═O)_(m)—O_(l)—C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl, where the cycloalkyl is unsubstitutedor substituted with one or more substituents independently selected fromR⁸, (6) —(C═O)_(m)—O_(l)-phenyl, where the phenyl is unsubstituted orsubstituted with one or more substituents independently selected fromR⁸, and (7) —(C═O)_(m)—O_(l)-heterocyclic group, where the heterocyclicgroup is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituentsindependently selected from R⁸; wherein 1 is 0 or 1 and m is 0 or 1;when 1 is 0 or m is 0, a chemical bond is present in the place of(C═O)_(m) or O_(l), and when 1 is 0 and m is 0, a chemical bond ispresent in the place of (C═O)_(m)—O_(l); R⁸ is independently selectedfrom the group consisting of: (1) hydrogen and (2) halogen; R⁹ and R¹⁰are independently hydrogen or C₁₋₆ alkyl, which is unsubstituted orsubstituted with one or more substituents independently selected fromhalogen, hydroxyl, and —O—C₁₋₆ alkyl; Ar is aryl which is optionallysubstituted with 1 to 5 substituents independently selected from thegroup consisting of: (1) halogen, (2) hydroxyl, (3) —O_(n)—C₁₋₆ alkyl,where the alkyl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or moresubstituents independently selected from R⁷, (4) —NR⁹R¹⁰, and (5) —CN;wherein n is 0 or 1; when n is 0, a chemical bond is present in theplace of O_(n); or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
 14. Acompound of the formula (I):

wherein: R is hydrogen or C₁₋₆ alkyl which may be substituted with oneor more substituents independently selected from R⁷; R¹ is independentlyselected from the group consisting of; (1) hydrogen, (2) —O_(n)—C₁₋₆alkyl, where the alkyl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or moresubstituents independently selected from R⁷, (3) —O_(n)—C₁₋₆ cycloalkyl,where the cycloalkyl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or moresubstituents independently selected from R⁷, and (4) —O_(n)-heterocyclicgroup, where the heterocyclic group is unsubstituted or substituted withone or more substituents independently selected from R⁷; wherein n is 0or 1, when n is 0, a chemical bond is present in the place of O_(n); pis 1, 2, 3, or 4; when p is two or more than two, R¹ may be same ordifferent; R² is selected from the group consisting of: (1) hydrogen,(2) C₁₋₆ alkyl, which is unsubstituted or substituted with one or moresubstituents independently selected from R⁷, (3) C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl, whichis unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituentsindependently selected from R⁷, (4) C₂₋₆ alkenyl, which is unsubstitutedor substituted with one or more substituents independently selected fromR⁷, (5) C₂₋₆ alkynyl, which is unsubstituted or substituted with one ormore substituents independently selected from R⁷, (6) phenyl, which isunsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents independentlyselected from R⁷, (7) —(C═O)—NR⁹R¹⁰, and (8) —(C═O)—O—C₁₋₆ alkyl, whichis unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituentsindependently selected from R⁷; or R² form a 5 to 7 membered ring withR¹ which may contain nitrogen atom, oxygen atom, sulfur atom or doublebond, wherein the 5 to 7 membered ring is optionally substituted with 1to 6 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of:(1) hydrogen, (2) hydroxyl, (3) halogen, (4) C₁₋₆ alkyl, which isunsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents independentlyselected from R⁷, (5) C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl, which is unsubstituted orsubstituted with one or more substituents independently selected fromR⁷, (6) —O—C₁₋₆ alkyl, which is unsubstituted or substituted with one ormore substituents independently selected from R⁷, and (7) —O—C₃₋₆cycloalkyl, which is unsubstituted or substituted with one or moresubstituents independently selected from R⁷; X is -cycloalkylene-,wherein the said substituent X may have a substituent independentlyselected from the definitions of R⁹ and R¹⁰; W, Y and Z areindependently selected from nitrogen atom and carbon atom, which areindependently optionally substituted with R¹; at least one of W, Y and Zis nitrogen and W, Y and Z are not carbon at the same time; R³, R⁴, R⁵and R⁶ are independently selected from the group consisting of: (1)hydrogen, (2) hydroxyl, (3) halogen, (4) C₁₋₆ alkyl, which isunsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents independentlyselected from R⁷, (5) C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl, which is unsubstituted orsubstituted with one or more substituents independently selected fromR⁷, (6) —O—C₁₋₆ alkyl, which is unsubstituted or substituted with one ormore substituents independently selected from R⁷, (7) —O—C₃₋₆cycloalkyl, which is unsubstituted or substituted with one or moresubstituents independently selected from R⁷, and (8) —NR⁷R⁸; or R³ andR⁴ and the carbon atom to which they are attached form an oxo group; orR³ and R⁴ and the carbon atom to which they are attached form a C₃₋₆cycloalkyl ring, which is unsubstituted or substituted with R⁷; or R⁵and R⁶ and the carbon atom to which they are attached form an oxo group;or R⁵ and R⁶ and the carbon atom to which they are attached form a C₃₋₆cycloalkyl ring, which is unsubstituted or substituted with R⁷; q is 0;r is 0; R⁷ is selected from the group consisting of: (1) hydrogen, (2)hydroxyl, (3) —(C═O)_(m)—O_(l)—C₁₋₆ alkyl, where the alkyl isunsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents independentlyselected from R⁸, (4) —O_(l)—(C₁₋₃)perfluoroalkyl, (5)—(C═O)_(m)—O_(l)—C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl, where the cycloalkyl is unsubstitutedor substituted with one or more substituents independently selected fromR⁸, (6) —(C═O)_(m)—O_(l)-phenyl, where the phenyl is unsubstituted orsubstituted with one or more substituents independently selected fromR⁸, and (7) —(C═O)_(m)—O_(l)—-heterocyclic group, where the heterocyclicgroup is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituentsindependently selected from R⁸; wherein l is 0 or 1 and m is 0 or 1;when l is 0 or m is 0, a chemical bond is present in the place of(C═O)_(m) or O_(l), and when l is 0 and m is 0, a chemical bond ispresent in the place of (C═O)_(m)—O_(l); R⁸ is independently selectedfrom the group consisting of: (1) hydrogen and (2) halogen; R⁹ and R¹⁰are independently hydrogen or C₁₋₆ alkyl, which is unsubstituted orsubstituted with one or more substituents independently selected fromhalogen, hydroxyl, and —O—C₁₋₆ alkyl; Ar is aryl which is optionallysubstituted with 1 to 5 substituents independently selected from thegroup consisting of: (1) halogen, (2) hydroxyl, (3) —O_(n)—C₁₋₆ alkyl,where the alkyl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or moresubstituents independently selected from R⁷, (4) —NR⁹R¹⁰, and (5) —CN;wherein n is 0 or 1; when n is 0, a chemical bond is present in theplace of O_(n); or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
 15. Acompound of the formula (I):

wherein: R is hydrogen or C₁₋₆ alkyl which may be substituted with oneor more substituents independently selected from R⁷; R¹ is independentlyselected from the group consisting of; (1) hydrogen, (2) —O_(n)—C₁₋₆alkyl, where the alkyl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or moresubstituents independently selected from R⁷, and (4) —O_(n)-heterocyclicgroup, where the heterocyclic group is unsubstituted or substituted withone or more substituents independently selected from R⁷; wherein n is 0or 1, when n is 0, a chemical bond is present in the place of O_(n); pis 1; R² is (1) hydrogen or (2) C₁₋₆ alkyl, which is unsubstituted orsubstituted with one or more substituents independently selected fromR⁷; X is -cycloalkylene-, wherein the said substituent X may have asubstituent independently selected from the definitions of R⁹ and R¹⁰;W, Y and Z are independently selected from nitrogen atom and carbonatom, which are independently optionally substituted with R¹; at leastone of W, Y and Z is nitrogen and W, Y and Z are not carbon at the sametime; q is 0; r is 0; R⁷ is selected from the group consisting of: (1)hydrogen, (2) hydroxyl, (3) —(C═O)_(m)—O_(l)—C₁₋₆ alkyl, where the alkylis unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituentsindependently selected from R⁸, (4) —O_(l)—(C₁₋₃)perfluoroalkyl, (5)—(C═O)_(m)—O_(l)—C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl, where the cycloalkyl is unsubstitutedor substituted with one or more substituents independently selected fromR⁸, (6) —(C═O)_(m)—O_(l)-phenyl, where the phenyl is unsubstituted orsubstituted with one or more substituents independently selected fromR⁸, and (7) —(C═O)_(m)—O_(l)-heterocyclic group, where the heterocyclicgroup is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituentsindependently selected from R⁸; wherein l is 0 or 1 and m is 0 or 1;when l is 0 or m is 0, a chemical bond is present in the place of(C═O)_(m) or O_(l), and when l is 0 and m is 0, a chemical bond ispresent in the place of —(C═O)_(m)—O_(l); R⁸ is independently selectedfrom the group consisting of: (1) hydrogen and (2) halogen; R⁹ and R¹⁰are independently hydrogen or C₁₋₆ alkyl; Ar is aryl which is optionallysubstituted with 1 to 5 substituents independently selected from thegroup consisting of: (1) halogen, (2) hydroxyl, (3) —O_(n)—C₁₋₆ alkyl,where the alkyl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or moresubstituents independently selected from R⁷, (4) —NR⁹R¹⁰, and (5) —CN;wherein n is 0 or 1; when n is 0, a chemical bond is present in theplace of O_(n); or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
 16. Acompound selected from:(1R,2R)-2-methyl-N-((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)-2-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)cyclopropanecarboxamide;(R)-N-(1-(5-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)-3-(6-fluoro-1H-indol-1-yl)propanamide;(1R,2R)-N-((R)-1-(6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)ethyl)-2-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)cyclopropanecarboxamide;trans-2-(7-fluoro-1H-indol-3-yl)-N-((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecarboxamide;(1S*,2S*)-2-(1H-indol-3-yl)-N-((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecarboxamide;(1R*,2R*)-2-(1H-indol-3-yl)-N-((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecarboxamide;trans-2-(1H-indol-6-yl)-N-((R)-1-(6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecarboxamide;trans-2-(quinolin-7-yl)-N-((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecarboxamide;trans-2-(quinolin-7-yl)-N-((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyrazin-2-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecarboxamide;trans-2-(isoquinolin-3-yl)-N-((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecarboxamide;trans-2-(quinolin-3-yl)-N-((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyrazin-2-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecarboxamide;trans-2-((4-chlorophenoxy)methyl)-N-((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyrazin-2-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecarboxamide;trans-2-(2-fluoro-5-methoxyphenyl)-N-((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecarboxamide;trans-2-((1H-indol-1-yl)methyl)-N-((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecarboxamide;trans-2-(2,5-difluorophenyl)-N-((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecarboxamide;trans-N-((R)-1-(5-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)-2-(2,5-difluorophenyl)cyclopropanecarboxamide;trans-2-(2,5-difluorophenyl)-N-((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyrazin-2-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecarboxamide;trans-N-((R)-1-(5-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)-2-(1H-indol-4-yl)cyclopropanecarboxamide;trans-2-(4-methoxy-3-methylphenyl)-N-((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecarboxamide;(1R*,2R*)-2-(1H-indol-6-yl)-N-((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecarboxamide;trans-2-(quinolin-6-yl)-N-((R)-1-(6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecarboxamide;trans-2-(5-fluoro-1H-indol-2-yl)-N-((R)-1-(6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecarboxamide;trans-2-(quinolin-3-yl)-N-((R)-1-(6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecarboxamide;trans-2-(1H-indol-4-yl)-N-((R)-1-(6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecarboxamide;(1S*,2S*)-2-(8-chloroquinolin-2-yl)-N-((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyrazin-2-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecarboxamide;(1S*,2S*)-2-(1H-indol-2-yl)-N-((R)-1-(6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecarboxamide;(1R*,2R*)-2-(1H-indol-2-yl)-N-((R)-1-(6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecarboxamide;(1S*,2S*)-2-(1H-indol-2-yl)-N-((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyrazin-2-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecarboxamide;trans-2-(1-methyl-1H-indazol-6-yl)-N-((R)-1-(6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecarboxamide;(1R*,2R*)-2-(4-(benzyloxy)phenyl)-N-((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecarboxamide;(R,E)-3-(quinolin-2-yl)-N-(1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)acrylamide;(1S*,2S*)-N-((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)-2-(2,4,6-trifluorophenyl)cyclopropanecarboxamide;(1S*,2S*)-2-(3,5-difluorophenyl)-N-((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecarboxamide;(1S*,2S*)-2-(3-methoxyphenyl)-N-((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecarboxamide;(1S*,2S*)-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-N-((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecarboxamide;(1R*,2R*)-2-(2-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-N-((R)-1-(5-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecarboxamide;(1R*,2R*)-N-((R)-1-(5-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)-2-(2-fluoro-4-methoxyphenyl)cyclopropanecarboxamide;(1S*,2S*)-N-((R)-1-(5-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)-2-(2,4,6-trifluorophenyl)cyclopropanecarboxamide;(1S*,2S*)-N-((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyrazin-2-yl)ethyl)-2-(2,4,6-trifluorophenyl)cyclopropanecarboxamide;(1R*,2R*)-N-((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyrazin-2-yl)ethyl)-2-(2,4,6-trifluorophenyl)cyclopropanecarboxamide;(1S*,2S*)-2-(1H-indol-4-yl)-N-((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyrazin-2-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecarboxamide;(1R*,2R*)-2-phenyl-N-((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecarboxamide;(1S*,2S*)-2-phenyl-N-((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyrazin-2-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecarboxamide;(1R*,2R*)-2-phenyl-N-((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyrazin-2-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecarboxamide;(1S*,2S*)-2-phenyl-N-((R)-1-(6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecarboxamide;(1R*,2R*)-2-phenyl-N-((R)-1-(6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecarboxamide;(1S*,2S*)-2-(1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-N-((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyrazin-2-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecarboxamide;(1S*,2S*)-2-(1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-N-((R)-1-(6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecarboxamide;(1R*,2R*)-2-(1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-N-((R)-1-(6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecarboxamide;(1S*,2S*)-2-(phenoxymethyl)-N-((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecarboxamide;(1S*,2S*)-2-((3-fluorophenoxy)methyl)-N-((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecarboxamide;(1S*,2S*)-2-((3-cyanophenoxy)methyl)-N-((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecarboxamide;(1S*,2S*)-2-((4-fluorophenoxy)methyl)-N-((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecarboxamide;(1S*,2S*)-2-((4-cyanophenoxy)methyl)-N-((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecarboxamide;(1R*,2R*)-2-(phenoxymethyl)-N-((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecarboxamide;(1R*,2R*)-2-((3-fluorophenoxy)methyl)-N-((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecarboxamide;(1R*,2R*)-2-((3-cyanophenoxy)methyl)-N-((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecarboxamide;(1R*,2R*)-2-((4-fluorophenoxy)methyl)-N-((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecarboxamide;(1R*,2R*)-2-((4-cyanophenoxy)methyl)-N-((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecarboxamide;(1S*,2S*)-2-(4-((3-methyloxetan-3-yl)methoxy)phenyl)-N-((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecarboxamide;(1S*,2S*)-N-((R)-1-(5-(cyclopropylmethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)-2-(1H-indol-7-yl)cyclopropanecarboxamide;(1S*,2S*)-2-(phenoxymethyl)-N-((R)-1-(6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecarboxamide;(1R*,2R*)-2-(quinolin-2-yl)-N-((R)-1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecarboxamide;(1S*,2S*)-2-(4-(benzyloxy)phenyl)-N-(S)-1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecarboxamide;(1R*,2R*)-2-(4-(benzyloxy)phenyl)-N-((S)-1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecarboxamide;(1S*,2S*)-2-(2-fluoro-4-methoxyphenyl)-N-((S)-1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecarboxamide;(1R*,2R*)-2-(2-fluoro-4-methoxyphenyl)-N-((S)-1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecarboxamide;(1S*,2S*)-2-(2-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-N-((S)4-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecarboxamide;(1R*,2R*)-2-(2-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-N-((S)-1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecarboxamide;(1S*,2S*)-2-phenyl-N-((S)-1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecarboxamide;and(1R*,2R*)-2-phenyl-N-((S)-1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)cyclopropanecarboxamide;and salts thereof.
 17. A use of a compound or a pharmaceuticallyacceptable salt thereof according to claim 14, for the manufacture of amedicament.